SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM

QCVN 11:2024/BGTVT

NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATIONS

ON TECHNICAL SAFETY QUALITY AND
PROTECTION ENVIRONMENT FOR TRAILERS
AND SEMI-TRAILERS

HANOI - 2024
QCVN 11:2024/BGTVT

PREFACE

QCVN 11:2024/BGTVT compiled by Vietnam Register,

Department of Science - Technology and Environment, Ministry of Science

- Appraisal technology, issued by the Minister of Transport under Circular No.

48/2024/TT-BGTVT dated November 15, 2024.
2024.

QCVN 11:2024/BGTVT replaces QCVN 11:2015/BGTVT.

 NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATIONS
ON TECHNICAL SAFETY QUALITY AND PROTECTION ENVIRONMENT FOR
TRAILERS AND SEMI-TRAILERS

1.​ GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1.​ Scope of regulation
This regulation stipulates technical requirements for inspection, testing, certification of
technical safety quality and environmental protection in the production, assembly and
import of new trailers and semi-trailers (hereinafter referred to as vehicles).
1.2. Subjects of application
This regulation applies to: domestic manufacturing and assembly establishments,
organizations and individuals importing vehicles; organizations and individuals involved
in the management, inspection, testing, certification of technical safety quality and
environmental protection for vehicles.
1.3. Explanation of terms
1.3.1. Dimensional terms are defined in standard TCVN 6528:1999 “Road vehicles
- Dimensions of motor vehicles and towed vehicles - Terms and definitions”.
1.3.2.​Terms about mass are defined in standard TCVN 6529:1999 “Road vehicles -
Mass - Definitions and codes”.
1.3.3.​Other terms:
1.3.3.1. Single axle: consists of only one axle.
1.3.3.2. Tandem axle group: is an axle group consisting of two axles with a distance
between the two axle centers of no more than 2 m.
1.3.3.3.Tri-axle group: is a group of three axles with a distance between the two outer
axle centers of no more than 3.2 m.
1.3.3.4. Steering Axle: is an axle with mechanisms installed to control the wheels to
change the direction of the vehicle's movement and is controlled by the driver.
1.3.3.5.Twin-steer axle group: is an axle group consisting of 2 single-tire steering axles
with a distance between the 2 axle centers of no more than 2 m. These axles are linked
with the same steering mechanism to control the steering wheels.
1.3.3.6. Lift Axle: is an axle on which a mechanism or device is installed that can adjust
the load acting on that axle or can be controlled to lift the wheel off the road surface
by the driver.
1.3.3.7.Self-steering axle: is an axle with wheels, with mechanical mechanisms or
control systems to self-adjust the direction of the wheels according to the direction of
vehicle movement.
1.3.3.8.Modular trailers: are trailers with coupling mechanisms used to connect to
traction equipment or to connect modules together, which can be operated in either
direction, as a single module or multiple modules.
1.3.3.9. Recreational trailer/semi trailer: is a type of vehicle designed with basic living
space, equipped with minimum facilities including: sleeping space, kitchen area, toilet
area, table, chairs, and other storage cabinets.
1.3.3.10. Camping trailers, travel trailers: are trailers with hard or soft tops that can be
folded when moving, the vehicle is equipped with sleeping places and equipment for
camping.

2.​ TECHNICAL

REGULATIONS 2.1. Maximum allowable size:

 Figure 1b. How to determine semi-trailer size

In which: L - Overall length; LCS - Wheelbase length; ROH - Rear overhang; WT -

distance between the center of the contact mark of the two rear wheels with the road
surface, in case the rear axle is fitted with single wheels (figure 1a) or the distance
between the center of the contact mark of the two outer rear wheels with the road
surface, in case the rear axle is fitted with double wheels (figure 1b).

2.1.1.​The length of the vehicle (L) must ensure the following requirements:
2.1.1.1. For trailers: no more than 12m (including the pulling mechanism) (Figure 1a).
2.1.1.2. For semi-trailers: the distance from the center of the pull pin to the surface
perpendicular to the longitudinal median plane and passing through the rear point of the
vehicle (KR) is no more than 12.3 m (Figure 1b).
2.1.1.3. Some specific cases are specified as follows:

Table 1. Maximum length of vehicle

No. Vehicle Type Max. length (m)

1 Dump trailers with a total of two axles and a maximum 7.0

permissible total mass of 10 tonnes or more (excluding the
traction mechanism);
Single-axle dump semi-trailers.

2 Dump trailers have a total number of axles of three 7.8

(excluding the towing mechanism);
Dump semi-trailers have a total number of axles of two.
3 Dump trailers have a total number of axles of four 9.3
(excluding the towing mechanism);
Dump semi-trailers have a total number of axles of three.

4 Dump trailers have a total number of axles of five 10.2

(excluding the towing mechanism);
Dump semi-trailers have a total number of axles of four.

5 Truck semi-trailer; Truck semi-trailer with roof; Closed box 12.4

truck semi- trailer; Insulated truck semi-trailer.

2.1.2.​Width (W): not greater than 2.5 m.

2.1.3.​Height (H): not greater than 4.0 m.
For vehicles with a maximum total design weight of not greater than 5.0 tons, the height
of the vehicle H (except for special-purpose vehicles with protruding parts due to the
installation of antennas, broadcasting towers or equipment with similar structures but
not affecting the stability of the vehicle) must ensure the following requirements:
H ≤ 1,75 WT
2.1.4. The Rear Overhang (ROH) is the distance between the vertical plane passing
through the centerline of the axle or axle group (ROH line) to the rear end of the vehicle
and must satisfy the following requirement (not applicable to special-purpose vehicles):
not greater than 60% of the calculated wheelbase length (LCS).
In which: the calculated wheelbase length (LCS) is the distance from the ROH line to
the vertical plane passing through the center of the drawbar pin hole (for trailers with
one axle or one axle group) or to the vertical plane passing through the axle of the first
axle (for trailers) or to the center line of the drawbar pin in the vertical position (for
semi-trailers) (Figure 2). The determination of the ROH line is determined according to
the following principles:
2.1.4.1. For a single rear axle, the ROH line passes through the center of that axle;
2.1.4.2. If a vehicle consists of two rear axles or a tandem group axle where both axles
have similar tyre number, the ROH line shall cross the middle point of both axles; where
one axle consists of twice as many tyres as the other axle, the ROH line shall cross the
point located at two-thirds (2/3) of the distance from the center of axle with fewer tyres
to the center of axle with more tyres;
2.1.4.3. In the case of a vehicle with a 3-axle cluster, the ROH line passes through the
midpoint of the 2 outermost axle centers;
2.1.4.4. If rear axle groups consist of steering axles, self-steering axles, lift axles in
combination with other axles (non-steering axles), only non-steering axles shall be
taken into account for the purpose of identifying ROH line.
The determination of calculated wheelbase length (Lcs), ROH line in some specific
cases is given in Table 2.

Figure 2. Ways to determine the calculated wheelbase length (Lcs) and the ROH line

Table 2. Principles for determining the ROH line

No. Principles for determining the ROH line Illustration

1 In case the vehicle has only 01 rear axle and it is not ROH Line

a steering axle, the ROH line is the line passing

through the center of that axle.

2 In case the vehicle has a dual axle assembly at the ROH Line

rear that is not a steering axle and each axle has an

equal number of tires, the ROH line passes through
the midpoint of the two axle centers.

3 In case the vehicle has a double axle cluster at the ROH Line

rear, which is not a steering axle and has one axle

with twice as many tires as the other axle, the ROH
line passes through a point equal to 2/3 of the
distance from the center of the axle with fewer tires
to the center of the axle with more tires.

4 In the case of a vehicle with a triple axle assembly at ROH Line

the rear, not a steering axle, and all axles are fitted
with equal number of tyres, the ROH line passes
through the centre of the axle in the middle.

5 Where the vehicle has a steering or self-aligning ROH Line

axle at the rear, together with a non-steering axle,

the ROH line passes through the centre of the
non-steering axle.

Steering Non-
axle or steering axle
self-steering axle
6 In case the vehicle has one or two steering or ROH Line

self-aligning axles at the rear, together with two

axles that are not steering axles, the ROH line
passes through the midpoint of the two axle centers
that are not steering axles. Steering Non-
axle or steering axle
self-steering axle

7 In case the vehicle has one or two lifting axles (lifting ROH Line

axles) at the rear, together with one or more axles

that are not lifting axles, the ROH line passes
through the midpoint of the centers of the axles that
are not lifting axles.
Non-steering Lift axle
axle

8 In case the vehicle has 4 axles and has the same number of tires on each side

-​ Without steering axle ROH Line

-​ With steering axle ROH Line

ROH Line

2.2.​ Maximum allowable axle load and maximum allowable mass

2.2.1. Maximum allowable axle load on the axle:
2.2.1.1. Single axis: ​ 10 tons.
2.2.1.2. Dual axis: depends on the distance between the two axis centers d:
d < 1.0 m: ​ ​ 11 tons;
 1,0 ≤ d < 1,3 m:​ 16 tons;
d ≥ 1.3 m:​ ​ 18 tons.
2.2.1.3. Cluster of 3 or more axles: depends on the distance between two smallest
adjacent axle centers d:
d ≤ 1.3 m: ​ ​ 21 tons;
d > 1.3 m:​ ​ 24 tons.
2.2.2. The mass distributed to the kingpin position of a semi-trailer, including a
container semi- trailer (except for a container semi-trailer with an overall length of less
than 10m) must be no less than 35% of the maximum allowable total mass for a
semi-trailer with a total number of three axles or more; no less than 40% of the
maximum allowable total mass for a semi-trailer with a total number of two axles.
2.3.​ Turnaround ability
Stipulated in Appendix A of this Regulation (Not applicable to vehicles with size
exceeding the limit specified in section 2.1 of this Regulation).
2.4.​ Chassis and floor
2.4.1.​The chassis and floor must be sufficiently durable under normal operating
conditions.
2.4.2.​Container trucks must be equipped with locking pins to hold the container to the
vehicle floor. The number and location of the locking pins must be suitable for the type
of container being transported according to the regulations in QCVN 38:2015/BGTVT.
2.4.3.​Vehicles with a total design weight of 3.5 tons or more must be equipped with
protective barriers on both sides and at the rear of the vehicle that meet the
following conditions:
2.4.3.1. For protective barriers on both sides:
No part of the barrier increases the overall width of the vehicle. On the main part
of the barrier, the outer surface of the barrier must not be more than 150 mm inward
from the side wall of the vehicle. Within 250 mm of the rear of the barrier, the outer
surface of the barrier must not be more than 30 mm inward from the outer edge of the
rear tire (excluding the deformation of the tire due to contact with the road surface)
(Figure 3);
The starting point of the barrier to the side stand of the semi-trailer must not be
greater than 250 mm;
The distance from the barrier's starting point to the front wheels of the trailer is
not greater than 500 mm;
The end point of the barrier to the rear wheels must not be greater than 300 mm.

Figure 3. Side barrier installation location

2.4.3.2. For rear barriers:
No part of the barrier shall increase the overall length or the overall width of the
vehicle;
The distance between the two end points of the barrier to the plane containing
the two side walls shall not be greater than 100 mm; the distance from the outer
surface of the barrier to the plane containing the rear wall of the vehicle shall not be
greater than 400 mm (figure 4).

Figure 4. Rear barrier installation guide

2.4.3.3. The upper edge of the barrier shall not be lower than 700 mm from the road
surface. The lower edge to the road surface shall not be more than 550 mm.
2.4.3.4. Barrier installation is not required in cases where the gap between the vehicle
body and the road surface at the barrier installation location is less than 700 mm. On
the barrier, it is allowed to arrange clearances for specialized mechanisms and
specialized equipment to operate (if any).
2.4.3.5. If the barrier has more than one horizontal bar, the distance between two
adjacent bars of the barrier shall not be greater than 300 mm and the top of the barrier
shall have a vertical bar or equivalent structure connecting the ends of the bars
together. If the barrier is made of only one bar, the cross-sectional height of the bar
shall not be less than 120 mm.
2.4.3.6. The outer surface of the barrier is smooth, without sharp corners or edges.
2.4.3.7. Parts permanently attached to the vehicle such as battery boxes, gas cylinders
and tool boxes, provided that they meet the above dimensional requirements, are
considered part of the barrier, the gap between these parts and the barrier shall not be
greater than 150mm.
2.4.3.8. For vehicles whose dimensions or mass exceed the limits specified in item 2.1
or item 2.2 and are capable of being extended, side barriers need not be fitted to the
extended part.

2.5.​ Cargo compartment

2.5.1.​The cargo compartment must have a solid structure, ensuring the safety of the
transported goods, and must not have structures to install details or groups of details
that lead to an increase in cargo volume.
2.5.2.​For vehicles with cargo bed locking components higher than 1950 mm above the
parking surface, the vehicle must have suitable mechanisms to ensure easy opening
and locking of the cargo bed. For dump semi-trailers, the rear wall must not have two
side doors.
2.5.3.​Cargo volume of the tanker truck:
2.5.3.1. The cargo volume of the tanker truck Vt (excluding the volume of the loading
doors) is determined according to the internal geometric dimensions of the tanker and
is not larger than the volume determined by dividing the maximum allowable cargo
weight by the specific density of the type of cargo specified in specialized documents or
according to the value announced by the competent authority or organization. In case
the cargo has a specific density varying within a range of values, the specific density is
recorded according to the average value of the range of variation.
2.5.3.2. For tanks containing liquefied gases that can expand during transportation or
are loaded into tanks under certain pressure and temperature conditions, the cargo
volume Vt is determined according to the manufacturer's announcement but not less
than 0.9Vhh (in which Vhh is the tank volume determined according to the internal
geometric dimensions of the tank).
2.5.3.3. In case there is no document introducing the features and technical parameters
or the value of cargo volume according to the test results differs by more than 10%
compared to the document introducing the features and technical parameters of the
vehicle, the cargo volume of the tanker is determined by the actual measurement
method.
2.5.4. Cargo box size:
Table 3. Cargo dimensions

No. Vehicle Type Hc (m) Ht (m) yv (ton/m3)

1 Dump trailer with a total number of - - ≥ 1,2

axles equal to two and a total mass
allowed to participate in traffic of 10
tons or more; Single-axle dump
semi-trailer.

2 Dump trailers have a total number of - -

axles of three; Dump semi-trailers
have a total number of axles of two.

3 Dump trailers have a total of four - -

axles; Dump semi-trailers have a
total of three axles.

4 Dump trailer has a total number of - - ≥ 1,5

axles equal to five; Dump semi-trailer
has a total number of axles equal to
four.

5 Truck trailers. ≤ 0.3 WT - -

6 Truck semi-trailers. ≤ 0.45 -

7 Covered truck trailers; Closed truck - ≤ 1.15 WT -

 trailers; Insulated truck trailers; except for
Refrigerated truck trailers; vehicles
Covered truck semi-trailers; Closed with a
truck semi-trailers; Insulated truck maximum
semi-trailers; Refrigerated truck design
semi-trailers; gross
and other cargo trailers and weight not
semi-trailers with closed or covered greater
cargo bodies. than 5.0
tons
​
In which:
WT: distance between the contact center of the
two outer rear wheels and the road surface;
Hc: height of the cargo bed side panel;
Ht: height of the cargo bed;
γv: apparent density.

Figure 5. Cargo dimensions

2.5.5. For specialized cargo vehicles, in addition to the requirements in this regulation,
the cargo compartment must satisfy other corresponding technical requirements as
prescribed in legal documents.
2.6.​ Passenger

Passenger compartment, passenger seats, seat belts, luggage compartment, doors,

emergency exits, safety glass on the vehicle and other equipment on the vehicle must
comply with the requirements of QCVN 09:2024/BGTVT "National technical regulations
on technical safety quality and environmental protection for automobiles".
2.7.​ Landing Gear
2.7.1. Semi- trailers shall be equipped with landing gears to support the front of the
vehicle when it is separated from the tractor. The stands shall be capable of
withstanding the load when the vehicle is at its maximum design mass.
2.7.2. The landing gears must have a transmission control mechanism. The
transmission control mechanism is located as follows:
2.7.2.1. On both sides of the semi-trailer if the landing gears are operated
independently;
2.7.2.2. On the right side in the forward direction of the semi-trailer if the landing gears
are operated simultaneously (or the semi-trailer has one landing gear);
2.7.3. Landing gears are not required for low bed semi-trailers (the main floor height no
greater than 1,000 mm above the parking surface) if the design of the vehicle ensures
coupling with the tractor without the use of landing gears.
2.8.​ Connecting, pulling devices and steering mechanisms
2.8.1.​Connecting and pulling devices must be securely installed and ensure sufficient
durability during operation. The locking latch and locking pin must not open by
themselves.
2.8.2.​Trailers with two or more axles shall be provided with a drawbar device to
facilitate attachment and detachment of the trailer from the tractor. The end of the
drawbar shall not come into contact with the road surface when the trailer is detached
from the tractor.

2.8.3.​When the vertical static load on the drawbars of a single-axle trailer is greater
than 500 N, a drawbar lifting mechanism must be provided.
2.8.4.​Trailers with two or more axle assemblies must be provided with a steering
mechanism. For turntable type steering mechanisms, the turntable assembly and the
steering rack must be able to rotate in both directions at an angle of not less than 60’.
2.8.5.​The towing pin of the semi-trailer must meet the following requirements:
2.8.5.1. The size and assembly error margin must comply with current regulations. For
the towing pin size 50 according to TCVN 7475:2005 ''Road vehicles - Towing pin size
50 semi-trailers - Basic dimensions and installation/interchangeability dimensions'', for
the towing pin size 90 according to TCVN 7476:2005 ''Road vehicles - Towing pin size
90 semi-trailers - Interchangeability'';
2.8.5.2. Height of the towing pin's resting surface on the towing pin: the height of the
towing pin's resting surface on the towing tray h (figure 6) of the semi-trailer must not
exceed 1,400 mm when disconnected from the tractor;
 Figure 6. Height of the towing pin's resting surface on the towing pin

2.8.5.3. The radius d from the centerline of the towing pin to the furthest point at the
front of the semi-trailer shall not be greater than 2,040 mm (Figure 7);

Figure 7. Front fitting radius of semi-trailer

2.8.5.4. Radius r3 (Figure 8) from the center of the towing pin to the curved surface of
the semi-trailer floor is no less than 2,300 mm.

Figure 8. Demonstration of the r3 radius

2.9.​ Axles
2.9.1.​Must be of solid construction and designed to be durable under normal operating
conditions.
2.9.2.​Vehicle with lift axle:
2.9.2.1. The vehicle may be equipped with no more than one lifting axle.
2.9.2.2. For vehicles equipped with lifting axles to bear the load:
2.9.2.2.1. The lifting mechanism and the lifting axle control system must be designed
and installed to ensure that the lifting axle automatically lowers when the axle or axle
group adjacent to the lifting axle reaches the maximum allowable axle load and to
ensure that all axles (including the lifting axle) do not exceed the maximum allowable
axle load in any case;
2.9.2.2.2. For vehicles that require the permission of the competent authority when
participating in traffic on public roads, the lifting mechanism and the lifting control
system must be designed and installed to ensure that the lifting shaft automatically
lowers when the shaft or the axle group adjacent to the lifting shaft reaches the
maximum designed axle load and to ensure that all axles (including the lifting shaft) do
not exceed the designed axle load in any case;
2.9.2.2.3. For vehicles designed without a cargo weight, the lifting shaft must
automatically lower when the vehicle is moving (except when reversing);
2.9.2.2.4. The lifting mechanism and the lifting control system must be designed and
installed so that the user cannot interfere or misuse it;
2.9.2.2.5. The mass distributed on the vehicle's axles is determined by calculation or
actual weighing (Appendix B).
2.9.2.3. For vehicles equipped with non-load-bearing lifting axles: with the main
purpose of increasing the vehicle's mobility such as increasing grip when the vehicle
moves on slippery roads, redistributing the load when moving over bridges, weak roads
and having to limit the load on the axle, the total mass of the vehicle is determined with
the fixed axle or axle assembly (excluding the lifting axle).
2.10.​ Wheels
2.10.1. Must have a solid structure and be installed properly.
2.10.2. Tires on the same axle of a vehicle used under normal operating conditions
must be of the same type. The number of tires used and the pressure of each tire must
be sufficient, and the tire specifications (tire size, speed class or velocity, load index or
load capacity of the tire) must meet the vehicle's technical documents and design.
Tires used for vehicles must meet the requirements specified in QCVN 34:2024/BGTVT
"National technical regulation on pneumatic tires for automobiles" or UNECE No.30
(Uniform provisions concerning the approval of pneumatic tires for Motor vehicle and
their trailer) or UNECE No.54 (Uniform provisions concerning the approval of
pneumatic tires for commercial vehicles and their trailers) version equivalent to QCVN
34:2024/BGTVT or newer.
2.10.3. The vehicle must have wheel guards or guards for each wheel group at the front
and the rear of the vehicle if other components do not serve this function (except for
specialized trailers and semi-trailers). The wheel guards must satisfy the following
requirements:
2.10.3.1. Ensure that soil, rocks and other objects below the road surface do not splash
directly onto the vehicle body during operation;
2.10.3.2. The angle created by the parking surface and the plane tangent to the rear
tire and passing through the lowest point of the guard is not greater than 15’;
2.10.3.3. The width of the wheel guards must not be less than the width of the wheels;
2.10.4. For vehicles with spare wheels, the lifting mechanism must not be arranged on
the left side in the direction of the vehicle.

2.11.​ Brake system

2.11.1. Vehicles with a total mass greater than 0.75 tons must be equipped with a main
brake system and a parking brake.
2.11.2. The main brake system and the parking brake must operate independently of
each other.
2.11.3. The main braking system shall have effect on all wheels (not applicable to
modular trailers).
2.11.4. For vehicles equipped with a parking brake system, the parking brake control
mechanism shall be located on the right side of the vehicle in the forward motion
direction or at the rear of the vehicle and shall be easily accessible.
2.11.5. When used, the parking brake system must be capable of maintaining braking
performance without continuous application by the driver.
2.11.6. Brake control linkage between vehicle and trailer:
2.11.6.1. For pneumatic hydraulic brakes: there must be a common pneumatic line;
2.11.6.2. For pneumatic brakes: there must be a pneumatic supply line for the system
and a pneumatic control line;
2.11.6.3. In case the vehicle's brake system has additional auxiliary components such
as ABS, there must be an additional electrical line to control the auxiliary components.
2.11.7. The air reservoir of a vehicle with an air brake system shall satisfy the following
requirements:
2.11.7.1. The valves shall operate normally;
2.11.7.2. When the vehicle is connected to the tractor, after eight full-stroke applications
of the brake pedal of the tractor’s main brake system (without applying the automatic
brake system or parking brake) under the following test conditions, the air pressure in
the reservoir shall not decrease to less than half the pressure at the first brake
application;
2.11.7.3. Test conditions:
The pressure in the air reservoir at the time of the first brake shall be 850 kPa;
Do not add compressed air to the reservoir during the test;
The pressure in the control line must be 750 kPa when the brake pedal is applied.
2.11.8. In the event of no power supply to the vehicle's braking system, the braking
system shall operate automatically.
2.11.9. There must be no leakage of brake fluid or compressed air in the system. The
pipes must be tightly clamped to the vehicle frame and must not be cracked.
2.11.10. Main brake efficiency
2.11.10.1. When testing on the test platform:
Testing mode: The vehicle is connected to a tractor or specialized towing equipment,
the vehicle is in an unloaded state;
Requirement: Total braking force is not less than 50% of total weight distributed on the
vehicle's axles;
The Brake force differential on one axle (between the right and left wheels) cannot be
greater than 25% when determined by the formula:
KSL = (PF large - PF small).100% / PF large;
In which: KSL: brake force deviation on one axle (%);
PFlarge: large braking force;
PFsmall: small braking force
2.11.10.2. When testing on the testing track:
Test mode: the vehicle is connected to a tractor, in an unloaded state;
Test track: flat, dry, clean; asphalt road surface or cement road surface or other road
surface with adhesion coefficient not less than 0.6;
Requirement: braking efficiency is assessed by one of two criteria: braking distance or
maximum braking acceleration and the vehicle must not deviate outside the braking
corridor specified in Table 4.

Table 4 - Service brake efficiency during no-load test

Maximum Initial speed Braking Maximum braking Brake

design speed when braking distance acceleration corridor (m)
Vmax(km/h) (km/h) (1) Sp (m) JPmax (m/s²) (2)
≥ 30 30 ≤9 ≥ 5.4 3

< 30 Vmax ≤9 ≥ 5.4 3

(1) Allowable error during testing: from 0 to +2 km/h

(2) Not applicable to vehicles with dimensions larger than the limit specified in section
2.1 of this Regulation

2.11.11. Parking brake efficiency

2.11.11.1. When testing on a test platform:
Test mode: the vehicle is connected to a tractor or specialized towing equipment, the
vehicle is in an unloaded state;
Requirement: total parking brake force is not less than 16% of the total weight
distributed on the vehicle's axles.
2.11.11.2. When testing on a test slope:
Test mode: vehicle connected to tractor, in unloaded state;
Test slope: flat, dry, clean; asphalt slope or cement slope or other type of slope with
adhesion coefficient not less than 0.6;
Requirement: be able to stop the vehicle at a 20% slope (both uphill and downhill)
when testing on a slope.
2.11.11.3. When testing on the test track (flat road):
Test mode: the vehicle is connected to the support stand, and in an unloaded state;
Test track: flat, dry, clean; asphalt surface or concrete surface or other road surface
with adhesion coefficient not less than 0.6;
Test procedure: activate the parking brake system of the test vehicle, use a tractor or
suitable towing device to pull the test vehicle. The connection diagram of the device
with the test vehicle is shown below (Figure 9);
Requirement: Fp is greater than 16% of the total weight distributed on the vehicle's axles.

Figure 9. Test the parking brake on a flat road.

2.12.​ Suspension system

2.12.1. Able to withstand the load, ensure the durability and smoothness (in the case of
trailers and semi-trailers carrying passengers) necessary when operating on the road.
2.12.2. The details and groups of details of the suspension system must be installed
firmly and ensure vehicle balance. There must be no leakage of compressed air (for air
suspension system) or hydraulic oil (for hydraulic shock absorbers).

2.13.​ Electrical system

2.13.1. Electrical wires must be insulated. Electrical wires must be resistant to
temperature and humidity, must be protected and securely clamped in positions on the
vehicle body to avoid damage due to cutting, grinding or rubbing.
2.13.2. Electrical connectors, terminals and switches must be insulated.
2.13.3. The vehicle must have a connector to connect to the connector of the towing
vehicle and must be of the type with at least 7 poles. For the 7-pole connector type, it
must comply with the Standard TCVN 7479:2005 "Road vehicles - Electrical connector
between towing and towed vehicles - 7-pole connector type 12N (common) used on
vehicles with a nominal voltage of 12V" or TCVN 7480:2005 "Road vehicles - Electrical
connector between towing and towed vehicles - 7-pole connector type 24N (common)
used on vehicles with a nominal voltage of 24V".

2.14.​ Lighting and signal system

2.14.1. The vehicle must be equipped with the following types of lights and signals: rear
turn signals, hazard warning lights, rear position lights (rear size lights), brake lights,
 reverse lights, and rear license plate lights.
2.14.2. Vehicle lights must be securely installed and operate stably when the vehicle is
in operation.
2.14.3. The following lights must be installed in pairs: turn signals, position lights, brake
lights (at least 2 brake lights installed in pairs). The lights forming a pair must comply
with the following requirements:
2.14.3.1. Installed on the vehicle symmetrically about the longitudinal median plane of
the vehicle;
2.14.3.2. Same color.
2.14.4. The lights must comply with the requirements specified in Table 5.

Table 5. Color, minimum quantity, luminous intensity and visual inspection index

No. Light Name Color Min. Luminous Intensity

No. Visual inspection index

Luminous Visual Inspection

Intensity (CD) Index

1 Rear turn signal Yellow / Red 2 50 - 500 Must ensure that the
signal is recognizable
2 Brake light Red 2 60 - 730
at a distance of 20m in
3 Reverse light White 1 (1) 80 - 600 daylight conditions.

4 Rear position Red 2 4 - 42 In daylight conditions,

light (rear size the signal must be
light) recognizable at a
distance of 10m.

5 Rear license White 1 2 - 60 In daylight conditions,

plate light the signal must be
recognizable at a
distance of 10m.

(1) but not more than 2 lights.

 2.14.5. The installation locations of the lights are specified in Table 6.
Table 6. Installation locations of various types of lights
(Unit of size: mm)

No. Light Name Height from parking Distance between Distance from
surface 2 inner edges outer edge of light
of symmetrical to outer edge of
to lower to upper
lights vehicle
edge of edge of
light light

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

1 Rear turn light ≥350 ≤ 1.500 ≥ 600 (400) ≤ 400

(2.100)

2 Rear position light ≥350 ≤ 1.500 ≥ 600 (400) ≤ 400

(2.100)

3 Brake light ≥350 ≤ 1.500 ≥ 600 (400) -

(2.100)

4 Reverse light ≥250 ≤ 1.200 --

- The value in parentheses in column (4) corresponds to some special cases when the
body shape or structure of the vehicle does not allow the installation of lights within the
limited height range.
- The value in parentheses in column (5) corresponds to the case where the vehicle has
an overall width of less than 1,300 mm.

2.14.6. Other requirements:

2.14.6.1. Reverse lights: the reverse lights must come on when the towing vehicle's
gear lever is in reverse and the engine start switch is in a position where the engine can
start. The lights must go off when either of the above two conditions is not met.
2.14.6.2. License plate lights
License plate light should not shine behind the vehicle.
When the trailer's front lights are on, the vehicle's license plate light must also be on
and cannot be turned off with a separate switch.
2.14.6.3. Brake lights
The brake lights must come on when the trailer's main braking system is engaged.
In case of use in combination with rear position lights, the brake lights must be
noticeably brighter than the position lights.
2.14.6.4. Turn signal lights
The turn signals on the same side of the vehicle must flash in phase. Flashing
frequency from 60 times/minute to 120 times/minute.
2.14.6.5. Hazard warning lights: when the switch on the trailer is turned on, the hazard
warning lights must flash simultaneously and at the same frequency. Hazard warning
lights can be used in combination with turn signals. The requirements for installation
location, color, minimum quantity, light intensity and visual inspection criteria of hazard
warning lights are similar to those for turn signals.
2.14.6.6. Vehicle side signal lights, if equipped, must comply with item 6.18.4 of TCVN
6978:2001
2.14.6.7. Do not install lights with white light directed towards the rear of the vehicle
(except reverse lights).

2.15.​ Reflector
The vehicle must be equipped with a reflector at the rear;
The color of the reflector is red;
The shape of the reflector shall not be triangular;
The reflected light of the reflector shall be clearly visible from a distance of 100 m to the
rear of the vehicle when illuminated by the headlamps of other vehicles.

2.16.​ Chassis number: the vehicle must have a chassis number stamped on the
chassis or body frame, except for vehicles manufactured or assembled from vehicles
that already have a chassis number or vehicle identification number (VIN). The chassis
number must comply with the following requirements:
2.16.1. The position and method of inscribing the chassis number must comply with the
requirements on position and method of inscribing the vehicle identification number
specified in TCVN 6580:2000 "Road vehicles - Vehicle identification number (VIN) -
Position and method of inscribing";
2.16.2. The content and structure of the chassis number must meet the requirements
for vehicle identification numbers specified in TCVN 6578:2014 "Road vehicles -
Vehicle identification number (VIN) - Content and structure". The 10th character of the
chassis number must be used to indicate the year of manufacture of the vehicle
according to the Gregorian calendar.

2.17.​ Special requirements for trailers and semi-trailers of mobile homes

2.17.1. No people are allowed in the living area while the vehicle is moving, the living
area can only be used when the vehicle is parked. Objects, accessories, and interior
equipment on the vehicle must not have sharp edges, be positioned and installed
securely, and be able to withstand vibration and impact during movement. Minimum
equipment requirements in the living area include: sleeping space, cooking area, toilet
area, table, chairs, and storage cabins.
2.17.1.1.​ Sleeping space: arranged in the living area. The minimum width for a
sleeping space is not less than 480mm. The sleeping space can be converted from a
seat if it meets the minimum size requirements after conversion.
2.17.1.2.​ Cooking area: can be installed inside or outside the vehicle depending on
the vehicle design. If installed inside the vehicle, it must be in a well-ventilated area,
separate from the sleeping area and have a ventilation system to the outside. The
kitchen equipment must be installed firmly to withstand vibrations during movement.
2.17.1.3.​ Sanitary area: sanitary equipment is permanently installed in the sanitary
area. Waste and wastewater must be collected in containers. There must be at least 3
types of containers on the vehicle:
Waste containers for toilets and urinals;
Tank for other remaining wastewater from toilet and kitchen areas;
Clean water tanks are arranged separately from waste storage tanks;
These containers must be securely installed, have vents, have an anti-overflow
system, have a system of opening and closing valves and a suitable coupling system
for the clean water supply and discharge locations;
The container shell is corrosion-resistant, waterproof, and impact-resistant to
prevent tearing or leakage during use.
2.17.1.4.​ Tables and chairs: The table must be installed in a fixed position. The table
can be disassembled or folded. When the vehicle is moving, the table and chairs must
be securely positioned on the vehicle floor and side walls.
2.17.2. Doors: the vehicle must be equipped with at least one door on the right side or
rear of the vehicle. The minimum dimensions (width x height) are 650 x 1,200 mm.
2.17.3. Electrical systems and electrical equipment in living areas:
2.17.3.1. ​ The electrical system for domestic use must be designed independently
from the vehicle's general electrical system. This system must be equipped with
electrical safety protection devices such as fuses, circuit breakers or other similar
protection devices before connecting to an external power source or an independent
power storage device.
2.17.3.2. ​ The electrical system serving daily life must be calculated and designed in
accordance with the general standards of the national grid system so that it can be
connected if necessary.
2.17.3.3. ​ Solar panels may be installed to provide energy to the living area. In this
case, the electrical system must comply with the solar electrical system standards.
2.17.4. Requirements for fire-fighting equipment on vehicles: vehicles must be
equipped with at least 01 fire extinguisher and securely installed in the living space in a
visible and accessible location.
2.17.5. Requirements for LPG systems for domestic use:
2.17.5.1. Gas pipes must be protected to avoid abrasion when passing through
partitions or vehicle parts. Gas pipes must not pass through sleeping spaces and must
not be installed near flammable components (batteries, vehicle electrical wires).

2.17.5.2. The LPG cylinder system must be securely installed, the LPG cylinder
location must be separate from the living space and properly ventilated. The LPG
cylinder must be inspected according to regulations.
2.17.5.3. Do not connect or use together with the LPG system of the trailer if the trailer
uses LPG fuel.

2.18.​ Special requirements for mobile tent trailers

2.18.1. No people are allowed to be carried while moving, the living area can only be
used when the vehicle is parked. Outdoor equipment must be positioned and installed
securely, and must be able to withstand vibration and impact during movement.
2.18.2. Sleeping space: arranged on the vehicle or extended space when deploying
expansion modules.
2.18.3. Cooking area (if any): can be installed inside or outside the vehicle depending
on the vehicle design. If installed inside the vehicle, it must be in a well-ventilated area,
separate from the sleeping area and have a ventilation system to the outside. The
kitchen equipment must be installed firmly to withstand vibrations during movement.
2.18.4. Sanitary area (if any): sanitary equipment is installed permanently or mobile in
the sanitary area. Waste and wastewater must be collected in containers. These
containers must be securely installed, have vents, have an overflow prevention system,
have a valve system to open and close, and a system that is suitable for the discharge
location.

3. MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS
3.1. Inspection, testing and certification methods: Trailers and semi-trailers
manufactured, assembled and imported must be inspected, tested and certified
according to regulations on technical safety quality and environmental protection for
motor vehicles.
3.2. Technical documents and samples: Domestic manufacturing and assembly
facilities, organizations and individuals importing vehicles are responsible for providing
technical documents and samples for inspection and testing.
3.2.1. For manufactured and assembled vehicles:
3.2.1.1. Information sheet of manufactured and assembled vehicles (with technical
drawings attached) according to the form prescribed in the Circular on procedures for
certifying technical safety and environmental protection quality of motor vehicles,
specialized motorbikes, and motor vehicle spare parts in production and assembly;
3.2.1.2. Copies of certificates of spare parts that must be inspected and certified for use
on vehicles;
3.2.1.3. Copies of technical documents of assemblies, systems, and spare parts used
on vehicles (if any).
3.2.2. For imported vehicles:
3.2.2.1. Information sheet of imported vehicles according to the form prescribed in the
Circular on procedures for certifying the quality of technical safety and environmental
protection of motor vehicles, specialized motorbikes, and spare parts of motor vehicles
in import;
3.2.2.2. Documents introducing the vehicle's features and technical specifications of the
manufacturer ensuring the requirements in the Circular on procedures for certifying the
quality of technical safety and environmental protection of motor vehicles, specialized
motorbikes, and spare parts of motor vehicles in import;
3.2.2.3. Copies of other technical documents of the vehicle and spare parts used for the
vehicle (if any).
3.3. For vehicle types that have been inspected and tested according to the provisions
in Section 3.1 and Section 3.2, a test result report will be issued.
3.4. For vehicles with dimensions and mass larger than the limits specified in Section
2.1 and Section 2.2 of this Regulation, inspection, testing and certification shall still be
carried out according to this Regulation, but the Test Report and Certificate shall clearly
state: this type of vehicle (or this vehicle) has dimensions and/or mass exceeding the
maximum allowable limit.
3.5. For vehicles designed and manufactured not to participate in traffic on public
roads, inspection, testing and certification shall still be carried out according to this
Regulation, but the Test Report and Certificate shall clearly state: this type of vehicle (or
this vehicle) does not participate in traffic on public roads.
3.6. For modular trailers: inspection, testing and issuance of Certificates shall be
carried out in the form of single modules. In case the modules have the ability to be
joined together, the Test Report and Certificate shall clearly state: The modules are
interlocking and can be connected together and when connected into a group, the
manufacturer's instructions must be followed.
3.7. When combining vehicles for calculation, inspection and testing, the maximum
allowable total mass and maximum allowable dimensions of the vehicle combination
(vehicle pulling a trailer or vehicle pulling a semi-trailer) must comply with the provisions
of Circular No. 39/2024/TT-BGTVT (except in cases where the vehicle has dimensions
and mass larger than the limits specified in Section 2.1 and Section 2.2 of this
Regulation).
3.8. The regulations for chassis numbers in section 2.16 do not apply to imported
vehicles.
3.9. Testing the main brake efficiency in section 2.11.10 and the parking brake
efficiency in section 2.11.11 is performed as follows (applicable to testing, testing of
sample products and factory inspection):
3.9.1. Testing on a test bench for vehicles with dimensions and mass not exceeding the
maximum allowable limits specified in sections 2.1 and 2.2 of this Regulation.
3.9.2. Testing on a test bench or on a test track or a combination of a test bench and a
test track for vehicles whose dimensions or mass exceed the maximum allowable limits
specified in Section 2.1 and Section 2.2 of this Regulation.

4. IMPLEMENTATION
4.1. The Vietnam Register is responsible for implementing this Regulation.
4.2. Vehicle types that have received registration documents for inspection, testing
registration documents, and certification registration documents before the effective
date of this Regulation shall continue to be inspected, tested, and certified according to
regulations on technical safety quality and environmental protection for motor vehicles
at the time of receipt.
4.3. Technical safety and environmental protection quality test reports issued before the
effective date of this Regulation and technical safety and environmental protection
quality test reports issued under Clause 4.2 of this Article shall continue to be used to
certify technical safety and environmental protection quality after the effective date of
this Regulation.
4.4. Spare parts specified in Sections 2.6 and 2.10.2 of this Regulation that have been
granted a Certificate shall continue to be used until the expiration date stated on the
Certificate for production, assembly and use to certify technical safety quality and
environmental protection after the effective date of this Regulation.
4.5. In case the legal documents and documents cited in this Regulation are amended,
supplemented or replaced, the amended, supplemented or replaced legal documents
and documents shall be implemented.
 Appendix A
Turning capacity of vehicle combination

A.1.​ Turning capacity of vehicle pulling semi-trailer

A semi-trailer truck must be able to turn in both left and right directions within a plane
bounded by two concentric circles (ring shape) with an outer radius R not greater than
12.5 m and an inner radius r not less than 5.3 m under the following test conditions:
When the semi-trailer truck enters the ring, no part of the semi-trailer exceeds 0.8 m
from the tangent line. (Figure 10).

TURNING LEFT​ ​ ​ ​ ​ TURNING RIGHT

Figure 10. Turning of the semi-trailer truck combination

A.2.​ Turning ability of a vehicle pulling a trailer

A.2.1. A vehicle pulling a trailer must be able to move easily within a circle with a radius
of 25m under the following test conditions: the vehicle is within the circle, the vehicle is
accelerated to a speed of 20 km/h, there is no slipping between parts of the vehicle
causing difficulty for the driver.
A.2.2. The difference between the radii R2 and R1 must not be greater than 70 cm
(Figure 11), in which R1 and R2 are determined as follows: let the vehicle turn at a
steady speed of 5 km/h and the frontmost edge of the towing vehicle lies on a circle
with a radius of 25 m, determine the trajectory of the leftmost point of the trailer (in the
direction of movement) as a circle with a radius of R1. Perform the same test at a
speed of 25 km/h ± 1 km/h to determine R2.
 Figure 11. Turning of a car-trailer combination

A.2.3. Let the vehicle move steadily at a speed of 25 km/h and the front outer edge of
the towing vehicle lies on a circle with a radius of 25 m, then maintain the same speed
and go out of the circle along a straight line that is tangent to the circle, requiring:
From point A to point B, no part of the trailer must extend more than 50 cm from
this tangent line (figure 12).
After point B, the trailer must move without excessive deviation or abnormal
vibration that affects the operation of the tractor steering system.

Figure 12. Turning of the trailer-car combination

 Appendix B
Principles of calculating and recording volume
B.1.​ ​ Principles of calculation, determination and recording
B.1.1. The maximum allowable axle load and total mass of the vehicle and vehicle
combination are prescribed by the competent authority.
B.1.2.​Loading principles
B.1.2.1. Loading principles for cargo vehicles: goods loaded on the vehicle must be
evenly distributed according to regulations.
B.1.2.2. Loading principles for tank trucks: load the correct type of cargo (or use water
as a substitute if appropriate) evenly into all cargo compartments of the tank truck.
B.1.3.​Principles for determining calculated wheelbase (Lcs), rear length (ROH): stated
in section 2.1.4 of this Regulation. In case the axle cluster has different distances
between two adjacent axles, choose the smaller axle distance value to determine the
maximum allowable axle load.
B.2.​ Calculation method to determine and record
B.2.1. Method 1:
B.2.1.1. ​ Calculation by static moment balance equation method, using mass values
and coordinates of the center of gravity of the participating components to calculate
according to the maximum allowable axial load values.
B.2.1.2.​ The center of gravity of the cargo is determined according to the loading
principles stated in section B.1.2 of this Appendix.
B.2.1.3.​ The maximum allowable total mass of a semi-trailer is calculated according
to the principles stated in section B.1.1 of this Appendix (select the smallest value of
one of the values calculated according to the maximum allowable value of: the
semi-trailer, the combination of a tractor with a semi-trailer and the tractor used for
calculation).
B.2.2. Method 2:
B.2.2.1. Load according to the principles stated in section B.1.2 of this Appendix until
the actual weighing result reaches one of the maximum allowable axle load or total
mass values stated in section B.1.1 of this Appendix and record the maximum
allowable total mass value that meets the requirements. This method is applied in the
following cases:
B.2.2.1.1. In case the center of gravity of the goods cannot be determined;
B.2.2.1.2. In case the axle assembly has three or more axles, one of which is the Lift
Axle is adjustable, the maximum allowable axle load value of this axle assembly is
determined according to the principles stated in section B.1.1 of this Appendix but must
not be greater than 8,000 kg on one axle;
B.2.2.1.3. In case of a double axle assembly with one of the two axles being an
adjustable lift axle, the maximum allowable axle load value of this axle assembly is
determined according to the principles stated in section B.1.1 of this Appendix but must
not be greater than 9,000 kg on one axle.