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Stored Routines

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Busiri bashiri Shulaimu
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7 views19 pages

Stored Routines

Uploaded by

Busiri bashiri Shulaimu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STORED ROUTINES

Functions, Stored Procedures, Triggers


Functions
• Are used to perform calculations and return ONLY one value.

• They are helpful in performing common computation tasks like


determining tax values from basic pay, grading for student marks
etc.
..
 General Syntax:
CREATE FUNCTION functionName(parameterName Datatype)
RETURNS dataType
BEGIN

//Function body

END;
….
 Example:
 A function to compute the total mark based on a coursework mark
and exam mark: Coursework=30% and Exam =70%

DELIMITER $$
CREATE FUNCTION totalMark(courseWorkMark INT, examMark INT)
RETURNS INT
BEGIN
RETURN courseWorkMark*0.3 + examMark*0.7;
END $$

 To use the function:


 SELECT totalMark(25,55) AS total FROM DUAL;
…
 Example 2:
 A function to compute the age based on the birthdate (dob) provided:

DELIMITER $$
DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS ageFinder $$
CREATE FUNCTION ageFinder (dob DATE) RETURNS INT
BEGIN
RETURN TRUNCATE((DATEDIFF(SYSDATE(), dob)/365),0);
END $$

 To use the function:


 SELECT ageFinder (‘1980-02-03’) AS age FROM DUAL;
 SELECT RegNo, firstName, lastName, ageFinder(dateOfBirth) as age
From Student;
Task
 Create the following tables and enter at least 3 data records into each
of them:
 BUS(busID,busModel,RegNO,currentMilleage)
 TRIP(TripID,busID,DriverID,tripDate,TripDuration,totalRevenue)
 DRIVER(DriverID,DriverName,DriverContact)
 Create queries and display:
 busName,tripDate,TripDuration,totalRevenue
 busName,driverName,tripdate,tripDuration
 All buses and any trips they have done
 All drivers and any trips they have undertaken
 Create a function to compute the commission for each driver based on
the trip totalRevenue as follows:
Commission=(0.5*totalrevenue+25000)/60
Conditional Statements
• The main conditional statement is the IF statement.

• It has a minimum of 2 possible out comes but can be expanded to


many more.

• IF statements can also be nested


…
Example1: 2 Outcomes
Attaching a comment to student marks based on the condition:
 Above 50% --- Excellent; Less than 50% -- Improvement Needed

DELIMITER $$
CREATE FUNCTION commentGenerator(mark INT) RETURNS CHAR(45)
BEGIN
IF mark>=50 THEN
RETURN ‘Excelllent’;
ELSE
RETURN ‘Improvement Needed’;
END IF;
END $$

TESTING: SELECT commentGenerator(35) AS comment FROM DUAL;


…
Write a function that takes Marks scored as a parameter to
determine the GRADE
Where:
 80 - 100 -A
 75 – 79 - B+
 70 – 74 -B
 65 – 69 - B-
 60 – 64 - C+
 55 – 59 -C
 50 – 54 - C-
 45 – 49 -D
 0 – 44 -F
DELIMITER $$
CREATE FUNCTION GradeGenerator(mark INT) RETURNS CHAR(5)
BEGIN

IF mark>=80 THEN
RETURN ‘A’;
ELSEIF mark>=75 THEN
RETURN ‘B+’;
ELSEIF mark>=70 THEN
RETURN ‘B’;
ELSEIF mark>=60 THEN
RETURN ‘C+’;
ELSEIF mark>=55 THEN
RETURN ‘C’;
ELSEIF mark>=50 THEN
RETURN ‘C-’;
ELSE
RETURN ‘D’;
END IF;

END $$
Example 3: Calculations:
Computing the PAYE based on the conditions:
 IF GrossPay<235,000 – Paye = 0
 IF GrossPay between 235,000 and 410,000, Paye = 10%
 IF GrossPay is above 410,000, Paye = 30%
DELIMITER $$
CREATE FUNCTION payeCalculator(GrossPay INT) RETURNS INT
BEGIN
IF GrossPay<235000 THEN
RETURN 0;
ELSEIF GrossPay BETWEEN 235000 AND 410000 THEN
RETURN 0.1 * GrossPay;
ELSE
RETURN 0.3 * GrossPay;
END IF;
END $$
…
Nested IF statements:
These involve multiple layers of IF statements.

Example:
If a resident is from Kampala:
 Taxes are computed as follows: If income<130,000 no tax else 20% tax;
If resident is from Northern Uganda
 Taxes are computed as follows: If income<100,000 no tax else 15% tax;
All other areas:
 Taxes are computed as follows: If income<150,000 no tax else 25% tax;
DELIMITER $$
CREATE FUNCTION taxByRegion(region CHAR(35), income INT) RETURNS INT
BEGIN
If region=‘Kampala’ THEN
If income < 130,000 THEN
RETURN 0;
ELSE
RETURN 0.2 * income;
END IF;
ELSEIF region=‘Northen’ THEN
If income < 100,000 THEN
RETURN 0;
ELSE
RETURN 0.1 * income;
END IF;
ELSE
If income < 150,000 THEN
RETURN 0;
ELSE
RETURN 0.25 * income;
END IF;
END IF;
END $$
…
DELIMITER $$
CREATE FUNCTION hallAssigner(gender CHAR(10), age INT) RETURNS CHAR(25)
BEGIN
IF gender=‘M’ THEN
IF age > 21 THEN
RETURN ‘ABUBAKAR’;
ELSE
RETURN ‘UTHMAN’;
END IF;
ELSE
IF age > 21 THEN
RETURN ‘SUMAYYAH’;
ELSE
RETURN ‘KASWAMPA’;
END IF;
END IF;
END $$
DELIMITER;
…
Using CURSORS:
Cursors are important when the function needs to obtain data to be used
in the calculation from an existing table.

There are 2 types of cursors:


 Implicit – Which is not directly declared
 Explicit which is directly declared and managed by the user.
Implicit Cursors
Implicit cursors make use of the SELECT .. INTO .. Statement

EXAMPLE
To Create a function that gives a comment based on the total purchases
done so far:
 IF purchases are less than 3 million – “Sustainable” else “Unsustainble”
The total value of purchases must be obtained from the purchases table
before being used in making the comment.
TASK
To Create a function that gives a comment based on the total purchases
done so far:
 purchases are LESS than average purchases – “Low”
 purchases are EQUAL to average purchases – “Average”
 purchases are MORE than average purchases – “High”

The total value of purchases must be obtained from the purchases table
before being used in making the comment.

Include the function in a Select statement to determine the status of each


purchase.
Solution – Implicit cursor
DELIMITER $$
CREATE FUNCTION purchasesAssessment() RETURNS CHAR(45)
BEGIN
DECLARE totalPurchases INT;
SELECT SUM(amount) INTO totalPurchases FROM
purchases;
IF totalPurchases < 3000000 THEN
RETURN CONCAT(totalPurchases, ‘ is Sustainable’);
ELSE
RETURN CONCAT(totalPurchases, ‘ is Unsustainable’);
END IF;
END $$

SELECT purchaseassessment() AS Comment FROM DUAL;


Solution – Explicit cursor
DELIMITER $$
CREATE FUNCTION purchasesAssessmentExplicit() RETURNS CHAR(45)
BEGIN
DECLARE totalPurchases INT;
DECLARE purchaseCursor CURSOR FOR
SELECT SUM(amount) FROM purchases;
OPEN purchaseCursor;
FETCH purchaseCursor INTO totalPurchases;
CLOSE purchaseCursor;
IF totalPurchases < 3000000 THEN
RETURN CONCAT(totalPurchases, ‘ is Sustainable’);
ELSE
RETURN CONCAT(totalPurchases, ‘ is Unsustainable’);
END IF;
END $$
SELECT purchaseassessmentExplicit() AS Comment FROM DUAL;

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