The Microscope

Module 2.1
Essential questions :
What specific function does a
microscope has?
How does microscope
contributes in the lives of
people nowadays?
CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS

•Microscope – is an instrument used to see objects

that are too small for the naked eye.
•Microscopy – the science of investigating small
objects using such an instrument.

•Microscopic – means invisible to the eye unless

aided by a microscope.
Historical development of MICROSCOPE

MICROSCOPE
- is a precision instrument
and the commonly used tool
in conducting biological
researches and in studying
objects or organisms or parts
of organisms that are
invisible or only slightly
visible to the naked eyes .
ZACHARIAS JANSSEN and HANS(1590)
• Dutch eyeglass makers named Zacharias
Janssen and his brother Hans started
experimenting using lenses.
• They got a tube and put lenses on each end and
started observing objects.
• The object they observed was greatly enlarged,
much larger than a magnifying glass can enlarge.
Compound because
• The Janssen brothers made a very important it uses two or more
discovery, a compound microscope. lenses.
 ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK
(1632-1723)
• During his time was able to make a simple
microscope, and he made several biological
breakthroughs using it.
• Although his microscope is composed only a single
lens, its magnification is so powerful that it can
enlarge objects 270 times.

* He was the first to observe bacteria, yeasts, red blood cells.

* These breakthrough earned him the title
“Father of Microscopy”
ROBERT HOOKE

• An Englishman, also spent much of his life working

with microscopes improving their designs and
capabilities.
• Hooke, using his improved
compound microscope,
discovered tiny compartments
in a thin slice of cork.
• He called this compartments
CELLS.
 PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF A
COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE (CLM)
Two Types of Microscope

Simple Microscope Compound Microscope

- are composed of one lens • composed of two or more
and provide relatively low
magnifying power (5x). lenses that provide
powerful magnification.
- A magnifying glass is a good
sample of a simple
microscope.
Parts of Compound Light Microscope

Illuminating Magnifying Mechanical

Parts Parts Parts

provide the enlarge the Adjustments

light specimen and support
ILLUMINATING PART
• Are the parts that provides light.
• Light is important for the
objects/specimen to be seen.

• The light may come from two

sources: natural source/reflected
sunlight and artificial light/light
bulb.
ILLUMINATING PARTS
• MIRROR- reflects the light from the
source of the specimen
• DIAPHRAGM- regulates the amount
of light striking the specimen
• OCULAR/EYEPIECE- focuses light to
the eye; where the observer peeps
through
• OBJECTIVES- gather light
ILLUMINATING PARTS
MAGNIFYING PARTS

•Are the parts that

enlarge the
object/specimen.
 MAGNIFYING PART
• OCULAR LENS- enlarges the objects six (6x)
times or ten times (10x).
• OBJECTIVE LENSES- aside from gathering
light, they magnify the image. Most often, a
CLM has three objectives:
• LOW POWER OBJECTIVE (LPO)- locates and
enlarges the specimen 10x
• HIGH POWER OBJECTIVES (HPO)- enlarges the
specimen 40x, 43x, or 45x
• OIL IMMERSION OBJECTIVE (OIO)- enlarges the
object 100x
MAGNIFYING PART
 MECHANICAL PARTS
• REVOLVING NOSEPIECE- is a
rotating disc that holds the
different objectives and allows for
the shifting from one objective to
the next.

• DUST SHIELD – lies atop he

nosepiece and keeps dust from
settling on the objectives.
 MECHANICAL PARTS
• REVOLVING NOSEPIECE- is a
rotating disc that holds the
different objectives and allows for
the shifting from one objective to
the next.

• DUST SHIELD – lies atop he

nosepiece and keeps dust from
settling on the objectives.
MECHANICAL PARTS
• Are the parts of the microscope that supports,
and, connect, and move other parts.
 MECHANICAL PARTS
• BASE- bottommost portion
supports the entire weight of the
microscope
• PILLAR – part above the base
that supports the other parts.
• INCLINATION JOINT – allows the
microscope for convenience of
the user
 MECHANICAL PARTS
• ARM- supports the tube and the part
that is held when the microscope is
carried from one place to another.
• BODY TUBE- connects the lenses of the
objectives and the ocular
• STAGE- hold the slide
• STAGE CLIPS- hold the slide firmly in
place
• DRAW TUBE – cylindrical structure on
top of the body that holds the ocular
lenses
 MECHANICAL PARTS
• REVOLVING NOSEPIECE- is a
rotating disc that holds the
different objectives and allows for
the shifting from one objective to
the next.

• DUST SHIELD – lies atop he

nosepiece and keeps dust from
settling on the objectives.
 MECHANICAL PARTS
• ADJUSTMENTS SCREWS- move the
objectives to bring the specimen into
focus.
- COARSE ADJUSMENTS SCREW- is the
large knob that moves the body tube
faster to focus the specimen.
- FINE ADJUSTMENTS SCREW- is the
smaller knob that is used to get a
sharp focus of the specimen being
viewed.
CARING FOR THE MICROSCOPE
• Do not let any liquid to come in contact with the
microscope.
• Always store the microscope inside the box after use.
• Return the objective lens onto lower power after use.
• Carry the microscope by the arm.
• Use a soft clean tissue to wipe the lenses.
CARING FOR THE MICROSCOPE
• Do not let any liquid to come in contact with the
microscope.
• Always store the microscope inside the box after use.
• Return the objective lens onto lower power after use.
• Carry the microscope by the arm.
• Use a soft clean tissue to wipe the lenses.
CARING FOR THE MICROSCOPE
• Do not let any liquid to come in contact with the
microscope.
• Always store the microscope inside the box after use.
• Return the objective lens onto lower power after use.
• Carry the microscope by the arm.
• Use a soft clean tissue to wipe the lenses.
CARING FOR THE MICROSCOPE
• Do not let any liquid to come in contact with the
microscope.
• Always store the microscope inside the box after use.
• Return the objective lens onto lower power after use.
• Carry the microscope by the arm.
• Use a soft clean tissue to wipe the lenses.
CARING FOR THE MICROSCOPE
• Do not let any liquid to come in contact with the
microscope.
• Always store the microscope inside the box after use.
• Return the objective lens onto lower power after use.
• Carry the microscope by the arm.
• Use a soft clean tissue to wipe the lenses.
CARING FOR THE MICROSCOPE
• Do not let any liquid to come in contact with the
microscope.
• Always store the microscope inside the box after use.
• Return the objective lens onto lower power after use.
• Carry the microscope by the arm.
• Use a soft clean tissue to wipe the lenses.
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT 1.1
QUESTION # 1

• What is the type of microscope that has two or more

lenses that gives powerful magnification?

ANS: _____________________________
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT 1.1
QUESTION # 2

• He is an Englishman who use his improved compound

microscope and discovered tiny compartments in a thin
slice of cork.

ANS: _____________________________
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT 1.1
QUESTION # 3

• What instrument is used to see objects that are too small

for the naked eye.?

ANS: _____________________________
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT 1.1
QUESTION # 4

• Are the parts that provide the light

ANS: _____________________________
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT 1.1
QUESTION # 5

• He is considered as the “Father of Microscopy”.

ANS: _____________________
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT 1.1 (6-10)
Directions: Classify the following parts of microscope
as Illuminating, Magnifying or Mechanical.

___________6. Adjustments Screws

___________7. Mirror
___________8. Ocular/Eyepiece
___________9. Arm/Neck
___________10. Objective Lenses