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Exp6

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Sumit Rathod
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2 views3 pages

Exp6

Uploaded by

Sumit Rathod
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Name: Sumit Raghunath Rathod

UID: 2023800094

Experiment No. 6

AIM: Program to generate sound using BIOS interrupts in assembly language.

CODE: .model small


.DATA

;Divisor=1193180/Frequency
;The constant 1193180 Hz (or 1.19318 MHz) is the input clock frequency of
the Programmable Interval Timer (PIT) chip which controls the PC speaker.

TONES DW 4971, 25 ;Sa : Frequency=240Hz


DW 20, 1 ;pause
DW 4419, 25 ;Re : Frequency=270Hz
DW 20, 1 ;pause
DW 3977, 25 ;Ga : Frequency=300Hz
DW 20, 1 ;pause
DW 3729, 25 ;Ma : Frequency=320Hz
DW 20, 1 ;pause
DW 3314, 25 ;Pa : Frequency=360Hz
DW 20, 1 ;pause
DW 2983, 25 ;Dha : Frequency=400Hz
DW 20, 1 ;pause
DW 2651, 25 ;Ni : Frequency=450Hz
DW 20, 1 ;pause
DW 2486, 25 ;Sa : Frequency=480Hz
DW 20, 1 ;pause
.CODE

MOV AX,@DATA
MOV DS,AX

MOV SI,0 ;set up pointer to tones table


NEXT: MOV CX,TONES[SI] ;read frequency division value
CMP CX,0 ;if frequency divisor=0 exit
JZ EXIT
MOV DX,TONES[SI+2] ;else read duration value
ADD SI,4 ;point to next divisor/duration pair
CMP DX,1 ;if duration=1 pause
JZ PAUSE
CALL SPKRON ;turn speaker on
CALL LDTIMER ;set speaker frequency
CALL DELAY ;wait for chosen duration
CALL SPKROFF ;turn speaker off
JMP NEXT
PAUSE:MOV DX,CX
PAUSE2: MOV CX,50H ;pause is a multiple of 50000
ticks
TICK: LOOP TICK
DEC DX ;decrement pause counter
JNZ PAUSE2
JMP NEXT
EXIT: MOV AX,4C00H
INT 21H

SPKRON PROC NEAR


IN AL,61H ;read current state of port 61H
OR AL,3 ;set speaker control bits
OUT 61H,AL
RET
SPKRON ENDP

SPKROFF PROC NEAR


IN AL,61H ;read current state of port 61H
AND AL,0FCH ;clear speaker control bits
OUT 61H,AL
RET
SPKROFF ENDP

DELAY PROC NEAR


WAIT1:MOV CX,0FFFFH
WAIT2:LOOP WAIT2
DEC DX
JNZ WAIT1
RET
DELAY ENDP

LDTIMER PROC NEAR


MOV AL,0B6H ;timer 2 control word
OUT 43H,AL
MOV AL,CL ;output lower byte of count
OUT 42H,AL
MOV AL,CH ;output upper byte of count
OUT 42H,AL
RET
LDTIMER ENDP

END

EXPLANATION: The program uses BIOS interrupts to produce sound. Each sound has a
specific frequency and duration defined in the TONES table. The program
begins by initializing the data segment and setting a pointer to the tones
table. Each tone's frequency divisor and duration values are read
sequentially. If the duration is set to 1, the program adds a pause between
tones, otherwise it activates the speaker, sets the frequency, waits for the
specified duration, and then deactivates the speaker. This process repeats
until all tones are played.

CONCLUSION: I understood how to produce sounds using BIOS interrupts by executing


the above code. The code provided a comprehensive look at assembly
programming's capabilities in controlling hardware directly.

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