Section 1
Unit 4.3
Work and Power
Section 1
College - 8th Grade Physics
20 April 2020 – Compiled by İbrahim Ekin Erkan
Work in Physics
Gravitational Potential Energy
Kinetic Energy
Relationship Between Work and Energy
Energy is the ability to do physical .
SI Unit of energy is .
There are types of different energy stores. What are these stores?
How does energy is being transferred between these stores?
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Work in Physics
Gravitational Potential Energy
Kinetic Energy
Relationship Between Work and Energy
Energy is the ability to do physical .
work The eight types of those
stores are:
SI Unit of energy is Joules(J). 1- Kinetic E.
2- Gravitational
There are Eight_ types of different energy stores. What are these Pot. E. 3- Elastic Pot
stores?
How E. 4-
does energy is being transferred between these 5- Thermal E.
Chemical E.
stores?
Mechanically, electrically, by heating, by radiation (light and sound) 6- Nuclear E.
8- Magnetic E.
3 7- Electrostatic E.
In order to do “work” in physics, energy has to be transferred from one store to
another
For mechanical work, a force has to move in the direction that it is acting.
We can calculate the amount of work done with the equation:
Work Done, W, is measured in Joules(J). Force, F, is measured in Newtons(N).
Distance moved by the force, D, is measured in metres(m). Therefore 1 J = 1 N ∙
m
Can you calculate the work done by the man below?
Solution: ?
Watch: Work Done
4 by a Force
In order to do “work” in physics, energy has to be transferred from one store to
another
For mechanical work, a force has to move in the direction that it is acting.
We can calculate the amount of work done with the equation:
Work Done, W, is measured in Joules(J). Force, F, is measured in Newtons(N).
Distance moved by the force, D, is measured in metres(m). Therefore 1 J = 1 N ∙
m
Can you calculate the work done by the man below?
Solution:
Since W = F ⅹD, F=10N and D=2M,
W = 10 ⅹ 2 = 20 J
Watch: Work Done
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by a Force
When an object is being lifted, work is done against gravity since we have to overcome
the
weight of the object by applying a force greater than the weight of the object.
Weight of an object can be calculated with the equation:
Both Work Done and Weight are shown
Since weight is a force, it is measured in Newtons(N). with symbol W. Do not mix them up!
Mass of the object is measured in kilograms(kg).
Gravitational acceleration of the Earth is 10 N/kg or m/s2.
Can you calculate the work done by the athlete when he lifts a mass of 50 kg by 2 metres?
Solution: ?
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When an object is being lifted, work is done against gravity since we have to overcome
the
weight of the object by applying a force greater than the weight of the object.
Weight of an object can be calculated with the equation:
Both Work Done and Weight are shown
Since weight is a force, it is measured in Newtons(N). with symbol W. Do not mix them up!
Mass of the object is measured in kilograms(kg).
Gravitational acceleration of the Earth is 10 N/kg or m/s2.
Can you calculate the work done by the athlete when he lifts a mass of 50 kg by 2 metres?
Solution:
First we calculate the weight of the
object. W=m x g so W = 50 x 10 = 500N
Now work done can be calculate,
W = F x D so W = 500 x 2 = 1000J
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Watch: Gravitational
Potential Energy
Gravitational potential energy, or GPE for short, is the energy stored in an object due to
its
weight and height from the ground.
It can be calculated with the equation:
GPE is measured in Joules(J), mass is measured in kilograms(kg), height in
metres(m) and gravitational acceleration in N/kg or m/s2
Height represents the height of the centre of mass of the object from the ground.
Can you calculate the GPE stored in an object of 50 kg when it is standing 2 m above the ground?
Solution: ?
8
Watch: Gravitational
Potential Energy
Gravitational potential energy, or GPE for short, is the energy stored in an object due to
its
weight and height from the ground.
It can be calculated with the equation:
GPE is measured in Joules(J), mass is measured in kilograms(kg), height in
metres(m) and gravitational acceleration in N/kg or m/s2
Height represents the height of the centre of mass of the object from the ground.
Can you calculate the GPE stored in an object of 50 kg when it is standing 2 m above the ground?
Solution:
mass of the object is 50
kg, g on Earth is 10N/kg
and its height 2m.
Since GPE=m∙g ∙h
9 GPE = 50 ∙10 ∙ 2
= 100J
Watch: Kinetic Energy
Kinetic energy is the energy stored in an object due to it movement.
KE depends on the mass and the speed of the object. It can be calculated by equation:
where KE is measured in Joules(J), mass in kilograms(kg) and speed in metres/second(m/s)
When an object is at rest or stationary, its speed is 0 m/s so it doesn’t move
therefore it doesn’t have any kinetic energy.
Can you calculate the kinetic energy of the speed car of mass 1200 moving at 30 m/s in kJ?
Solution: ?
10
Watch: Kinetic Energy
Kinetic energy is the energy stored in an object due to it movement.
KE depends on the mass and the speed of the object. It can be calculated by equation:
where KE is measured in Joules(J), mass in kilograms(kg) and speed in metres/second(m/s)
When an object is at rest or stationary, its speed is 0 m/s so it doesn’t move
therefore it doesn’t have any kinetic energy.
Can you calculate the kinetic energy of the speed car of mass 1200 moving at 30 m/s in kJ?
Solution:
Mass of the car is 1200 kg,
It moves at 30m/s. Since KE=1/2 ∙ m ∙ v2
KE= ½ ∙ 1200 ∙ 302
KE= 540,000 J. 1 kJ = 1000 J
so 540,000 J = 540 kJ
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Watch: Work done and Energy Transfer
Work is done when energy is transferred. Therefore work done is equal to change in energy.
Change in energy in this case includes both change in KE and change in GPE
Can you calculate the work done on the a ball when it accelerates from 5 m/s to 10 m/s?
Mass of the ball is 500g.
Solution: ?
12
Watch: Work done and Energy Transfer
Work is done when energy is transferred. Therefore work done is equal to change in energy.
Change in energy in this case includes both change in KE and change in GPE
Can you calculate the work done on the a ball when it accelerates from 5 m/s to 10 m/s?
Mass of the ball is 500g.
Solution:
Mass of the ball is 500g. It has to be converted to kg.
500g = 0.5 kg
KE1=1/2 ∙ 0.5 ∙ 52 = 6.25 J
KE2=1/2 ∙ 0.5 ∙ 102 =25 J
ΔE = E2 – E1 = 25 – 6.25 = 18.75 J
Since W = ΔE, W = 18.75 J
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B.Arnold, P. Johnson, S.Woolley, 2017,
PEARSON EDEXCEL INTERNATIONAL GCSE(9-1) PHYSICS Student Book,
Pearson Education Limited, London
N. England, 2013, EDEXCEL INTERNATIONAL GCSE, Hodder Education, London
Video Sources:
Work done by a force @ Freesciencelessons, 2017, GCSE Science Physics (9-1)
Gravitational Potential Energy @ Freesciencelessons, 2017, GCSE Science Physics (9-1)
Kinetic Energy@ Freesciencelessons, 2017, GCSE Science Physics (9-1)
Work done and Energy Transfer @Freesciencelessons, 2018, GCSE Science Physics (9-1)
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