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Module 3- equilibrium of force systems

Engineering Mechanics (Iloilo Science and Technology University)

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Notes in Engineering Mechanics

Module 3 Title: Equilibrium of Force Systems

Module Introduction/Rationale:

In this module, we will discuss the three equations for static equilibrium, the analysis of the
problem using the three equations and how to solve the reactions in every type of supports.

Module Outcomes:
CO2: Analyze static and dynamic equilibrium of particles and rigid bodies

Lesson 1 Title: Equilibrium of Concurrent Force System

Lesson Outcomes:
At the end of this topic the learner should be able to:
1. define equilibrium
2. solve the reactions at the supports
3. solve the unknowns using the three equations of static equilibrium

EQUILIBRIUM

The subject matter of statics, as its name implies, deals essentially with the action of forces on
bodies which are at rest. Such bodies are said to be in equilibrium. Specifically, equilibrium is the term
used to designate the condition where the resultant of a system of forces is zero. Basically, when we say
equilibrium, the body is in a balance condition.

Free-Body Diagram

An isolated view of a body which shows only the external forces exerted on the body is
called a free-body diagram.

Three Equations for Static Equilibrium

1. ΣFx = 0 Right = Lef
2. ΣFy = 0 Up = Down
3. ΣM = 0 Clockwise = Counter Clockwise

Three Types of Supports

1. Roller Support 2. Hinge or Pin Support 3. Fixed-End Support

RH RH RH
RN M
Ɵ
RN RV RV
RV
RN = Reaction Normal to the Plane
RV = Reaction along the vertical axis
RH = Reaction along the horizontal axis
M = Fixed-end moment (moment at the support)

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Sample Pictures

Cable

Rocker

Pinned or Hinged Fixed

Modelling
2

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Sample Problem:
1. The cable and the boom support a load of 400 N. Determine the tensile force T in the cable and the
compressive force C in the boom.

C Free-Body Diagram (FBD):

AB

300 B 300 B

500 500

400 N BC 400 N

Solution:

ΣFx = 0 Right = Lef

BC cos 500 = AB cos 300

AB cos 30 o
BC = = 1.35 AB ----------- equation 1
cos 50 o

ΣFy = 0 Up = Down

AB sin 300 + BC sin 500 = 400 -------- equation 2

Substitute 1 in 2

AB sin 300 + (1.35 AB) sin 500 = 400

0.50 AB + 1.03 AB = 400
AB = 261. 44 N answer

In equation 1
BC = 1.35 AB
BC = 1.35 (261.44) = 352.94 N answer

Tensile Force in the Cable = AB = 261.44 N

Compressive Force in the Boom = BC = 352.94 N

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2. A cylinder weighing 600 lbs is held against a smooth incline by means of the weightless rod AB.
Determine the force P and N exerted on the cylinder by the rod and the inclined plane respectively.

W = 600 lbs

B
B
250
AB
0
25 550 250
A A 550 N
550

Solution: Free-Body Diagram (FBD):

ΣFx = 0 Right = Lef Y

AB cos 250 = N sin 550 W = 600 lbs

Nsin 55o
AB = = 0.90 N ----------- equation 1
cos 25o X
250
ΣFy = 0 Up = Down AB
N
550
AB sin 250 + N cos 550 = 600 -------- equation 2

Substitute 1 in 2

(0.90 N) sin 250 + N cos 550 = 600

0.38 N + 0.57 N = 600
N = 631. 58 lbs answer

In equation 1
AB = 0.90 N
AB = 0.90 (631.58) = 568.42 lbs answer

Compressive Force in the Rod = AB = 568.42 lbs

Normal Force exerted by the inclined plane = N = 631.58 lbs

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3. The 300-lb force and the 400-lb force are to be held in equilibrium by the third force F acting at an
unknown angle Ɵ with the horizontal. Determine the value of P and Ɵ.

400 N

700 N 300
X
Ɵ

Solution:

ΣFx = 0 Right = Lef

400 cos 300 + F cos Ɵ = 700

F cos Ɵ = 700 – 346.41
F cos Ɵ = 353.59

353.59
F= ----------- equation 1
cos θ

ΣFy = 0 Up = Down

400 sin 300 = F sin Ɵ

200 = F sin Ɵ

200
F= ------------ equation 2
sin θ

Equate 1 = 2

353.59 200
=
cos θ sin θ

sin θ 200
=
cos θ 353.59

200
tan Ɵ =
353.59

Ɵ = 29.490 answer

In equation 1
353.59
F= = 406.22 N answer
cos 29.49 o

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4. Determine the reactions at the supports of the loaded beam shown in the figure.

20 KN 20 KN
15 KN 15 KN
10 KN/m 10 KN/m

A B A L L B
RBH

5.0 m 2.0 m 4.0 m 5.0 m 2.0 m 4.0 m

RA RBV

Solution:

Start at the support with two unknowns

Take a moment at point B

ΣMB = 0
0 = RA (11 m) – (15 KN)(4 m) – (20 KN)(6 m) – (10 KN/m)(5)(2.5 m + 6 m)
0 = RA (11 m) – 60 – 120 – 425
RA = 55 KN answer

Take a moment at point A

ΣMA = 0
0 = (10 KN/m)(5 m)(2.5 m) + (20 KN)(5 m) + (15 KN)(7 m) – R BV (11 m)
0 = 125 + 100 + 105 – RBV (11 m)
RBV = 30 KN answer

ΣFx = 0 Right = Lef

0 = RHB
RHB = 0

Check the answers

Use ΣFy = 0 Up = Down

RA + RBV = (10 KN/m)(5 m) + 20 KN + 15 KN

55 KN + 30 KN = 85 KN
85 KN = 85 KN  OK the system is a balance condition

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5. Determine the reactions at the supports of the loaded beam shown in the figure.

15 KN/m 15 KN/m

20 KN 20 KN

A B A L L B
RAH

3.0 m 2.0 m 6.0 m 3.0 m 2.0 m 6.0 m

RAV RB

Solution:

Start at the support with two unknowns

Take a moment at point A

ΣMA = 0
0 = ½ (15 KN/m)(6 m)(4 m + 2 m) – (20 KN)(3 m) – RB (8 m)
0 = 270 – 60 – RB (8 m)
RB = 26.25 KN answer

Take a moment at point B

ΣMB = 0
0 = RAV (8 m) – ½ (15 KN/m)(6 m)(2 m) – (20 KN)(3 m + 2 m + 6 m)
0 = RAV (8 m) – 90 – 220
RAV = 38.75 KN answer

ΣFx = 0 Right = Lef

RAH = 0

Check the answers

Use ΣFy = 0 Up = Down
RAV + RB = 20 KN + ½ (15KN/m) (6 m)
38.75 KN + 26.25 KN = 65 KN
65 KN = 65 KN  OK the system is a balance condition

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6. Determine the reactions at the supports of the loaded beam shown in the figure.

16 KN/m 30 KN 16 KN/m 30 KN

B B
A A
RBH
3.0 m 5.0 m 2.0 m 2.0 m 3.0 m 5.0 m 2.0 m 2.0 m

RA RBV

Solution:

Start at the support with two unknowns

Take a moment at point B

ΣMB = 0
0 = RA (9 m) – (30 KN)(2 m) – (16 KN/m)(8 m)(4 m + 2 m + 2 m)
0 = RA(9 m) – 60 – 1024
RA = 120.44 KN answer

Take a moment at point A

ΣMA = 0
0 = (16 KN/m)(5 m)(2.5 m) + (30 KN)(7 m) – (16 KNm)(3 m)(1.5 m) – R BV (9 m)
0 = 200 + 210 – 72 – RBV (9 m)
RBV = 37.56 KN answer

ΣFx = 0 Right = Lef

RBH = 0

Check the answers

Use ΣFy = 0 Up = Down
RA + RBV = 30 KN + (16 KN/m) (8 m)
120.44 KN + 37.56 KN = 158 KN
158 KN = 158 KN  OK the system is a balance condition

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7. Determine the tension T in the cable and the horizontal and vertical components of the reaction at A.

Free-Body Diagram (FBD):

C C

TBC

7f 7f
85 TY
7
6
B TX
A A
B
300 lbs 100 lbs RAH 300 lbs 100 lbs

3f 3f 2f 3f 3f 2f
RAV
Solution:

Start at the support with two unknowns

Take a moment at point A

ΣMA = 0
0 = (300 lbs)(3 f) + (100 lbs)(8 f) – TY(6 f)
7
0 = (300 lbs)(3 f) + (100 lbs)(8 f) – TBC ( )(6 f)
85
42
0 = 900 + 800 + TBC ( )
85
TBC = 373.17 lbs answer

Take a moment at point B

ΣMB = 0
0 = RAV(6 f) – (300 lbs)(3 f) + (100 lbs)(2 f)
0 = RAV(6 f) – 900 + 200
RAV = 116.67 lbs answer

ΣFx = 0 Right = Lef

RAH = TX
6 6
RAH = T( ) = (373.17)( )= 242.86 lbs answer
85 85
Check the answers
Use ΣFy = 0 Up = Down
7
RAV + T( ) = 300 lbs + 100 lbs
85
7
116.67 lbs + (373.17 lbs)( ) = 400 lbs
85
400 lbs = 400 lbs  OK the system is a balance condition

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8. Determine the reactions at the supports of the loaded beam shown in the figure.

Free-Body Diagram (FBD):

50 KN 50 KN

B B
A A RBX
RAH
250

2.0 m 5.0 m 2.0 m 5.0 m 250 R

RAV B
RBY

Solution:

Start at the support with two unknowns

Take a moment at point A

ΣMA = 0
0 = (50 KN)(2 m) – RBY(7 m)
0 = 100 – RB cos 250 (7 m)
RB = 15.76 KN answer

Take a moment at point B

ΣMB = 0
0 = RAV(7 m) – (50 KN)(5 m)
0 = RAV(7 m) – 250
RAV = 35.71 KN answer

ΣFx = 0 Right = Lef

RAH = RBX
RAH = RB sin 250 = (15.76)sin 250 = 6.66 KN answer

Check the answers

Use ΣFy = 0 Up = Down
RAV + RBY= 50 KN
35.71 + 15.76 cos 250 = 50 KN
50 KN = 50 KN  OK the system is a balance condition

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9. Compute the reactions at the supports of the loaded truss shown in the figure.

20 KN 20 KN

40 KN 15 KN 40 KN 15 KN

5m 5m

A B A RAH B

10 KN 30 KN 10 KN 30 KN
RAV RB
4m 4m 4m 4m 4m 4m

Solution:

Start at the support with two unknowns

Take a moment at point A

ΣMA = 0
0 = (30 KN)(4 m) + (20 KN)(4 m) + (40 KN)(5 m) – (15 KN)(5 m) – (10 KN)(4 m) – R B(8 m)
0 = 120 + 80 + 200 – 75 – 40 – RB(8 m)
RB = 35.625 KN answer

Take a moment at point B

ΣMB = 0
0 = RAV(8 m) – (30 KN)(4 m) – (20 KN)(4 m) – (10 KN)(12 m) – (15 KN)(5 m) + (40 KN)(5 m)
0 = RAV(8 m) – 120 – 80 – 120 – 75 + 200
RAV = 24.375 KN answer

ΣFx = 0 Right = Lef

40 KN = 15 KN + RAH
RAH = 25 KN answer

Check the answers

Use ΣFy = 0 Up = Down
RAV + RB = 20 KN + 30 KN + 10 KN
24.375 KN + 35.625 KN = 60 KN
60 KN = 60 KN  OK the system is a balance condition

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Problem Set No: 1 (Module 3)

1. Determine the force acting in member AB and BC.
B
100 N

2m
A
300 N

3m

C
3m 3m

2. Determine the force acting in member AB and BC.

B

200 KN

300 600
C A

3. Determine the magnitude of P and F in order to maintain equilibrium

Y

F
600 P
3
4
X
400 N 300

200 N

4. A 600 lb-box is held at rest on a smooth inclined plane by force P. Determine the value of P and the
normal force N exerted by the inclined plane.

W= 600 lbs

450
300

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5. Determine the force acting in member AB and BC.

4m 4m
B
80 KN
3m
50 KN
6m
A

6. Two identical smooth cylinders resting on an inclined plane has a given weight as shown in the figure.
Determine the reactions acting at point A, B, C, and D.
120 N

80 N
C
D
A
B

300

7. Determine the reactions at the supports of the loaded beam shown in the figure.

30 KN 10 KN
20 KN/m

A B

4m 1m 2m 2m

8. Determine the reactions at the supports of the loaded beam shown in the figure.

14 KN
18 KN/m
16 KN/m

A B

3.0 m 1.0 m 6.0 m

9. Determine the reactions at the supports of the loaded beam shown in the figure.

30 KN/m 15 KN
25 KN/m

A B

6.0 m 2.0 m 5.0 m

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10. Determine the reactions at the supports of the loaded truss shown in the figure.
50 KN

3m
10 KN 5m

3m 3m 3m
A B

20 KN
11. Determine the reactions at the supports of the loaded beam shown in the figure.

20 KN
30 KN
10 KN/m
3
2
A B

3m 6m 3m 1m

12. Determine the reactions at the supports of the loaded truss shown in the figure.

40 KN

10 KN

4m
5m 5m 5m
B
4m 20 KN

13. Determine the value of the weight W and the reactions at the support. Assume that the pulley at point
B is frictionless.

16 KN
B
12 KN/m
300
W
A
3m 5m 3m

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14. Determine the reactions at the supports of the loaded truss shown in the figure.

50 KN 30 KN

2m 20 KN
A
2m
B
3m 3m 3m 3m

15. A frictionless pulley 4 f in diameter supports a load of 300 lbs. Compute the reactions at the hinge and
roller supports.

600

A B C

300 lbs

6f 2f 4f

16. A 10 m bar AB is supported by a hinge at point A and a smooth vertical surface at B. Determine the
reactions at point A and the normal force at point B.

B
5m

5m

20 KN
A

6m

15

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