PHYSICS HONS.

CBCS CURRICULUM RANCHI UNIVERSITY

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SEMESTER IV GENERIC ELECTIVE 1 Paper
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Total 100 x 1 = 100 Marks
IV. GENERIC ELECTIVE (GE 4) ) (Credits: Theory-04, Practicals-02)

Marks : 75 (ESE: 3Hrs) + 25 (Pr 3Hrs)=100 Pass Marks: Th ESE = 30 + Pr ESE =10

Instruction to Question Setter for

End Semester Examination (ESE):

There will be two group of questions. Group A is compulsory and will contain two questions. Question No.1 will be very
short answer type consisting of ten questions of 1 mark each. Question No.2 will be short answer type of 5 marks. Group
B will contain descriptive type six questions of fifteen marks each, out of which any four are to answer.

Note: There may be subdivisions in each question asked in Theory Examinations.

WAVES AND OPTICS Theory: 60 Lectures

Wave Motion:
Plane and Spherical Waves. Longitudinal and Transverse Waves. Plane Progressive (Travelling)
Waves. Wave Equation. Particle and Wave Velocities. Differential Equation. Pressure of a
Longitudinal Wave. Energy Transport. Intensity of Wave. Water Waves: Ripple and Gravity Waves.
(6 Lectures)
Velocity of Waves:
Velocity of Transverse Vibrations of Stretched Strings. Velocity of Longitudinal Waves in a Fluid in a
Pipe. Newton’s Formula for Velocity of Sound. Laplace’s Correction.
(6 Lectures)
Wave Optics:
Electromagnetic nature of light. Definition and properties of wave front. Huygens Principle. Temporal
and Spatial Coherence.
(5 Lectures)
Interference:
Division of amplitude and wavefront. Young’s double slit experiment. Lloyd’s Mirror and Fresnel’s
Biprism. Phase change on reflection: Stokes’ treatment. Interference in Thin Films: parallel and
wedge-shaped films. Fringes of equal inclination (Haidinger Fringes); Fringes of equal thickness
(Fizeau Fringes). Newton’s Rings: Measurement of wavelength and refractive index.
(12 Lectures)
Interferometer:
Michelson Interferometer-(1) Idea of form of fringes (No theory required), (2) Determination of
Wavelength, (3) Wavelength Difference, (4) Refractive Index, and (5) Visibility of Fringes. Fabry-
Perot interferometer –theory and applications.
(6 Lectures)
Diffraction:
Kirchhoff’s Integral Theorem, Fresnel-Kirchhoff’s Integral formula and its application to rectangular
slit.
(6 Lectures)
Session 2019-22 onwards
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PHYSICS HONS. CBCS CURRICULUM RANCHI UNIVERSITY

Fraunhofer diffraction:
Single slit. Circular aperture, Resolving Power of a telescope. Single slit. Double slit. Multiple slits.
Diffraction grating. Resolving power of grating.
(10 Lectures)
Fresnel Diffraction:
Fresnel’s Assumptions. Fresnel’s Half-Period Zones for Plane Wave. Explanation of Rectilinear
Propagation of Light. Theory of a Zone Plate: Multiple Foci of a Zone Plate. Fresnel’s Integral,
Fresnel diffraction pattern of a straight edge, a slit and a wire.
(9 Lectures)

Reference Books
 Waves and Acoustics, P. K. Chakraborty and Satyabrata Chowdhury.
 Introduction to Geometrical and Physical Optics, B. K. Mathur. Optics, Singh and Agarwal.
 Geometrical and Physical Optics, P. K. Chakraborty.
 Waves: Berkeley Physics Course, vol. 3, Francis Crawford, 2007, Tata McGraw-Hill.
 Fundamentals of Optics, F.A. Jenkins and H.E. White, 1981, McGraw-Hill
 Principles of Optics, Max Born and Emil Wolf, 7th Edn., 1999, Pergamon Press.
 Optics, Ajoy Ghatak, 2008, Tata McGraw Hill
 The Physics of Vibrations and Waves, H. J. Pain, 2013, John Wiley and Sons.
 The Physics of Waves and Oscillations, N.K. Bajaj, 1998, Tata McGraw Hill.
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GE 4 LAB: WAVES AND OPTICS 60 Lectures

1. Familiarization with: Schuster`s focusing; determination of angle of prism.

2. To determine refractive index of the Material of a prism using sodium source.
3. To determine the dispersive power and Cauchy constants of the material of a prism using mercury
source.
4. To determine wavelength of sodium light using Fresnel Biprism.
5. To determine wavelength of sodium light using Newton’s Rings.
6. To determine the thickness of a thin paper by measuring the width of the interference fringes
produced by a wedge-shaped Film.
7. To determine wavelength of (1) Na source and (2) spectral lines of Hg source using plane
diffraction grating.
8. To determine dispersive power and resolving power of a plane diffraction grating.

Reference Books
 Advanced Practical Physics for students, B.L. Flint and H.T. Worsnop, 1971, Asia Publishing House
 A Text Book of Practical Physics, I. Prakash & Ramakrishna, 11th Ed., 2011, Kitab Mahal
 Advanced level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson and Jon M. Ogborn, 4th Edition, reprinted 1985,
Heinemann Educational Publishers
 A Laboratory Manual of Physics for undergraduate classes, D.P.Khandelwal, 1985, Vani Pub.

Session 2019-22 onwards

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