PERSONAL WRITING - English Form 1 Functional Writing

Notes

 Diaries
o Diaries to Record What is Planned to be Done
o Diaries for Recording the Daily Observation
 Addresses
o Addresses in Letters
 Packing Lists
o How to Start

Diaries
A diary is a written record of things that happen each day.

It is also a record of things you plan to do per day and the time you plan to
do so.

A diary is also the book in which you write down things that happen to you
on daily basis.

Diaries to Record What is Planned to be Done

Here, we record things we plan to do.

Let us look at the sample below:

Diaries for Recording the Daily Observation

Diary,
I started writing my first poem. I thought of what to write and by lunch time,
an idea crossed my mind. I decided to write about corruption. I entitled it
“Another Bond - Eurobond”. I had a lot to write about it. As I write now, my
dear, I have completed writing it. Hopefully, I will write another one before
the week ends. I will inform you about it once that is done. Bye

Addresses
An address is a superscription of a letter directing who the letter is meant to
reach.

The writer also writes their address in the letter to allow for the reply.

An address is written on an envelop, letter, or package.

Addresses in Letters
Address format vary according to the type of letter written.
Even though they are written differently, there are common features such
as:

 The post office box number

 The postcode
 The street, road, or building where the post office is located
 The city or town
 The country

There are two formats of writing addresses:

 Block format
 Indented format

Block Format
Address written in a block.

Paragraphs also blocked.

An example is
KAMBOGO FOOD AND BEVERAGE,
P.O BOX 555-35400,
KAMBOGO – KENYA.

Indented Format
Written on a slant.

The paragraphs in the letter are also indented.

An example is:
MAMBOGO FOOD AND BEVERAGES,
P.O. BOX 555-35400,
KILIMAMBOGO – KENYA.

Exercise
Write each of the addresses below as they would appear on your envelope:

a. Migori Polytechnic-40400- P.O. Box 654- The Principal-Kenya- Migori

b. Kenya Labour-The Director-30210- P.O. Box 90100- Kenya- Nairobi

Packing Lists
At times you find yourself forgetting something when packing for a trip.
It is important to get organized.

Writing a packing list will be key in ensuring no item intended to be carried

during a trip is forgotten.

A packing list is therefore a checklist for what to bring along with them.

To make the most out of your trip you have to pack the right items.

What you pack will highly depend on factors such as:

 The place you are visiting. If for example, you are visiting a place where it is
hot, there will be no need of carrying heavy clothes.
 Means of transport. There is a limit to what one should carry depending on
the weight.
 Number of days.
 The reason for visiting. For example if going on a camp, you need carry
camping gear.

How to Start

 Get a piece of paper and a pen and write “PACKING LIST”. This forms part of
the title. The other part is the place to visit.
 Write number of days. It is advisable to do this as it will help you tell how
many clothes you will need. It might not sound good to carry only two
underpants, for example, if the trip will last a week.
 Draw a table with columns containing item category, item, quantity, and
description. The various item categories are:
Entertainment list, for example, CDs, Radio, etc.
Clothing List, for example, underpants, skirts, etc.
Camping Gear, for example, sleeping bag,
Toiletries, for example, toothpaste, soap, etc.
 In that table fill all the items and all its columns appropriately.

Exercise

You are Manchester City Football club Player. During one of the summer
holidays, your club go for a 5 day camp to a very hot place in United Arab
Emirates. Here, no beddings are provided. Write a packing list of all the
items you would carry with you to this trip.

SOCIAL WRITING - English Form 1 Functional Writing Notes

 Informal Letters
 o How to Write Informal Letters
o The Language of Informal Letters

Informal Letters

 Usually written to people known to people you know fairly well. These can be
friends and relatives.
 Also referred to as friendly letters.
 They are meant to:
o Give news;
o Request information;
o Congratulate people;
o Ask questions; or
o Give advice.

How to Write Informal Letters

- An informal letter has such elements as:

 Sender’s address. Write your address here. Example,

MAALIK AHMED
P.O. BOX 6454-90800
KITALE
 Date when the letter is written.
 Salutation. Example,
Dear Timothy,
 Body. Write the body of the text. Include greetings, news, other questions,
etc.
 Closing. Sign of with your name. example,
See you soon,
Denis

- The table that follows is of a format of an informal letter blended with

explanations:

The Format Explanation

At the top right hand corner, write your address. For example,
Keicy Kimito
Address
P.O. Box 567
RONGO

Below the writer’s address, is the date. For example,

Date
13th December, 2015
 Written on the left hand side of the letter. Start with:

c. Dear ………. ,
e.g. Dear Drinkwater,
Salutation d. Dearest………, or My Dear……., ( for close friends and relatives)
Example,
Dearest Drinkwater,
Or
My Dear Drinkwater,

You may ask about the recipient’s health. For example,

 How is your family?

Opening Paragraph
 How are you Njuguna? I hope that you and your family are in the pink.
 I am fine and I hope you are as fit as a fiddle.

This is where:

 You mention your main reason for writing (paragraph 2)

 Give the news
 Ask questions
Content Paragraphs
You can start with:

 I am writing this letter to…

It is proper to inform your recipient that you are ending the letter. Some
phrases you can use are:

 Do write me soon.
Closing Paragraph  Please convey my warm regards to…
 Allow me to pen off here.
 Hope to receive a reply from you.
 Bye/ Goodbye

Closing Sign off with your name. you can sign off using:

 Your loving friend,

 Yours lovingly,
 Yours affectionately,
 Your nephew,
 Yours sincerely,
 Keep in touch,
 Your name should follow. Your first name is preferred

The Language of Informal Letters

 The language used is simple as well as friendly.

 You can use contractions such as I’m, won’t, you’re, etc.

Sample Friendly Letter

Brigit Annabel
P.O BOX 454—40400
SUNA- MIGORI
5th September, 2019
Dear James,
Hi James! Hope you are fine back there in Rongo. My sister and I are very much fine.
I’m just writing to let you know I quit my old job and found something new in Migori
town.
I was really fed up with working at Banana Academy as there was little work enough
to challenge me anymore. You know me; if there is no enough, I get bored too easily
and have to find something new.
I’m now teaching at Sunsun in Migori and the kind of work I do suits me to the
ground. I teach two candidate classes. The work here is not only challenging, but it
is rewarding as well. I know you will find it hard to believe… but you just have to.
That is not all for now! I’m getting married in a couple of weeks. He is working in the
neighbouring school. So many promises I hope he will fulfill he has not stopped to
give. I also find him the best among the many. When the time comes I believe you
will come and celebrate with us.
Keep in touch,
Brigit

Exercise
You have recently joined another school. Write a letter to your friend. In your letter

 Explain why you changed school

 Describe your new school
 Tell him/her your other news

INSTITUTIONAL WRITING - English Form 1 Functional

Writing Notes

 Public Notices
 o Public Notice Format
o Sample Public Notice
 Inventories
o A Sample Inventory.

Public Notices

 A public notice is a notice given to provide information for the public that is
widespread in a wide geographical area via media.
 They are mostly placed in newspapers by businesses, county and national
government, and individuals.
 They include:
o Unclaimed property
o Wanted person
o Dangerous person
o Government contracts
o Aunction
o Foreclosures, etc.

Public Notice Format

The parts of a public notice include among others:

 Name of the organization/institution. Letterhead is preferred.

 Then write/type “PUBLIC NOTICE”.
 The topic/theme/subject. Let the public know what you want to inform them
about.
 Date, time, and venue(if need be).
 Picture to reinforce the message.
 Name of the writer of the notice and the job position(and signature, for the
more formal ones)

Sample Public Notice

In the notice above, a picture of the plot can be included.

Inventories

e. An inventory is a complete list of items such as equipment,property, goods in

stock, or even the contents of a particular place.
f. A list of things possessed by a person or company.
g. It is a good idea to keep the records of items owned by a person or company.
h. An inventory will have the following basic elements:
a. Name of the institution. Name of the person, if individually possessed.
b. Date when the records are taken.
c. Item number
d. Item category
e. Item
f. Quantity of items
g. Description of the item
h. Approximate value of the item
i. The name and designation of the person keeping the records.

A Sample Inventory.

Exercise
You are St. Monica’s Mission Hospital Resource Manager. At this hospital, records of
items in it are kept at the end of every August. Write the inventory of all the items
here.

INSTITUTIONAL WRITING - English Form 2 Functional

Writing Notes

 Business Letters
o Business Letters Format
o Sample Business Letter
 Posters
o How to Create Posters
 Advertisements
o How to Create an Advertisement

Business Letters

 Usually from one organization/company/institution to another, or between

such and their customers and other external parties.
 A business letter is any letter with two addresses, salutation, RE, and ends
with a sinature, and whose contents are professional in nature.
 It is more formal than personal letters.
 You must have the formatting down.
 Some types of business letters are:
o Sales letters
o Order letters – sent by consumers or businesses to manufacturers,
retailers or wholesalers to order goods and services. The contents
include quantity, name, etc of the product.
o Complaint letters – use a tone that will make your complaint be
satisfied.
o Inquiry letters. Written to elicit information from the recipient.
o Letters of Recommendation. Usually written by previous employer
describing the sender’s relationship with and opinion of the job seeker.
o Others include: cover letters, acknowledgment letters, letters of
resignation, follow-up letters, and adjustment letters.

Business Letters Format

 There are two layouts of business letters: Block and Indented layouts.
 When you choose to use block layout, all the information is written flush left.
o Provide your address first.
o Then skip one line and provide the date.
 o Skip one more line and provide the inside address of the addressee.
o Note that when using letterhead, there is no need of writing your
address. Only begin with the date.
o Skip yet another line and write salutation. This is followed by a colon.
Comma is used for personal correspondence.
o Write “RE” and write the subject.
o Write the body. Skip lines between the paragraphs.
o After the body, write complementary close, followed by a comma, sign,
then type your name and title(only if applicable)
 When you choose to use indented layout:
o Your address appears on the right.
o Date on the right.
o Addressee’s address, salutation on the left.
o Typing do not start from the flush left.
o No skipping lines between paragraphs.
o Type the closing and signature in the center.

Note: Block format looks professional.

Sample Business Letter

Kamato Academy,
P.O. Box 789 – 20100,
OGONGO – KENYA.
January 3rd, 2016.
The Director,
Kamato Academy,
P.O. B ox 789 – 20100,
OGONGO – KENYA.
Dear Ms Jane,
RE: RESIGNATION FROM KAMATO ACADEMY
I am writing to provide formal notice of my resignation from Kamato Academy. My
last day will be 31st January this year.

I trust four weeks is sufficient notice for you to find a replacement for my position. I
would be pleased to help train the person you choose to take my place before I
finally leave.

Thank you for offering me the job for the past two years. My experience as a
teacher, head of various departments and patron of clubs and societies here has
been positive and I am confident that I will use most of the skills I have learnt at
Kamato Academy in future.
If you have any concerns, please let me know. I will be more willing to listen to you.

All the best,

[sign]
D’Matteo Kichapo
TEACHER ASSISTANT

Posters

i. A poster is any piece of printed paper designed to be attached to a vertical

surface e.g. a wall.
j. A poster is intended to convey message at the same time appeal to the
audience.
k. A poster can be professionally used for advertisements, announcements, or
to share information.
l. A poster can focus on topics like:

a. Child labour

b. Drug abuse

c. Corruption

d. Prostitution

e. Domestic violence

f. Road accident, etc.

How to Create Posters

 Find a good idea for a poster. You can focus on cars, sports, etc.
 Create an image or picture with a clearly inspiration point. If for example,
talking about child labour, one can draw a child working in the fields, and
being whipped.
 Balance between the picture and the writings.
 Emphasize the most important information. You can write them in different
ink, or underline them.
 The picture/image and the writing should be within the borderline.
 Be concise.
Activity
Let the students choose any of the topics above and design their posters in groups.
Ensure there is a balance between the picture and the words. After they finish, allow
them pin their posters on the wall.
Exercise
The habit of shirking assignments in your class has become rampant. You don’t like
it and you want to design a poster to warn your classmates against it. Design that
poster.

Advertisements

 First impression is very important and there is usually no second chance at

making a good first impression.
 An advertisement should catch the attention within seconds – if it doesn’t,
then it is considered failed.
 It is crucial to showcase your product in a very clever way.

How to Create an Advertisement

 Grab the attention of the audience by coming up with a tagline that is catchy.
You can consider using:
o Humour
o Rhyme
o Puns
o Metaphor
o Alliteration, etc
 Type the name of the business.
 Have a picture to reinforce your message.
 Balance between the picture and the wordings.

Activity
Let the students design their own adverts. They can advertise things like;

 New books
 New brand of pen
 Anything
PERSONAL WRITING - English Form 2 Functional Writing
Notes

 Personal Journals
o Contents of a Personal Journal
o Sample Personal Journal
 Shopping Lists
o Contents of a Shopping List
o Sample Shopping List

Personal Journals

 A personal journal is a record of individual’s impression of a given event,

occurrence or a person.
 Record what strikes you the most.
 What you record could have happened to you or to others.

Contents of a Personal Journal

 Date
 Day
 At times, the calendar
 Entry
Sample Personal Journal

Shopping Lists

m. A shopper needs to write a list of all the items to be purchased.

n. Written before a shopping trip to a shop, grocery, or supermarket.
o. Writing a shopping list will help cut down on money wastage and time for
thinking on what to buy while at the shopping center.

Contents of a Shopping List

 A shopping list contains the following:

o Title. A title must have what the shopping is intended for and the
words “shopping list”.
o Budgeted amount. Write how much you have at hand to do shopping.
Don’t use more than what you have. Budget carefully. You can’t also
remain with a certain amount. If you are left with too much from what
you were to use, it will also mean you don’t know how to budget.
o Item category. Items are normally put under different categories. It is a
good idea to group related items together for ease in shopping. Items
are categorized as;
 Snacks e.g. cake, chips, etc.
 Toiletries e.g. soap, toothpaste, tissue papers, etc.
  Foodstuff
 Drinks/beverages
 Electronics
 Clothing
 And others
o Item. Write items under the right category.
o Description. Write the type of item you want. Prices might also be
different. If for example you want to buy juice, write the type you want,
for instance, savanna, pineapple. Their prices vary.
o Quantity. Say how many or how much you need to buy. If a liquid use
mililitres, litres etc. if solid, grams, kilograms, will do.
o Price. The amount to be spent on each item is written in this column.
o Total. Write the amount in total to spend. Never spend more than
budgeted for.

More creative individuals add to their shopping lists:

 Expected balance/change
 Where shopping to be done. For example: shopping to be done at Uchumi
Supermarket.
 Who to do shopping, among other things.

Sample Shopping List

N
ITEM CATEGORY ITEM QUANTITY DESCRIPTION PRICE IN KSH.
O

Exercise books 8-200 pages Crown 800

Ruler 2 Helix 100
1 Stationery
Mathematical set 1 Oxford 300
Pens 10 Bic 200

Blouse 1 Short sleeved 500

Skirt 1 Dark grey 500
2 Clothing
Cardigan 1 Indigo one 600
Neck tie 1 Red stripped 200

Blossoms of the
600
Savannah
3 Books Set Books 3 500
Memories we lost
600
Chozi la Heri

Soda 3-1 Litre Coke 300

4 Drinks
Juice 2L Delmonte 300

5 Snacks Crackers 50g Chez it 110

Cookies 100g Oreo 200
 Pretzel 100g Bold Gold 200

TOTAL 6010

Expected Balance Sh. 90

Exercise
You are form two class prefect. Your class is throwing the end of the year class party.
Before this happens, there is contribution by all the class members. If the total
amount raised is sh. 9 000 which you are supposed to budget for, prepare the
shopping list of the item you would buy.

SOCIAL WRITING - English Form 2 Functional Writing Notes

 Invitations
o Invitation Cards
o Invitation Letters

Invitations

 Sending invitations is the appropriate way to communicate to your guest

what is it that you are celebrating and what the event is all about.
 There are two types of invitations:
o Informal invitations
o Formal invitations
 Invitations also take form of: invitation cards or invitation letters.

Invitation Cards

 They are designed to invite individuals to various ceremonies and parties.

 When designing an invitation card remember to :
o Provide the name of the host for the party.
o Extend the invitation by choosing appropriate formal wording, such as,
“request your presence” or less formal wording, such as “totally invites
you”.
o Include honorifics (Dr./Mr./Ms/ etc.) before the guest’s name especially
if formal.
o Answer the question “what?” Tell the guest what the event is for. Is it
for birthday party, wedding party, birth of a new baby, fundraising etc.
if, for example, it is a birthday party ensure you tell them who is it for
and age the person is celebrating. By the same token, if it is
graduation, tell them who it is for and mention the education milestone
they completed. The purpose of the event is stated clearly.
 o Be clear about the date and time of the event. Day of the week should
also be included. Example Saturday, 16th May 2016 at 4.00 pm.
o Be clear on the venue. Tell them where the party will be held. If the
party is held off-site (not where is known to all), you can even give
directions.
o Write “RSVP”. Under this, write the name of the people to be contacted
and their contact details.
o You can write the phone number to allow them contact you so as to
inform you ahead of time whether or not they will be attending. RSVP
is French abbreviation for “respondez sil’vous plait” which simply
means “please respond”.
o Give instructions to your recipients on for example, how to dress, or
bring something, if to bring another guest, or any other thing to do.
o You can also include the teaser. Include something that will drive them
to the party even before the actual day. You can mention things like
drinks, dance, etc. These make them looking towards attending the
party.
o Include simple but a picture that ties with the party. You can have a
picture of a cake if birthday party.

Sample Invitation Card

Informal Invitation Card

Because you have believed in

Them,
Celebrated with them
Loved and encouraged them,

We, Ruth Kimani and John Kimani

Ask you to join us in honouring our
Children

Jenifer Wanjiku
And
Joseph Njoroge

As they celebrate the beginning of

Their adventures together
On Saturday, January 11th , 2016
 At 9.00 am

Ceremony followed by dinner,

Drinks, and awkward but
Enthusiastic dancing

RSVP:
Mr. john Kimani or Ms Ruth Kimani
Mobile: 0711111111 Mobile:
0712121212

Formal Invitation Card

THE FAMILY OF MR AND MRS KAIMOSI

Calls for the contentment of

Mr/Mrs/Ms/Eng/ ……………………………………………..

Company

At the marriage of
Arsenal Chelsea and Migingo Island

On Saturday, the second of January; 2016

at half past 4.00 in the evening

At their Kasarani home

Eat as you wish, dine as you like
Leave as you please

Mr Kaimosi Mrs. Kaimosi

[email protected] Phone:
0716602808

Invitation Letters

p. An invitation letter, normally business, is written to invite people to various

events, such as, seminars, conferences, and many other functions.
q. It takes the format of other business letters.
r. In an invitation letter one should include the details required. Only the
pertinent information regarding the event should be included.
s. They are written to invite:
a. A resource person to school
b. Teachers, students, etc to seminars, conferences, drama festivals, etc
Elements of Invitation Letters

 An invitation letter will include things like:

o Brief description of the institution/ organization. Let the recipient know
what you do and to know whether you have the right to hold such an
event.
o Include all the pertinent information.

Sample
Jehova Jireh School,
P.O. Box 2345 – 30456,
BETHLEHEM –PALESTINE.
February 6th, 2016.
The Chairperson,
NACADA,
P.O. Box 966 – 40500,
NEBUCHADNEZER – CANAAN.
Dear Mr. Herod:
RE: INVITATION TO GIVE A TALK ON DRUG ABUSE
On behalf of Environmental Club, Jehova Jire School, it is my pleasure to extend the
invitation to our school parents’ day in the school refectory on Friday, 6th March,
2016 at 9.00 am. You are invited to give a talk on drug abuse.
Jehova School is one of the three schools in Bethlehem in which students have
continued to abuse drugs. However, most of them are ready to respond to what
they are told on dangers of hard drugs. Environmental club has been given the
power to curb the use of such drugs.

I do hope you will be able to confirm your attendance to this invitation. We look
forward to your presence at this big day.
Yours sincerely,
[sign]
Abraham Father Luke – ENVIRONMENTAL CLUB CHAIR

PUBLIC WRITING - English Form 2 Functional Writing Notes

 Telephone Messages
 Filling Forms
o Sample Form
 Letters of Apology
 o How to Write a Letter of Apology

Telephone Messages

 People who work in offices often answer phones for others especially in their
absence.
 When you answer such calls, you need to take the messages for them.
 The telephone messages have the following elements:
o Name of the person the caller wanted to talk to.
o The name of the caller.
o Date and time of the call.

o Telephone number of the caller.

o Details of the message. Here you write something like: She called to
ask whether you will attend the fundraising ceremony at Migingo Hotel.
o The name of the receiver of the call.

Look at the telephone note pad below.

SUKUMA WIKI HIGH SCHOOL

TELEPHONE MESSAGE NOTE PAD

DATE: ____________________________

TIME : __________________ AM/PM

TO____________________________

FROM: _______________________________

TELEPHONE: ___________________________

TELEPHONED PLEASE CALL

CAME TO SEE YOU WILL CALL AGAIN

WANTS TO SEE YOU URGENT

RETURNED YOUR SPECIAL

CALL ATTENTION

MESSAGE:_______________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________

RECEIVED BY_____________________________

Exercise
Your name is Elliot Kumo. As the youth leader in your ward, you have the
responsibility of ensuring the garbage in your area are collected by the company
known as Matakataka Chafu Garbage Collectors. One day they fail to do that and
you decide to call the manager to complain about this and that they should bring
the truck the next day to pick up the garbage. Unfortunately, the secretary called
Amina Salim picks the call. In a telephone message note pad, write the message
Amina will take.
Answer

Filling Forms

 Filling forms might seem easy to majority of people but this is usually not the
case.
 To fill the form as required, you need to consider the points below:
o Go through the whole form before you start filling it in.
o Read the instructions and ensure you understand them.
o Fill one section at a time to avoid confusion.
o Fill all the blanks unless stated for official use only.

Sample Form
EMBE DODO MIXED SECONDARY SCHOOL

(Email: [email protected], phone: 073666666, Website: www.embedodo.go.ke)

‘Making future from the present’

STUDENT’S ADMISSION FORM

INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS

t. Use black ink only.

u. Fill all the blanks you are required to.
v. Complete each section in BLOCK letters.

(a) Student’s Personal Details

Student’s Name: ………………………………………………………………………

Date of Birth: …………………………………………………………………………..
Gender: …………………………………
Religion: …………………………………..

Name and classes of brother(s)/sister(s) in school

Brother’s/Sister's Name Brother’s/Sister's Class

(b) Parent’s Details

Parent/Guardian’s Name: ………………………………………

Profession: …………………………………………………………
Address: ……………………………………………………………
Mobile Number: ………………………………………………….

(c) Academic Details

Class in which Admission is sought: ………………………

KCPE Marks: …………………………………………………………
Last Term Grade: …………………………………………………

(d) Health

Have you been diagnosed with cancer or HIV/AIDS? Yes/No

If yes for how long
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Do you suffer from any heart disease? Yes/No

(e) Declaration

I declare that what I have written here is the true and I am responsible for any eventuality that might
result from this.

Sign: ______________________________
Name: _____________________________
Date: ______________________________
(f) For Official use only

Qualified for admission: _________________________

Remarks:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Signature of the officer: _________________________________________

Letters of Apology

 We all make mistakes from time to time. When that happens, it is worthwhile
that the situation be mended early.
 One way to mend the situation is by writing a letter apologizing for the wrong
done.
 A letter of apology is written in order to:
o Lay out your mistakes clearly;
o Ask for forgiveness;
o Exhibit regret;
o Provide assurances for change; and
o Allow for building of relationships.
 When writing a letter of apology:
o Begin the letter by saying you are apologizing.
o Admit you were wrong and accept the responsibility.
o Offer a way you can help resolve the situation.
o Reassure the person that you will do your best to prevent the problem
from occurring again.
o Tell the person you are looking forward to rebuilding the damaged
relationship.
o Apologize again to close the letter.
o Be sincere.

How to Write a Letter of Apology

STEP EXPLANATION EXAMPLE

1 Say you are sorry I am writing to apologize for coming late to school.
 Clearly state the
My brother was recently admitted at the hospital. This morning no one
problem.
2 was left at home with my youngest sibling. She was cryingand I had to
Explain as much as you
first wait for any of my relatives to come.
can what went wrong.

Try to solve the problem. To mend this, I promise to come early from tomorrow. I will let my
3 Give examples of how parents know that the next time they leave they should leave someone
you can do this. behind to babysit the child.

Again, I am sorry for reporting late. I hope that we can put this issue
4 Apologize again
behind us. I look forward to rebuilding the relationship.

Exercise
One of the school rules state: “ONLY English and Kiswahili are the official languages
to use at school”. The school head of Languages department has caught you
speaking in your mother tongue. Write him the letter, apologizing for your action.
Answer
KEMBOI HIGH SCHOOL,
P.O. BOX 434 – 30300,
ELDORET – KENYA.
14th January, 2016.
THE HEAD OF DEPARTMENT – LANGUAGES,
KEMBOI HIGH SCHOOL,
P.O. BOX 434 – 30300,
ELDORET – KENYA.
Dear Mr. Kipchoge:
RE: APOLOGY FOR SPEAKING IN MOTHER TONGUE
I am sorry for breaking one of the school rules.
I knew that speaking in mother tongue is prohibited at school, when I spoke it. I am
deeply sorry for acting as though I am above the rules everyone should follow. It
was impolite to both you and the other teachers.
I promise to obey all the school rules now that I have learnt that no one is above the
school rules. It was inappropriate of me to speak the language not acceptable at
school. I know that punishment meted on me is completely deserved.

Once again, I am sorry for my stupid behavior. I will from now on speak in the two
official languages. I hope our differences have been put behind us and that our
relationship remains undamaged.
Yours Sincerely,
[signature]
Kimita Keino
FORM 2 STUDENT

PERSONAL WRITING - English Form 3 Functional Writing

Notes

 Reminders
o Sample Reminder 1
o Sample Reminder 2

Reminders

 We keep track of everything we need to do.

 Your reminder will help you get things done by including relevant information
like phone numbers.
 A reminder helps one remember important occasions and appointments.

Sample Reminder 1
REMINDER

APPOINTMENT WITH MR. KANJIRA

DATE: 11th February, 2016

TIME: 4.15 p.m.

PLACE: Staffroom

I will be having an appointment in the staffroom with Mr. Kanjira. To carry with me are:

 Two pens (blue and black)

 Notebook

I should be punctual.

Sample Reminder 2

MY REMINDER

DAY DATE TIME EVENT PLACE

Saturda
13th March 3.00 pm Pschology Lectures Room 45
y

Friday 19th March 2.00 pm Appointment with Dr James St Joseph’s Hospital

Guidance
Monday 22nd March 8.00 am College chapel
and counselling lesson

Tuesday 23rd March 4.30 pm Shopping TRM

SOCIAL WRITING - English Form 3 Functional Writing Notes

 Notes of Thanks
o Elements of a Thank You Note
o Sample Thank You Note
 Congratulatory Notes
o The Dos When Writing Congratulations Note
o Steps to Writing Congratulatory Notes
 Condolences Notes
o Steps to Writing Condolence Notes
 Telegrams
o Features.
o Sample Telegram

Notes of Thanks

 A Thank You Note is thoughtful way to express your gratitude and

appreciation for someone who has done something great for you.
 The note doesn’t have to be long to be meaningful. Your thoughts count
more.

Elements of a Thank You Note

 Date
 Salutation
 Personalizing the note. Think of one or two specific instances when you were
helped by the person.
 Concluding the note. Say thank you again to the person.
 Sign

Sample Thank You Note

9th April, 2016
Dear Ms Becky,

I am writing to thank you for everything you did last year to help me prepare for my exams.

I really appreciated when you asked me to be coming to see you whenever I had difficulty in your
subject. You also advised me to work harder in class.
But more than that, you guided me on how to answer questions in the exams.

All the support you gave me helped me receive the grade I have received. I could have never received
anything near this grade without you. Thank you.

Sincerely,
Murkomen Abdi

Congratulatory Notes

w. We always recognize the accomplishments by others.

x. Writing a congratulatory note adds warmth to the relationships.
y. We write congratulations notes incase of the following achievements:
a. Promotion(job, class)
b. Retirement
c. Graduation
d. New title
e. New job
f. Scholarship
g. Successful speech
h. Birth
i. Engagement
j. Marriage
k. Winning competition

The Dos When Writing Congratulations Notes

 Write soon after hearing the news.

 Use the word “congratulations” early.
 Tell the person how impressed you are.
 Express your wishes for the person’s continued success.

Steps to Writing Congratulatory Notes

STEP EXPLANATION EXAMPLE

 The person might like see their own name
Writing Salutation Dear Aliow,
written.

Offering Done early. Congratulation on your

Congratulations Mention the occasion. promotion to deputy principal!

I was thrilled when I heard the

Express your happiness. Tell them how impressed you are.
news!

Ever since we worked together at

Relate the person’s Maragua Muslim Girls’ School, I
Relate something about the person that
achievement with knew you were one of the best. I
could have led to their achievement.
something. am very glad that your passion
for teaching has been recognised.

Assure them that there achievement is Best of luck in your new

Sending wishes for just one of the many others on nthe position. I hope that this is just
continued success. way. the start of the many more
Wish them the best. successes to come.

Add a closing remark.

Choose from the list:

 Sincerely,
 Sincerely yours,
Best Wishes,
Closing  Regards,
 Warm regards, Fardoly Mohamed
 Yours Truly,
 Cordially,
 Best wishes,

Write your name after this

Exercise
Juma Maxwel, your elser brother has just got a new job after working in another
company for two years. In his new place of work he will be receiving twice the salary
he used to be offered in the previous company. Write him a note congratulating him.
Condolences Notes

 Writing a condolence note is not an easy thing to do. This is because we often
don’t know what to say. Because of this, we may even put the task off until
the time to write has seemingly passed.
 In a condolence note, we reflect our genuine thoughts and feelings.
 Keep your message short yet thoughtful.
 Try as much as possible to mention a fond or funny memory of the deceased
if you knew them.

Steps to Writing Condolence Notes

 Introduce your note. Example,

I was deeply saddened when I learned about Joan’s passing.

Or
I was deeply saddened by the news of Joan’s passing.
Or
We are very saddened to hear your recent loss of Joan.

 Express your condolences, referring to the person’s death as a “loss”. For

example,
Please accept my heartfelt sympathies for your loss. My thoughts are with
you and your family during this difficult time.
 Share a short story or memory you have about the deceased. It will allow the
bereaved know how much their loved ones meant to you. Probably it will give
them a reason to at least smile if not to laugh. If possible, tell them that the
deceased will be missed. For example,

Joan was a source of inspiration to me. I will never forget her!

Or
Joan spent her time serving others. I am very grateful o have known
her.

If you don’t know the person who has passed, you may say:

I will always remember your stories about…..

Or
I will always remember how much you loved ….
 Acknowledge the cause of death especially if it comes after a long period of
suffering or illness.
For example,
I know Joan experienced a great deal of suffering since she was diagnosed
with cancer. I pray that you find comfort in knowing that she is no
 longer in any pain.

 Offer some assistance. Give specific ways in which you would like to help. For
example,
In this stressful moment, please let me know whether I can help in any way. I
would like to ……….

 Sum up your note using an appropriate phrase. You can choose from the list
below
o You are in my thoughts
o With Deepest Sympathy
o With Heartfelt Condolences,
o Thinking of you
o My sincere sympathy
o I’m praying for you

Exercise
Your friend’s sister has passed on following the road accident on the eve of the new
year. That same day you spend most of the time with her before she meets her
tragedy. Write a note to Angela expressing how you feel about the sudden death of
Mary, her sister.

Telegrams

 Telegram is a message sent by telegraph.

 It is done at the post office. Give the name and address of person who is to
receive the message and dictate the exact message.
 The message is then sent by a teleprinter to the post office that is closest to
the recipient and that p.o will deliver it.

Features.

 Has to be brief. Cost is based on no. of words

 The message does not need to be in complete sentences
 The message must be clear so as not to be misunderstood.

- A telegram is a text message sent by wire using Morse code.

- The codes are transcribed into language and printed.
- Telegrams can be sent all over the world within a couple of hours.
1. Wording Telegrams

 The right way of wording is economical, while the wrong way is wasteful.
 Avoid unnecessary words—words that might be omitted without impairing the
sense of the message.
2. Writing Figures

 The suffixes ‘th’, ‘rd’, ‘nd’ appended to figures are counted as words.
 Spell the words as ‘fourth’ instead of ‘4th ’etc.

3. Get rid of small connecting words such as ‘a’, ‘the, etc’.

4. Make use of sharp sentences and phrases.

Sample Telegram
KENYAN POST AND TELEGRAM
TELEGRAM

Sender’s Name: _______________________________________________

Sender’s Address: ______________________________________________
Receipient’s Name: _____________________________________________
Receipient’s Address: ____________________________________________

Dear Allan,

HEARD YOU WERE LITTLE BIT UNDER WEATHER AT THE MOMENT

[STOP]JUST REST UP AND LET THE DOCTORS DO THEIR MAGIC[STOP]
YOU WILL BE UP AND ABOUT IN NO TIME

Exercise
Your sister who lives in Chicago, USA, has delivered of a baby girl. Write her a
telegram congratulating her on arrival of the new baby

PUBLIC WRITING - English Form 3 Functional Writing Notes

 Letters of Application
o Letter of Application Format
o Sample Letter of Application

Letters of Application

 Also known as cover letter, a letter of application is a document sent together

with your curriculum vitae to provide additional information on your skills to
your prospective employer.
 Detailed information on why you are qualified for the job should be provided.
 This letter will let your prospective employer know what position you are
applying for.

Letter of Application Format

In the table that follows, all that should be included in a letter of application
are captured.
Item Explanation Example

KIMITI NJERI,
Write the name(yours or an institution’s)
P.O. BOX 777 –
Sender’s Address Postal address follows.
40400,
Write the name of the city after.
SUNA-MIGORI.

Date In full 23rd July, 2016

Start with the position of the recipient.

Write the name of the institution.
Receiver’s Address
Add the box number.
Lastly, write the town or city.

Salutation Let it be formal.

In regards to (written
'RE')

Here:
First Paragraph Mention the job you are applying for.
Mention where you found the listing.

Mention why your skills and experience are a good fit for
Middle Paragraphs
the job.

Say thank you to your recipient for considering your letter.

Last Paragraph
Note how you will follow up.

Closing

End your letter with your signature.

Signature
Write your name after it

Sample Letter of Application

Vijana Werevu High School,
P.O. Box 888 – 30200,
MACHAKOS,
31st January, 2016.
The Director,
Makusudi Secondary School,
P.O. Box 434 – 50000,
NAIROBI KENYA.

Dear Sir/Madam,

RE: ENGLISH/LITERATURE TEACHER

I am writing to express my interest in the position of teaching English and

Literature that has arisen with your school and that was listed in the
Wednesday Nation on 31st December, 2015. I believe I am an excellent fit
for this position, given a chance. Besides teaching the two, I also teach
History and Physical Education. I am a 2013, diploma graduate from
Nikufunze Teachers’ Training College.

I am a conscientious person who works hard and pays attention to details. I

am also quick to learn new skills as well as to learn from others. I am keen to
work for a school with a great reputation like Makusudi Secondary School. I
have the enthusiasm and determination to make ensure that I make success
of the
position when offered it.

I enjoy training students and helping them build confidence in their ability to
achieve, both academically and socially. In addition, I have computer skills
that will be a great asset when developing class resources.

Find my curriculum vitae attached.

Thank you for taking the time to consider this application and I look forward
to hearing from you at your earliest convenience.

Yours faithfully,
[sign here]
Seen Later

Exercise

A job has just been advertised. You have been a doctor for three years. When
you see this advert you feel like you have to apply for the job. Write your
curriculum vitae you will attached in your letter of application.
STUDY WRITING - English Form 3 Functional Writing Notes

 Synopsis
o Blossoms of the Savannah Synopsis
 Reports
o Sample Report

Synopsis

 Synopsis answers the question: What is the story of the novel, play, etc?
 Just write what happens in the book.
 Often not long, so try to capture only pertinent details.
 Go into the detail about the setting.

Blossoms of the Savannah Synopsis

BLOSSOMS OF THE SAVANNAH

The novel begins as Kaelo, his wife, Taiyo and Resian leave Nakuru for Nasila, a rural area in Maasai land.
……….………….…………………………………………………………………………………………..........................................…......
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...................................................
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………....................................................

Exercise
Assume you are the author of “Inheritance”. The play has not been published. When
you ask the publishers to publish it, they tell you to write the synopsis of the play
before they consider publishing it. Write its synopsis.

Reports

 A report is a systematic, well organized document which defines a problem,

and analyses it.
 Reports are written following research or study on a currently trending topic.
 There are short and long reports.
 A report has sections, and sub sections
 There are elements found in both the short and the long reports. They
include:
o Heading
o Introduction. Here we include things such as:
  Date

 Officer to whom the report is presented

 Committee members (if done as a group)

 Terms of reference. This is where we write the objective of the

study.
o Methods of data collection. How the information was gathered is
discussed here. The different methods of collecting data are use of:
 Questionnaires

 Observation

Interviews
o Findings. State what you learned.
o Conclusions
o Recommendations. State how the findings can help improve the
situation.
 Reports are always:
o Accurate;
o Concise;
o Clear; and
o Well structured.

Sample Report
REPORT ON WHY MOST GIRLS AT NAIVASHA CHRISTIAN SCHOOL DROP OUT OF SCHOOL

Introduction

The principal asked a group of students to find out the reasons why there is high drop out among girls
at Naivasha School. The committee included:

z. Njagi Cool
aa. Kimotho Macha
bb. Jane Kilonzo

The study started on 3rd February and ended on 10th of the same month.

Procedure

The group used different methods to gather the information. The following are the methods used
collect data:

 Questionnaire
- About five students, among them three girls were issued with questionnaires that they filled
with ease. At first they were not ready to do so but when they were assured a token, they were
 more willing to respond.
- They took approximately ten minutes each to provide response to the questions and prompts.
 Interviews
- One of the committee members, Kimotho Macha, was appointed to lead in interviewing two
students. The two students gave several reasons for the high drop out. One of them even
wanted to have been included in the committee. The interviews were conducted at the school
quadrangle.
 Observation
- One week was enough for the committee members to study the other students. It was noted,
in the way they talk in small groups, why they drop out. In fact one of the female students left
the school before the actual day of submitting this report.

Findings

It was found out that:

 Since most girls are idle during the weekends, they yield to pressure from the fellow students
who push them into leaving the school. While at home, majority fail to get admission in other
schools.
 Some of the students are not satisfied with the quality of the meals cooked . They feel they
don’t match the amount of money they pay.
 Add other two

Conclusions

The committee concluded that:

 Some of the girls do not know how to make use of their free time.
 Some of the students value food more than education services offered at the school.

Recommendations

 The students should be guided on how to benefit from their free time.
 The quality of meals should be improved or at least provide alternative diet to those not
satisfied.

Report compiled by: Amos Ngotho

Signature:
Position: FORM 2 STUDENT

Exercise
It has been noted that students at Kinya High abuse drugs. The deputy principal
calls you one day and asks you to form a committee to investigate the causes of
drug abuse at your school. Write the report to contain:
  Introduction
 Three methods of data collection
 Four findings
 Four conclusions
 Four recommendations.

INSTITUTIONAL WRITING - English Form 3 Functional

Writing Notes

 Notifications of Meetings
o Writing a Notice of Meeting
o Sample Notice of Meeting
 Agenda
o Steps to Writing an Agenda
o Sample Agenda Note to Group Members
 Minute Writing
o Minutes Format
o Sample Minutes
 Memoranda
o Memo Format

Notifications of Meetings

 A notice of meeting is sent to members of a particular group to inform them

of the:
o Time of the meeting
o Date of the meeting
o Location of the meeting
o Information to be discussed. This is where the agenda come.

Writing a Notice of Meeting

 To write a good notice of meeting, follow the steps that follow:

o Write the name of the organization/institution at the top of the page.
o Write “Notice of Meeting” a few lines down. Write “Notice of Public
Meeting” if your meeting will be open to the public.
o Below write the name of the group.
o In the body of the notice, include such things like:

 Time of the meeting

  Date of the meeting

 Location of the meeting

 Agenda of the meeting

 Any pertinent information

o Sign off

Sample Notice of Meeting

USHIKWAPO SHIKAMANA MIXED DAY SECONDARY SCHOOL
NOTICE OF MEETING
DRAMA CLUB

To All Drama Club Members:

RE: DRAMA CLUB MEETING

This is to inform all members that the club will hold a meeting on 2nd February,2016 from 4.20 p.m. at
the school chapel.

The following business will be transacted during this meeting:

cc. Preliminaries;
dd. Confirmation of previous minutes;
ee. Matters arising;
ff. Rehearsals for drama festival;
gg. Welcoming the trainer;
hh. Raising money to buy costumes;
ii. Any other business; and
jj. Adjournment.

You are requested to be punctual for the meeting and to come with writing materials. Refreshments
will be served.

Yours Sincerely,
[sign here]
Kijiko Kirefu
CLUB SECRETARY

Exercise
You are the school head prefect. You want to call for the urgent prefects’ meeting.
Notify them of the meeting.
Agenda

 An agenda is the list of activities in a meeting and the order in which they
should be taken up.
 Any organized meeting requires a well written agenda.
 If the agenda is not clearly written, the result will be that the meeting will
become over-long, inefficient, or even slog.
 Agenda is written and handed to the members participating in a meeting
prior to the meeting.
 Most secretaries prefer including the agenda in the notice of meetings.

Steps to Writing an Agenda

 Write the name of the institution. If possible, have a the institution letterhead.
 Give your agenda a title. Write “AGENDA”, “MEETING” and the name of the
group to hold the meeting.
 Include the date, time, and venue of the meeting.
 Introduce your agenda.
 List the items to be discussed. Start with preliminaries, then reading and
confirmation of previous minutes, followed by matters arising(some people
write: unfinished business), then list all the other items to be discussed. From
there add “any other business” and lastly, “adjournment”.

Sample Agenda Note to Group Members

NIPE NIKUPE MUSLIM BOYS’ HIGH SHOOL

AGENDA OF THE MEETING OF SCOUTS CLUB

DATE: 24TH JANUARY, 2016

TIME: 9.00 AM
VENUE: SCHOOL REFECTORY

There will be the second meeting of the year with the following items to be discussed:

 Preliminaries
 Reading and confirmation of previous minutes
 Matters arising
 Camping trip
 Planting flowers
 Any other business
 Adjournment

Sign
Denis Benjam
CLUB SECRETARY
Minute Writing

 Minutes of what is discussed is written soon after the meeting.

 During the meeting, the secretary only takes notes.
 Minutes are the official records of a group in an organization.
 It is crucial that they be accurate as they are legal record of the proceedings
of that group.

Minutes Format

ELEMENT EXPLANATION

The heading comprise:

 Name of the group;

Heading  Date of the meeting;
 Time of the meeting; and
 Place where the meeting was held.

Present We write the names of all the members present here.

Members who fail to attend the meeting.

At times they are classified first, as Absent with Apology, then, as Absent.
Not Present In other organizations, secretaries only write “Members Absent”.
They write in brackets “Pre-Arranged” for those who send their regrets.
Either ways seem acceptable.

Name(s) of people who attend the meeting but are non members of
In Attendance
the group are written under this.

It is the introductory remark made before the meeting.

Preliminaries Included are prayers, welcoming members by the chair, and
congratulating members on being punctual.

We include:

Confirmation of  Reading of the minutes;

Previous Minutes  Confirmation of the minutes by a member, and seconding
by another;
 Approval of the minutes.

Problems or questions arising from the previous meeting are discussed here.
Matters Arising It is also referred to as “unfinished business”.
 Key to be captured are:

New Business  The issue discussed as a problem.

 The solution reached

Subjects that members mention after the main subjects have been discussed.
Any other Business Not discussed exhaustively as the main ones.

When meeting ends. Date and time of the next meeting is

Adjournment
usually announced.

The minutes of one meeting are normally approved at the next meeting.
Approval of Minutes
Once approved both the secretary and the chair append their signatures.

Sample Minutes
WILDLIFE CLUB MEETING HELD IN THE SCHOOL REFECORY ON 13TH FEBRUARY, 2016, AT 4.00 PM

MEMBERS PRESENT

 Noisemaker Awuor – Chair

 Beaker Laboratory – Secretary
 Catherine Njagi – Treasurer
 Sukuma Wiki – Member
 Kijiko Povu
 Jemimah Akinyi
 Jeremy Kanyari

MEMBERS NOT PRESENT

 Alot Manumu
 Kiny Abiro

IN ATTENDANCE

Kibaki Akello – Club Patron

MIN 1/2/2016: Preliminaries

Meeting was called to order at 4.01 pm by the club chair. She welcomed all members and
congratulated everyone on keeping time.

MIN 2/2/2016: Confirmation of the Previous Minutes

Minutes from the meeting on 12th January, 2016 was read. It was confirmed as the true records of
what was transacted by Annabel and seconded by Felix Kimutai. It was therefore approved
without modification.
MIN 3/2/2016: Matters Arising

 A member wanted the date for commencing trees planting be announced.

 A member asked that drinks should be served whenever a meeting is held.

MIN 4/2/2016: Registration of New Members

It was discussed that new members was to be registered. This was a result of many students who
had completed school last year. Registration was to start in a week’s time. Each new member was to pay
sum of sh. 250 before being registered.

MIN 5/2/2016: Trip to Mau Forest

Members discussed the trip to Mau Forest scheduled for 1st March. Each registered member
was requested to remit their Sh. 300 contribution through the club patron before the end of February.
A member requested that the school management be asked to assist in making the trip a success.

Other things to carry included:

 Toiletries
 Snacks
 Enough clothing

MIN 6/2/2016: Any Other Business

 A member asked whether new members were eligible to visit the Mau Forest.
 A member wanted to know when the rabbits owned by the club could be sold in order
to supplement their budget for the trip.

MIN 9/2/2016: Adjournment

12th March,2016 5.00 pm and school refectory were fixed as the date, time and place for the next
meeting. There being no other business, the meeting was adjourned at 6.13 pm.

MINUTES APPROVED BY:

SECRETARY CHAIRPERSON

NAME ……………………………..... .............................

SIGN ……………………………..... …………………………….....

DATE ……………………………..... …………………………….....

Memoranda

 A memorandum is a brief written message sent from one person or

department, to another person or a group in an organization.
 A memo has twofold purpose:
o It brings attention to a problem; and
o It solves that problem.
 They inform the reader about new information such as price increases, or by
persuading them to take an action.

Memo Format

FORMAT EXPLANATION EXAMPLE

HABA NA HABA MIXED SECONDARY

Institution/Organization’s Name If possible add the letterhead.
SCHOOL

State that this is a

memorandum.
Heading The words “internal memo” Internal Memo
are usually written then
underlined.

Written differently depending

Reference Ref 3/2015
on the organization.

Write the job title of the

“To” field person you are sending the TO: All Teachers
memo.

Indicate who will receive

a “Courtesy Copy” of the
“Cc” field memo. CC: Principal
It is directed to a person
who should remain informed.

“From” field Write your job title. FROM: The Deputy Principal

Write the complete date, DATE:11thJanuary,2016 or

Date
spelling out the month DATE: January 11th, 2016

It is a line that gives the reader

an idea of what the memo is SUBJECT: SUBMISSION OF
“Subject” field
about. END TERM EXAMS RESULTS
Be specific but concise.

Body Two issues are discussed: As of 3rdAugust, 2015, only two teachers
 had submitted the end of
the problem and the solution. term two examination results.
Introduce the problem in the The results were supposed to
first paragraph. have entered into the computer by 3rd.
Give the solution to the You are requested to increase
problem in the second your speed in marking the
paragraph. remaining papers. Before 7th of this
Suggest the actions that month, ensure you have entered
should be taken. the marks.
The third paragraph(normally We will be glad to see all that done by
the last) close the memo with the newly set deadline.
a positive and warm summary. We wish all the best as you
work towards meeting that deadline.

Yours Sincerely,
Sign
Signing off [signature]
Write your name
Mr. Mamboga Japheth

PERSONAL WRITING - English Form 4 Functional Writing

Notes

 Recipes
o Format of a Recipe
o Sample Recipe

Recipes

 A recipe is a set of steps that lead to a delicious food.

 It is a set of directions that describes how to prepare a culinary dish.
 With the recipe, one is unlikely to be involved in culinary disaster.
 The common terms used in a recipe are:
o Bake
o Baste
o Blend
o Beat
o Boil
o Braise
o Brine
o Chop
o Crush
o Dip
o Dissolve
o Drawn
o Pound
o Mix
 o Stir
o Spread

Format of a Recipe

 Title your recipe. For example,

Fried Chicken Recipe
 Ingredient List. It is advisable to list the ingredients in the order of their use.
This helps the reader to keep track of the ingredients that have been used.
Give the quantity of each ingredient.

Examples:
4 whole chicken breasts
½ cup bread crumbs
 Method. How the meal is prepared is listed here. The steps should be easier
to understand and follow. The steps are usually numbered.
 Service. List how many people to be served and what to serve with. For
example,
Serve with …… or
Top with …..
 Preparation time

Sample Recipe
RECIPE FOR COOKING WHITE RICE

Ingredients

1 cup of white rice

2 cups of water
½ teaspoon salt
1 tablespoon oil

Preparation Time: 20 minutes

Preparation

1. Rinse the rice in a strainer.

2. Bring the water to a boil.
3. Add the rice to boiled water.
4. Stir in the rice, salt and oil and bring it back to a gentle simmer.
5. Start checking the rice around 18 minutes.
6. Turn off the heat when the rice is tender.
7. Remove the lid and fluff the rice.

Service

1. Serve when hot.

2. Serve with fried meat

SOCIAL WRITING - English Form 4 Functional Writing Notes

 E-Mails
o Email Address
o Email Format
o Sample Email
 Fax
o How it Works
o How to Write Notes and Fax Cover Sheet
 Instructions to Family and Friends
o What to Do
o Sample Instruction Note

E-Mails

 Short for electronic mails.

 They are messages sent via a computer connected to internet.
 Emails must be short and precise.

Email Address

 An email address is what identifies an electronic post office box on a network

where email can be sent.
 Usually, there is no capitalization or spacing between the characters.

Component of Email Address

kk. All email addresses have three parts:

a. Username;
b. @ symbol; and
c. The domain
ll. Username is the unique name that you select. It can be your real name or
nickname. Example: sumudawa
mm. @ symbol separates the username from the domain. When you insert
this symbol, your email program recognizes the character and sends the
email to the domain name that follows it.
nn.Domain is broken into parts: the mail server and the top-level domain.
- The mail server is the server hosting the email account. There are such mail
servers as yahoo, hotmail and gmail.
- Examples of top-level domains include: com, net, org, edu, etc
 oo. Example of email address: [email protected]

Email Format
Email consists of:

 “FROM” Field. Write your email address.

 Date .
 “TO” Field. The recipient’s address is written here.
 “Cc” Field. Add the email address of other people whose copy of the message
should reach.
 Subject. Write short but accurate subject header.
 Attachments. Include the document that should be attached if required.
 Salutation. Use proper salutation beginning with ‘dear’, etc.
 Message body. Get your point across without rambling.
 Leave-taking. Depending on your level of intimacy with the recipient, you can
use phrases and words like:
o Yours sincerely,
o Yours faithfully,
o Yours cordially,
o Best,
o Your loving daughter/son/mum/dad/sister/brother,
o Respectfully,
o Your student, etc
 Signing. Write your full name.

Sample Email
FROM: [email protected]
DATE: 13th June, 2015
TO: [email protected]
Cc: [email protected]; [email protected]
SUBJECT: Chemistry/Physics Teaching Position

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am writing this email in response to your advertisement listed in The Standard Newspaper on 11
th June 2016 for the vacancy of teaching Chemistry and Physics that has arisen with your school.

I am a degree holder from Kilgoris University. I have taught for three years now. While teaching at
Ungwana Secondary school, I developed my teaching skills.

I have a strong communication and interpersonal skills, and have the ability to make students
understand my two subjects properly. I can help students with their decision making.

I desire to be part of the teaching team at Naikuma School where I could nourish the minds of young
students. I will be highly obliged if you could go through my curriculum vitae attached herewith.

Yours faithfully,
Shuruti K. Hassan

Fax

 Fax is short for facsimile.

 Also known as telefax or telecopying.
 It is the telephonic transmission of scanned printed material usually to a
telephone number which is connected to a printer.

How it Works

 To transmit the material, the process to follow include:

o Scanning of the original material using a fax machine(telecopier).
o Telecopier processes the content and converts it into a bitmap.
o The content is then transmitted through the telephone system to the
receiver .
o The receiving telecopier interpretes the message and reconstruct it.

How to Write Notes and Fax Cover Sheet

 Add a letter head to the top of the fax cover sheet. It can either be for a
company or an individual.
 The letter head can include the name of the company or individual’s name,
address, telephone number, fax number and email address.
 Write “TO” followed by a colon some lines down. Fill in the name of the
person who should receive the fax.
 Write “COMPANY” and fill in the name of the company where you are sending
the fax.
 Write “FROM” and the colon on the next line. List the sender’s name.
 List the date.
 Write the recipient’s fax number.
 Write “NUMBER OF PAGES”. Enter this number including the cover page to
help the recipient make sure no page is missing.
 Write “RE” followed by a colon. Enter the subject of what you are writing
under notes.
 Write “NOTES” and then a colon. Enter additional information here. Write the
message.

An institution can design a facsimile Transmittal Sheet depending on their taste.

Below is an example of a facsimile transmittal sheet.

FACSIMILE TRANSMITTAL SHEET

TO ………………...…………… FROM……………...…….....

COMPANY ………………………………………………….......

DATE: …………………………………………………………......

FAX NUMBER .........………………………………………...

PAGE TOTAL INCLUDING COVER ...................

PHONE NUMBER: …………………………………………...…

RE: __________________________________

PLEASE
URGENT
COMMENT

PLEASE REPLY PLEASE RECYCLE

FOR REVIEW

NOTES:

.................................................................

.................................................................

.................................................................

Instructions to Family and Friends

 To give instructions is to let others know how to do something or reach

somewhere.
 Instructions when written, can take the form of letters, notes, e-mails, and
many others. Be careful on which to use and which will work well with your
recipient.
 We give instructions to family and friends:
o To help us do something in our absence.
o On how to use a newly bought garget.
o On how to prepare some meals.
o On how to how to write their exams.
o On how to be successful individuals. Etc.
What to Do

 When writing instructions:

o Use simple words. Save the verbatim words.
o Use imperative form of sentences.
o Give one instruction at a time. Numbered.

Sample Instruction Note

Here, we have a sample of a note with instructions

INSTRUCTION ON WHAT TO DO WHILE I AM WAY

Dear Kish,

I have left for work. I will not come back as usually. After you wake up help do the following:

 Clean your bedroom.

 Wash the utensils.
 Mow the lawn.
 Cook your lunch.
 Go out and play after doing all the above.
 Get back to the house before 6.
 Close the gate until I come back.

I hope you will not forget any of the above. When mum comes back she will bring you the fruits you
asked for.

Your loving mum,

Aoko

Exercise
Your cousin has bought a mobile phone but she doesn’t know how to type text
message and send it. In a letter, give her instructions that will help her do that with
ease.

PUBLIC WRITING - English Form 4 Functional Writing Notes

 Letters of Inquiry
o How to Write a Letter of Inquiry
o Sample Letter of Enquiry
 Letters of Request
o Sample Letter of Request
Letters of Inquiry

 Sent to explore possibilities in employment, admission to college, etc when

you are interested in working or learning, etc for a particular institution, but
you do not know if an opening or vacancy exists.
 A letter of inquiry is when you are approaching an
organization/company/institution speculatively.
 This means you are making an approach without their having advertised or
announced a vacancy.

How to Write a Letter of Inquiry

The steps that follow will help you write a good letter of inquiry:

 Resolve to follow all the rules for business letter writing. Begin with your
address, then the date, followed by the addressee’s address, moving on to
the greeting(salutation) , and lastly, in regard to(written “RE:”)
 Write about four paragraphs. The paragraphs can be divided into:
o First Paragraph
- Introduce yourself and concisely explain why you are writing.
- Tell the recipient how you heard of the organization.
- Let the recipient, if need be, know the result you will receive or
received, and the school or college you are attending or attended.
o Second Paragraph
- Describe your interest in the organization.
- Make it clear why you think you think you are qualified, for example
for the job, or admission to the college, etc.
o Third Paragraph
- Talk about yourself. Highlight your relevant experience,
achievements, and qualifications.
- Include two or three skills that relate to the positions within.
o Fourth Paragraph
- Thank the recipient for their time.
- Include your phone number or email address.
- Note that you have included your CV. If admission to college, you may
mention that you have included your academic certificate or any
document.
 Close your letter.
- Write yours faithfully, if you do not know the name of the person.
- Yours sincerely. If you know the person’s name, end the letter this way.
- Add your signature. Sign your name.
Sample Letter of Enquiry
KANYE MIRACLE SCHOOL,
P.O. BOX 333 – 22020,
CHEM – KENYA.

14th MAY, 2016

THE PRINCIPAL,
JOSEM COLLEGE,
P.O. BOX 3456 – 12340,
KILGORIS.

Dear Sir/Madam,

RE: NEXT INTAKE

I am a 2014 form four leaver from Kanye Miracle School. I received grade B- at KCSE. I am writing
to express my interest in joining your college in September incase there is an intake. I have always heard
a lot about your college. Last week, I saw the picture of your college in the newspaper and that attracted
me more.

I am now thinking only about Josem College. It has become part of my dream and I would love to
study my course there. I know the course I would like to pursue is one of the numerous courses offered
there. I would like to study Journalism. I received grade B+ in English and Kiswahili and I hope that is
enough to qualify me for the course of my childhood dreams.

While in high school, I used to be a member of journalism club. It is I who could write all the news to
be read on Fridays by fellow club members. I was also involved in broadcasting during the parents’ day
and through that my confidence was boosted. I no longer suffer from anxiety when speaking before a
large group.

Thank you for your time you have you have taken to consider this letter of inquiry. Would you
please contact me on 07000000 when there will be next intake? Attached are my documents.

Yours Faithfully,
[sign]
Salome Mtakatifu

Letters of Request

pp.Written to request a company/firm/institution to provide complete information

regarding a product/service/course, etc.
qq.One expresses their interest towards the course/product, etc in this letter.
 rr. The following points will help in writing an effective letter of request:
a. Clearly state the reason of seeking detailed information.
b. Use formal tone when writing.
c. Be polite.
d. Recheck for misspellings

Sample Letter of Request

Nyamirogi Secondary School,
P.O. Box 111—40020,
MLANGO – KENYA.

24th April, 2015.

The Principal,
Nyamoro College,
P.O. Box 222 – 34200,
DIRISHA – KENYA.

Dear Mr. Bacuna,

RE: INFORMATION ABOUT YOUR COLLEGE

I am a parent of one of the students who received admission letters from your college. He is very
much interested in joining the college.

We have read your admission letter and are very much interested in getting admission in your college.
I need, however, the answers to the following questions before I could join the college:

 Is fee paid in installment or paid at once?

 Can accommodation be offered in college?
 Other than the courses offered, are there non academic ones like driving?

I would be glad to receive the answers to these questions. Could you please contact me
on [email protected] or 0797878787?

Yours Faithfully,
[sign]
Dennis Mnyweso

STUDY WRITING - English Form 4 Functional Writing Notes

 Reviews
o How to Write a Book Review
o Sample Book Review Template
  Questionnaires
o Outline and Format of the Questionnaire
o Sample Questionnaire

Reviews

 A review of a novel, play, short story or even a poem is written to give the
reader a concise summary of its content. This includes relevant description of
the topic as well as its overall message.

How to Write a Book Review

The steps below are normally followed when reviewing a book (say a novel):

 Describe what the novel is about in a couple of sentences. No spoilers should

be given here.
 Discuss what in particular you liked about the book. Your thoughts and
feelings about the novel are the main focus when doing this. The questions
suggested below when answered will help you to a great extent:
o Who was your favourite character? Why?
o Did the characters feel real to you?
o Did the story keep you guessing what to happen next, and next?
o Which part of the book was your favourite? Why?
o Did the novel make you laugh, smile, or cry?
 Mention what you disliked about the novel. Discuss why you think it didn’t
work for you. Some
questions to help you are:
o Was the ending frustrating?
o Was the story scary for your feeling?
 Summarize some of your thoughts on the novel, suggesting the type of
reader you would recommend the novel for. For example would you
recommend it for young readers, fans of crime, high school students, etc.

 At times, you can rate the novel, for example a mark out of ten, etc.

Sample Book Review Template

Book Review

Picture of the book here

Title:

Author:

Publisher:
Reviewer:

The novel is about a baby girl who is the source of the river. She becomes the first born girl in a
family full of boys.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....................................................
............
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....................................................
............

Questionnaires

ss. It is a research instrument containing several questions and other prompts for
the purpose of gathering information from the respondents.
tt. The questions are aimed at collecting facts or opinions about something.

Outline and Format of the Questionnaire

FORMAT ELEMENTS

Title of the study

Purpose of the study
Duration of the survey
Introduction
Guarantee of confidentiality
Brief information about the organization
If any, incentive Information

Respondent’s name(could be optional)

Demographic Data
Age, gender, religion, marital status, etc.

Questions Closed-ended questions answerable by Yes/No first.

This is for faster response rate.
Questions arranged from general to specific.
Sensitive questions at the end.
Group related questions together.
Always number questions.
The instructions on how questions are answered placed before the questions.
Response questions placed vertically except for
 tabulated options.

Expression of gratitude to the respondent for attempting questions e.g. “Thank You”
End
Information on knowing the outcome of the survey.

Sample Questionnaire
THE ALL TIME HOTEL

(email: [email protected], P.O. Box 43 – Nairobi Kenya)

CUSTOMER SATISFACTION ON THE ALL TIME HOTEL QUESTIONNAIRE

I. INTRODUCTION

Dear Esteemed Customer,

We are dedicated to improving the customer satisfaction. Through answering questions in

this questionnaire survey, we will be able to analyse the data that will help us enhance our services and
meeting your needs.

Your response will only be used for survey purposes and your confidentiality is highly guaranteed.

After you answer all the questions, you will be presented meals of your taste as a token of our good will.

We thank you in advance for your time.

II. QUESTIONS

Instructions:

Please indicate your level of agreement or disagreement with each of these statements regarding
our hotel. TICK in the box of your answer.

 How many times do you visit The All Time Hotel per month?
________________________________________________________
 Do you visit The All Time Hotel with Family or Friends?
________________________________________________________
 For question (3)
Agree
Strongly Agree
Neutrally agree
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
o The hotel is accessibly located
_________________
o Hotel hours are convenient for my dining needs
 _________________
o Advertised meals are in stock
_________________
o A good selection of meals was available
_________________
o The meals sold are equal value for the money
_________________
o Meals sold here are of the highest quality
_________________
o The hotel has the lowest prices in the estate
_________________
o The hotel atmosphere and decor are appealing
_________________

III DEMOGRAPHIC DATA

Name

(optional): ____________
Age: ________________
Gender: _____________

Number of Family Members: (Tick appropriate)

more than
10

Phone (optional): __________

IV. Thank you for sharing your feelings and thoughts with The All Time. Enjoy dining at the best Hotel in
town!

INSTITUTIONAL WRITING - English Form 4 Functional

Writing Notes

 Curriculum Vitae
o Sample Curriculum Vitae
 Speeches
 o Sample Speech

Curriculum Vitae

 This is a written overview of a person’s experience as well as their

qualifications.
 It brings out a person’s life accomplishments, especially those related to
academic realm.
 Try to present all the relevant information that you can.
 The CV need to reflect your abilities within your discipline.

Sample Curriculum Vitae

DON MICHAEL OTIENO’S CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Details

Date of Birth: 8th April, 1989

Sex: Male
Nationality: Kenyan
Religion: Christian
Marital Status: Married
ID Number: 28724770
Address: 924-40400 Suna-Migori
Email: [email protected]
Phone Number: 0716602808 or 0764602808
Languages: English and Kiswahili

Personal Profile

A highly motivated, enthusiastic and dedicated teacher of English who has been praised for hard work
and perseverance. Committed to creating classroom atmosphere that stimulates and encourage
learners. Has the passion to work under minimum or no supervision at all.

Educational Background

YEAR INSTITUTION QUALIFICATION

2011-2013 Utumishi University Bachelors of Education (First class honors)

2005-2008 Kajira Secondary School KCSE {52 Points(C+)}

1996-2004 Kajira Primary School KCPE(304 Marks)

Work Experience

FROM-TO INSTITUTION RESPONSIBILITIES

September 2015- Joy Girls’ Secondary 1. Guiding candidate class in revision.

 2. Offering guidance and
December
counseling to my class.
2015
3. Coaching students in soccer.

1. Chairing guidance and counseling meetings.

Kisimani Secondary 2. Coaching students in soccer and volleyball.
June 2015-August 2015
School 3. In charge of discipline.
4. Chairing languages department’s meetings.

1. Guiding and counseling students.

2. Training the students both in the classroom and in
January 2014-June Right There Muslim the field.
2015 Girls’ 3. Preparing programmes for various activites held at
the school.
4. Heading languages department.

Achievements

YEAR INSTITUTION ACHIEVEMENT

1. Appointed head of departments: Languages and Games.

2. Appointed member of the disciplinary committee.
Right There Muslim Girls’
3. Patron of clubs(Debate and Journalism)
4. Class teacher.

2014-2015 KCSE 2014:

ENGLISH MEAN
SCORE: 5.667 up from 3.5.
Right There Muslim Girls’
HISTORY MEAN
SCORE: 7.6

Head of both Games and

Kisimani Secondary Languages Departments.
2015
School Form 2 class teacher.
Acting as Deputy Principal.

Assistant Head of Department, Games.

2015 Joy Girls’ Secondary
Class teacher

Written manuscripts in areas such as:

2015  Grammar in English.

 Oral Skills in English.

Skills
 uu. Strong personal skills.
vv. Problem solving skills.

Hobbies and Interests

 Reading novels, journals and plays.

 Playing soccer and volleyball.
 Writing manuscripts.

Referees

NAME POSITION INSTITUTION PHONE NUMBER

Mr. Mfupi
Head of English Department Joy Girls’ Secondary 0711223344
Mbilikimo

Mr. Issa Abdikadir Deputy Principal Right There Muslim Girls’ 0734527272

Mr. Kimoke M. English Department Utumishi University 0754647484

Speeches

 Speech delivery requires adequate preparation. Writing itself is part of that

preparation.
 To write a good speech:
o Select a topic that you enjoy talking about.
o Compose your specific purpose statement.
o Compose your Thesis statement or central idea. This is the most
important part of your speech.
 Writing your thesis statement is a four step process:
o choose your topic
o Determine your general purpose. For example, to persuade, entertain,
educate, etc.
o Write your specific purpose statement. This is what the speaker wants
to accomplish.
o Tie it all together by composing a clear concise thesis statement.

Sample Speech
KCSE TARGET
“The principal, deputy principal, teachers, and my fellow students, good morning? I
am grateful for being offered this rare chance to address this large crowd. Thank
you for this great opportunity. Today I want to particularly address form fours who
are only 3 months away from reaping the hard work.
Dear candidates, where are you going to be in three months? What will you be
doing from the time you wake up to day fall each day? What will you achieve when
KCSE Results are announced? In other words, what is your target? Some of you
might be thinking that three months is a lot of time to first waste and only revise
with one week left. They might be thinking it is too early to revise. Let me assure
you that it is high time you decide on doubling your effort.

In fact, with my one year experience since I left this school, I can suggest you two
alternatives. Either you think about your future after form four – now! – or you leave
this a frustrated individual, and regret later in life. Not encouraging at all to depend
completely on your parents. I like the proverb: You reap what you sow. Remember
no one reaps beans when he plants potato. Only if you work hard that work of
your hands will handsomely be rewarded.
[Paragraph]
According to my deepest conviction, happy person is the person who always brings
his own sunshine, wherever he goes and whatever the weather. Hope to see these
sparks in you in you next year March when the results will be announced. Thanking
for you listening to me.

Imaginative Composition - English Form 4 Functional

Writing Notes
Imaginative Composition

 What is an imaginative composition

 How to write an imaginative composition
 Sample imaginative composition

What is an imaginative composition

Imaginative compositions are writings that you formulate from your mind.
Mental pictures that are translated into words, not necessarily of things that have
happened to you but rather of things that have not.
You lay out an amazing story for your readers that flows and makes them want to
read till the end, and even at the end, they don't want the story to end.
Writing an imaginative composition, such as a short story, poem, or creative essay,
allows you to unleash your creativity and craft a piece of writing that engages the
reader's imagination.
Sometimes beginning an imaginative composition is the hardest, and here are some
interesting ideas on how you can creatively begin an imaginative composition.

Start with a speech.

example: "Money is the root of all evil, for with the desire for money comes
corruption," the priest said while holding the Bible in front of him and shaking it with
fury. It was a bit ironic that after saying money is the root of all evil, the priest would
then ask us, the congregation, to give some money to the church. Maybe that
money... (This is an example of an imaginative composition on the corruptive power
of money.)
Can you write that composition and make it fun to read?

Start with a question.

Example:
What was I thinking? What had I done? I wish I had listened to my teacher. But as it
was, I couldn't turn back time. This is an imaginative composition about learning a
bitter lesson.

Start with a description.

Example:
It was one of those days. Sunny, beautiful, and the air crisp and cool. a cool breeze,
making that heat tolerable and enjoyable. One of those days where you don't even
think anything bad can happen because it's simply such a beautiful day, but that
day when I felt my soul was full because of the lovely environment I found myself in
was the day the most unexpected tragedy occurred to me (this can be an
introduction to a story about the day you were kidnapped but managed to escape).

Start using dialogue.

You are conversing with someone else, or two of your characters are dialoging.
Example:
"Shhhhh," Dan said as he crouched in front of me in the bedroom closet. "Stop
moving about and don't make a noise. "Okay, Dan, I am scared," I responded, trying
but failing to keep the tremble out of my voice. (This can be an introduction to a
robbery story.)

Start by describing a character.

Example:
My sister had always been a beautiful woman. Tall with dark melanin skin and long
hair, everyone always commented that they wished they had it. She always
attracted admiration and envy in equal measure. As a result, she grew into a... (This
can be a story about the cost of beauty.)
How to write an imaginative composition
Here are some steps and tips on how to write an imaginative composition:

 Choose your topic or theme:

Start by selecting a topic or theme that inspires your creativity. It could be a
personal experience, a vivid dream, an interesting concept, or a simple image
that captures your imagination.
 Create compelling characters:
If your composition involves characters, develop them in detail. Give them
names, backgrounds, personalities, and motivations. Make your readers care
about what happens to these characters.
 Develop a strong setting:
Describe the setting where your story takes place. Use vivid imagery and
sensory details to help readers visualize the world you've created.
 Build a plot:
Develop a plot that has a clear beginning, middle, and end. Introduce conflict
or tension early on to keep the reader engaged. Consider using plot devices
like twists, suspense, or foreshadowing to create interest.
 Use descriptive language.
Engage your readers' senses with descriptive language. Paint pictures with
words by using vivid adjectives, metaphors, similes, and other literary
devices. Show, don't just tell, your story.
 Establish a tone and mood:
Decide on the tone and mood you want to convey. Is your composition
humorous, mysterious, romantic, or dramatic? Consistency in tone helps
create an emotional connection with your readers.
 Craft engaging dialogue:
If your composition includes dialogue, make it natural and purposeful. Use
dialogue to reveal character traits, advance the plot, and create tension or
conflict.
 Edit and revise:
Writing is a process, so don't expect your first draft to be perfect. After
completing your initial draft, take the time to revise and edit your work.
Check for grammar and spelling errors, and refine your prose for clarity and
impact.
 Seek Feedback:
Share your composition with others for feedback. Constructive criticism can
help you improve your work and identify areas that may need strengthening.
 Title and Formatting:
Choose a captivating title that gives readers a hint of what to expect. Format
your composition appropriately, considering factors like font, spacing, and
paragraph structure.
  Read Widely:
Exposure to different genres and styles of writing can stimulate your own
creativity. Read books, poems, and short stories by a variety of authors to
expand your literary horizons.
 Stay Inspired:
Keep a journal of ideas, observations, and snippets of conversation that
inspire you. Inspiration can strike at any time, so be ready to capture it.

Sample Imaginative Composition

Ending with, I wish things did not end like this.
As the sun dipped below the horizon, casting a warm, golden glow over the tranquil
meadow, I couldn't help but reflect on the day that had unfolded before me. It had
been a day filled with unexpected twists and turns, a day that had altered the
course of my life forever.

I had embarked on a journey that morning, not knowing where it would lead me.
With each step, I ventured deeper into the heart of the forest, its towering trees and
dappled sunlight creating an enchanting world of mystery and wonder. I felt a sense
of exhilaration and an awakening of my spirit as I explored the hidden paths and
secret clearings.

And then, amidst the whispering leaves and the gentle hum of nature, I stumbled
upon a clearing unlike any other. In the center stood a magnificent tree, its
branches adorned with shimmering crystals that caught the sunlight and scattered
it in a dazzling display of colors. It was a sight that defied explanation—a sight that
seemed to hold the very secrets of the universe.

As I approached the tree, a figure emerged from the shadows. Her presence was
ethereal, and her eyes were filled with ancient wisdom. She spoke of magic, of
dreams, and of the power that resided within us all. She offered me a choice—a
choice that would forever alter the path of my life.

With a heart full of hope and a sense of destiny, I made my decision. I chose the
path of adventure and wonder, of dreams and possibilities. And as I reached out to
touch the shimmering crystals, a rush of energy coursed through me, filling me with
a sense of purpose and joy.

But now, as I stand here in the fading light, I cannot help but wonder if I made the
right choice. The world around me has transformed into a place of uncertainty and
chaos. The very magic that once filled the air has waned, leaving behind a void that
seems impossible to fill.
I wish things did not end like this. I wish I could go back to that moment in the
forest, to that choice I made with such optimism and excitement. I long for the days
of wonder and enchantment, for the dreams that once danced on the edges of my
consciousness.

But as the darkness deepens and the world shifts around me, I must carry the
weight of my decision and hope that, one day, the magic will return and the world
will once again be filled with the enchantment I so dearly miss. Until then, I can only
hold on to the memory of that fateful day and whisper to the wind, "I wish things did
not end like this.