Digital Signal

Processing
(EET 3051)

ASSIGNMENT SET – 06

Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and Inverse Discrete Fourier

Transform (IDFT) of a sequence

Submission Date:

Branch: ECE
Section:
Name Registration No. Signature
Tirthapada Sahoo 2241019160

Department of Electronics & Communication

Engineering
Institute of Technical Education and Research
(Faculty of Engineering)
Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be
University)
 Bhubaneswar

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1. AIM: To develop program for DFT and IDFT of a sequence.

Theory:

The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) of a sequence is given by

N −1 − j 2 π nk
DFT{x(n)} = X ( k )= ∑ x (n)e N
, for k=0, 1, 2….. N-1
n=0

The Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) of a sequence given by

N−1 j 2 π nk
1
IDFT{X(k)} = x ( n )= ∑ X (k )e N , for n = 0, 1, 2….. N-1
N k=0

3. Implementation: Write MATLAB code.

1. Find the 4point and 8 point DFT of a sequence given by x(n)= {1,1,1,1}.
%CODE
clc; clear all; close all;
x = [1 1 1 1]; % Input sequence
% 4-point DFT
N1 = 4;
n1 = 0:N1-1;
k1 = n1';
W1 = exp(-1j*2*pi*k1*n1/N1);
X4 = W1* x.';
X_4 = fft(x, 4);
disp('4-point DFT using DFT formula:');
disp(X4);
disp('4-point DFT using fft() function:');
disp(X_4)
figure(1);
subplot(3,1,1)
stem(n1,x)
xlabel('Time')
ylabel('Amplitude')
title('Given Sequence')
subplot(3,1,2)
stem(n1,X4)
xlabel('Time')
ylabel('Amplitude')
title('4-point DFT using DFT formula')
subplot(3,1,3)
stem(n1,X_4)
xlabel('Time')
ylabel('Amplitude')
title('4-point DFT using fft() function')
gtext('Tirtha 2241019160')
% 8-point DFT (zero-padding to length 8)

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N2 = 8;
x8 = [x, zeros(1, N2 - length(x))]; % Zero-pad to 8 samples
n2 = 0:N2-1;
k2 = n2';
W2 = exp(-1j*2*pi*k2*n2/N2);
X8 = W2 * x8.';
X_8 = fft(x, 8);
disp('8-point DFT using DFT formula:');
disp(X8);
disp('8-point DFT using fft() function:');
disp(X_8)
figure(2);
subplot(3,1,1)
stem(n2,x8)
xlabel('Time')
ylabel('Amplitude')
title('Given Sequence')
subplot(3,1,2)
stem(n2,X8)
xlabel('Time')
ylabel('Amplitude')
title('8-point DFT using DFT formula')
subplot(3,1,3)
stem(n2,X_8)
xlabel('Time')
ylabel('Amplitude')
title('8-point DFT using fft() function')
gtext('Tirtha 2241019160')

%OUTPUT
4-point DFT using DFT formula:
4.0000 + 0.0000i
-0.0000 - 0.0000i
0.0000 - 0.0000i
0.0000 - 0.0000i
4-point DFT using fft() function:
4 0 0 0
8-point DFT using DFT formula:
4.0000 + 0.0000i
1.0000 - 2.4142i
-0.0000 - 0.0000i
1.0000 - 0.4142i
0.0000 - 0.0000i
1.0000 + 0.4142i
0.0000 - 0.0000i
1.0000 + 2.4142i
8-point DFT using fft() function:
Columns 1 through 5
4.0000 + 0.0000i 1.0000 - 2.4142i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 1.0000 -
0.4142i 0.0000 + 0.0000i
Columns 6 through 8
1.0000 + 0.4142i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 1.0000 + 2.4142i
>>

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%PLOT

% 4-point DFT

Given Sequence
Amplitude

1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Time
4-point DFT using DFT formula
Amplitude

4
2
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Time
4-point DFT using fft() function
Amplitude

4
2
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Tirtha 2241019160 Time

% 8-point DFT

Given Sequence
Amplitude

1
0.5
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Time
8-point DFT using DFT formula
Amplitude

4
2
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Time
8-point DFT using fft() function
Amplitude

4
2
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Tirtha 2241019160 Time

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2. Find the 4point and 8 point IDFT of a sequence given by X(k) = {1,0,
1 ,0}.
%CODE
clc; clear all; close all
% Frequency domain input sequence
X = [1 0 1 0];
% 4-point IDFT
N1 = 4;
k1 = 0:N1-1;
n1 = k1';
W1 = exp(1j*2*pi*n1*k1/N1);% IDFT matrix
x4 = (1/N1) * W1 * X.';% Compute IDFT
disp('4-point IDFT using formula:');
disp(x4);
x_4 = ifft(X);% MATLAB automatically treats length as 4
disp('4-point IDFT using ifft:');
disp(x_4);
% Plot real part of result
figure(1);
subplot(3,1,1)
stem(X)
title('Given Sequence')
xlabel('time n'); ylabel('Amplitude x(n)');
grid on;
subplot(3,1,2)
stem(0:N1-1, real(x4), 'filled');
title('Real Part of 4-point IDFT using formula');
xlabel('time n'); ylabel('Amplitude x(n)');
grid on;
subplot(3,1,3)
stem(0:N1-1, real(x_4), 'filled');
title('Real Part of 4-point IDFT using ifft()');
xlabel('time n'); ylabel('Amplitude x(n)');
grid on;
gtext('Tirtha 2241019160')
% 8-point IDFT (zero-padding X(k) to length 8)
N2 = 8;
X8 = [X, zeros(1, N2 - length(X))];% Zero-pad in frequency domain
k2 = 0:N2-1;
n2 = k2';
W2 = exp(1j*2*pi*n2*k2/N2);% IDFT matrix
x8 = (1/N2) * W2 * X8.';% Compute IDFT
disp('8-point IDFT using formula:');
disp(x8);
x_8 = ifft(X8);% MATLAB computes 8-point IDFT
disp('8-point IDFT using ifft:');
disp(x_8);
% Plot real part of result
figure(2);
subplot(3,1,1)
stem(X8)

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title('Given Sequence')
xlabel('time n'); ylabel('Amplitude x(n)');
grid on;
subplot(3,1,2)
stem(0:N2-1, real(x8), 'filled');
title('Real Part of 8-point IDFT');
xlabel('time n'); ylabel('Amplitude x(n)');
grid on;
subplot(3,1,3)
stem(0:N2-1, real(x_8), 'filled');
title('Real Part of 8-point IDFT using ifft()');
xlabel('time n'); ylabel('Amplitude x(n)');
grid on;
gtext('Tirtha 2241019160')

%OUTPUT
4-point IDFT using formula:
0.5000 + 0.0000i
0.0000 + 0.0000i
0.5000 - 0.0000i
0.0000 + 0.0000i
4-point IDFT using ifft:
0.5000 0 0.5000 0
8-point IDFT using formula:
0.2500 + 0.0000i
0.1250 + 0.1250i
0.0000 + 0.0000i
0.1250 - 0.1250i
0.2500 - 0.0000i
0.1250 + 0.1250i
0.0000 + 0.0000i
0.1250 - 0.1250i
8-point IDFT using ifft:
Columns 1 through 5
0.2500 + 0.0000i 0.1250 + 0.1250i 0.0000 + 0.0000i
0.1250 - 0.1250i 0.2500 + 0.0000i
Columns 6 through 8
0.1250 + 0.1250i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.1250 - 0.1250i
>>

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%PLOT

% 4-point DFT
Amplitude x(n) Amplitude x(n) Amplitude x(n)

Given Sequence
1
0.5
0
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
time n
Real Part of 4-point IDFT using formula
0.5

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
time n
Real Part of 4-point IDFT using ifft()
0.5

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Tirtha 2241019160 time n

% 8-point DFT
Amplitude x(n) Amplitude x(n) Amplitude x(n)

Given Sequence
1
0.5
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
time n
Real Part of 8-point IDFT
0.4
0.2
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
time n
Real Part of 8-point IDFT using ifft()
0.4
0.2
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Tirtha 2241019160 time n

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4.Conclusion
Make a list of all the new in-built functions that you learned in this
assignment set.
Sl. No. Function Name Short Description
1 fft() Y = fft(x) returns the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of
vector x, computed with a fast Fourier transform (FFT)
algorithm.
2 ifft() y = ifft(X) returns the inverse discrete Fourier transform
(DFT) of vector X, computed with a fast Fourier transform
(FFT) algorithm. If X is a matrix,ifft returns the inverse
DFT of each column of the matrix.
3 stem() stem(Y) plots the data sequence, Y, as stems that extend
from a baseline along the x-axis. The data values are
indicated by circles terminating each stem.
3 real() X = real(Z) returns the real part of the elements of the
complex array Z.

Describe (in your own words and handwriting) what you have learned in this
assignment set.

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 ___________________________
(Signature of the Student)
Date:_____/____/_____

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