5th Grade Math Vocabulary Cards (by enVision Topic)
Topic 1 Topic 2 Topic 3 Topic 4 Topic 5 Topic 6 Topic 7
ascending Associative Associative Distributive Property Distributive equation coefficient
decimal Property of Property of of Multiplication Property of Division expression coordinate
descending Addition Multiplication equation dividend terms plane (grid)
equivalent Commutative Commutative expression divisor input
equivalent Property of Property of equation ordered pair
decimals Addition Multiplication expression origin
expanded form compatible Distributive partial quotient output
Identity Property numbers Property of quotient plot
of Addition compensation Multiplication terms rule
Identity Property equation dividend whole numbers terms
of Multiplication expression divisor x-axis
number line Identity Property equal sign (=) x-coordinate
plot of Multiplication equation y-axis
standard form number line expression y-coordinate
thousandth plot Identity Property
value of Multiplication
word form inequality
overestimate
partial product
terms
underestimate
variable
whole numbers
Topic 8 Topic 9 Topic 10 Topic 11 Topic 12 Topic 13 Topic 14
area model area model area model acute angle data equal sign (=) capacity
benchmark parallel lines parallel lines acute triangle interval equation centimeter
fraction perimeter perimeter angle line graph expression cup
common terms terms apex line plot numerical fluid ounce
denominator unit fraction attribute mean expression foot
common multiple base median order of gallon
equivalent fraction composite figure mode operations hour
fraction cone numerical data parenthesis inch
mixed number cube range kilometer
perimeter cubic unit scale liter
terms cylinder meter
unlike edge mile
denominator equilateral triangle milliliter
face millimeter
formula minute
isosceles triangle pint
obtuse triangle quart
parallel lines second
parallelogram terms
prisms yard
quadrilateral
rectangle
right rectangular
prism
rhombus
right angle
right triangle
scalene triangle
sphere
square
right square
pyramid
trapezoid
right triangular prism
triangular pyramid
triangle
unit cube
vertex
volume
5th Grade
acute angle
An angle larger than 0°
and smaller than 90°.
acute triangle
A triangle with all interior
angles smaller than 90°.
5th Grade
apex
The point furthest from the
base of an object where the
faces meet in a point.
area
The measurement of the inside
of a two-dimensional figure.
The number of square units
needed to cover a two-
dimensional figure. 9 square units
5th Grade
area model
A rectangular diagram used
to model multiplication and
division of numbers.
ascending
To increase in size or order.
5th Grade
Associative Property of Addition
Addends can be regrouped
(a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
and the sum remains the
same. (2 + 3) + 5 = 2 + (3 + 5)
Associative Property of Multiplication
Factors can be regrouped
(a x b) x c = a x (b x c)
and the product stays the
same. (2 x 3) x 5 = 2 x (3 x 5)
5th Grade
attribute
The traits or characteristics Example: A pentagon has 5
of a figure or object. sides.
base
The bottom face of a solid
that is used to name the
three-dimensional figure.
5th Grade
benchmark fraction
A known fraction that is
commonly used as a reference 1 1 1 3
point for comparing, estimating, , , ,
4 3 2 4
and computing fractions.
capacity
The amount a container can
hold, measured in liquid
units.
5th Grade
centimeter
A metric unit of length.
coefficient
The number or constant that
multiplies a variable in an
Within the expression 4𝑥𝑦, 4 is the
algebraic expression. If no coefficient.
number is specified, the
coefficient is 1.
5th Grade
common denominator
A number that is the
denominator of two or
more fractions.
Commutative Property of Addition
Numbers can be added in
2+5=7 3 + 6 + 2 = 11
any order and the sum will
remain the same. 5+2=7 6 + 2 + 3 = 11
5th Grade
Commutative Property of Multiplication
Numbers can be multiplied
2 x 5 = 10 3 X 2 x 5 = 30
in any order and the
product remains the same. 5 x 2 = 10 5 x 3 x 2 = 30
compatible numbers
Numbers that are easy to
compute mentally. 10 + 2 = 12
25 x 4 = 100
5th Grade
compensation
A method of adjusting
numbers to make the 26 + 24
computation easier. 25 + 25 = 50
composite figure
A two- or three-dimensional
figure that can be
decomposed into smaller
figures.
5th Grade
cone
A cone is a three-dimensional
geometric figure, object, or
shape that tapers smoothly from
a flat base to a point called the
apex or vertex.
coordinate plane (grid)
A grid that is used to locate
points in a plane using an
ordered pair of numbers.
5th Grade
cube
A rectangular prism with six
congruent square faces.
cubic unit
The volume of a cube that
measures 1 unit of length
on each edge.
5th Grade
cup
A customary unit of
capacity.
cylinder
A figure containing two
congruent, parallel, circular
bases whose edges are
connected by a perpendicular
curved surface.
5th Grade
data
Pieces of collected
information.
decimal
A number with one or more
0.347
digits to the right of the
three hundred forty-seven
decimal point.
thousandths
5th Grade
dividend
A quantity that is to be In the equation 6 ÷ 2 = 3
divided. 6 is the dividend.
divisor
A number by which another In the equation 6 ÷ 2 = 3
number is divided. 2 is the divisor.
5th Grade
edge
In a figure, the segment or
curve where two faces
intersect. edge
equation
A number sentence that
9 x 3 = 27
uses an equal sign to show
that two expressions have 27 = 9 x 3
the same value.
5th Grade
equivalent
Numbers or values that are 34 + 23 = 20 + 37
equal in amount.
equivalent decimals
Decimals that name the
same amount.
Example: 0.7 = 0.70
5th Grade
expanded form
A number broken apart and
represented by each place 500 + 30 + 2
value. 3 + 0.1 + 0.005
expression
A mathematical phrase. 78 x 19
23+ 45
5th Grade
face
The flat surface of a solid
object.
fluid ounce
A customary unit of
capacity.
5th Grade
foot
A customary unit of length.
formula
A rule that uses symbols to
relate two or more Example:
quantities. Volume = length x width x height
5th Grade
fraction
A symbol used to name a
part of a whole, a part of a
set, or a location on a
number line.
gallon
A unit for measuring
capacity in the customary
system.
5th Grade
hour
A unit of time equal to 60
minutes.
Identity Property of Addition
The sum of any number and
zero is the number.
7+0=7
5th Grade
Identity Property of Multiplication
The product of any number
and one is the number. 7x1=7
inequality
A number sentence that uses
the greater than sign (>) or the
less than sign (<) to show that 715 > 713
two expressions do not have the 715 is greater than 713
same value.
5th Grade
inch
A customary unit of length.
input
What is put in or operated
on by a rule.
Rule: Add 3
5th Grade
interval
A number which is the
difference between two
consecutive numbers on
the scale of a graph. The interval of the scale is 2.
kilometer
A metric unit of length.
5th Grade
liter
A metric unit of capacity.
mean
The sum of all values in a
For the data set 2.3, 5.1, 9,
data set divided by the
9, 11.5, 12, 17.1, the mean
number of values in the set,
is 9.4.
also called the average.
5th Grade
median
The middle of an ordered list of values. For the data set 23, 25, 26, 37, 40,
If the list has an odd number of values, 42, 44, 44, 48, 90, the median is
it is the middle value of the list. If the 41.
list has an even number of values, it is
For the data set 4, 7, 8, 11, 14, 16,
the mean of the two middle values.
20, the median is 11.
meter
A metric unit of length.
5th Grade
mile
A customary unit of length.
milliliter
A metric unit of capacity.
5th Grade
millimeter
A metric unit of length.
minute
A unit of time equal to 60
seconds.
5th Grade
mixed number
A number that has a whole
number part and a fraction
part.
numerical data
Data involving numbers
including measurement
data.
5th Grade
numerical expression
A mathematical phrase
contains numbers and at
73 x 19
least one operation.
obtuse angle
An angle larger than 90°
and smaller than 180°.
5th Grade
obtuse triangle
A triangle containing one
interior angle greater than
90°.
output
What is taken out or
operated on by a rule.
Rule: Add 3
5th Grade
overestimate
An estimate that is greater
than the actual answer.
parallelogram
A quadrilateral containing two pairs of
parallel sides. A member of the
following shape classes: polygons,
quadrilaterals, trapezoids. Sub-classes
include rectangles, rhombi, and
squares.
5th Grade
parenthesis
The symbols () used to
group numbers or variables
Example: 3 (15 – 7)
in mathematical
expressions.
perimeter
The sum of the side lengths
of a polygon.
Square: P = s+s+s+s Rectangle: P = l + l + w + w
5th Grade
pint
A customary unit of
capacity.
plot
To mark a point on a
number line or coordinate
grid label it to indicate its
value.
5th Grade
quart
A customary unit of
capacity.
range
The difference between the For the data set 5, 7, 11,
greatest and least value in 8, 9, 3,12 the range is 9.
a data set. 12 – 3 = 9
5th Grade
rectangle
A quadrilateral containing four right
angles and opposite sides are
congruent. A member of the following
shape classes: polygons,
quadrilaterals, trapezoids, and
parallelograms.
rhombus
A quadrilateral containing four
equal-length sides. Subclasses
include: polygons, quadrilaterals,
trapezoids, and parallelograms and
square.
5th Grade
right rectangular prism
A solid figure with six
rectangular faces and two
rectangular bases.
right square pyramid
A pyramid having a square
base.
5th Grade
right triangle
A triangle in which one
angle is a right angle.
right triangular prism
A solid figure with two
triangular bases and three
rectangular faces.
5th Grade
rule
A mathematical phrase that
tells how numbers in a
table are related.
scalene triangle
A triangle containing three
unequal side lengths and
three unequal angle
measures.
5th Grade
second
A unit of time.
sphere
A three-dimensional figure
with all points equidistant
from a point called the
center.
5th Grade
square
A quadrilateral with four right angles
and four equal sides. A member of the
following shape classes: polygons,
quadrilaterals, trapezoids,
parallelograms, rectangles, rhombuses.
standard form
A way to write a number
showing only its digits. 5.25
½
315
5th Grade
terms
Numbers in a sequence or
variables, such as X and Y, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25
in an expression.
X + 5 = 12
thousandths
One of 1,000 equal parts
of a whole.
5th Grade
trapezoid
A quadrilateral with at least
one pair of parallel sides.
Subclasses include:
parallelogram, rectangles,
rhombus, and squares.
underestimate
An estimate that is less
than the actual answer.
5th Grade
unit fraction
Fraction whose numerator Example: 1 and 1 are unit
2 6
is 1 and represents one
fractions
part of all the equal parts
of the whole.
value
How much something is
worth.
5th Grade
variable
A letter, such as n, that
stands for a number in an
4+y=8
expression or an equation.
vertex
The point at which the rays or
sides of an angle, the sides of a
two-dimensional figure or the
edges of a three-dimensional figure
meet. Plural is vertices. vertex
5th Grade
volume
The number of cubic units
needed to fill a solid figure.
word form
A way to write a number
using words.
5th Grade
x-axis
The horizontal axis in
certain graphs and in a
coordinate plane.
x-coordinate
The horizontal value in a
pair of coordinates.
5th Grade
yard
A customary unit of length.
y-axis
The vertical axis in certain
graphs and in a coordinate
plane.
5th Grade
y-coordinate
The vertical value in a pair
of coordinates.
5th Grade
The following pages contain 5th grade vocabulary cards that were
revised in June 2024.
A summary of these changes is provided on the next page.
5th Grade
5th Grade Math Vocabulary Cards
Summary of Changes (by enVision Topic)
Topic 1 Topic 8
descending (font adjusted) common multiple (added)
number line (added) equivalent fraction (added)
unlike denominator (added)
Topic 2
number line (added) Topic 9
parallel lines (revised to plural)
Topic 3
Distributive Property of Multiplication Topic 10
(font adjusted) parallel lines (revised to plural)
equal sign (=) (added symbol)
partial product (font adjusted) Topic 11
whole numbers (revised to plural/font angles (revised to plural)
adjusted) equilateral triangle (revised
definition/font adjusted)
Topic 4 isosceles triangle (font adjusted)
Distributive Property of Multiplication parallel lines (revised to plural)
(font adjusted) quadrilateral (font adjusted)
right angle (font adjusted)
Topic 5 triangular pyramid (added)
Distributive Property of Division (font triangle (font adjusted)
adjusted) unit cube (font adjusted)
partial quotient (font adjusted)
quotient (font adjusted) Topic 12
whole numbers (revised to plural/font line graph (font adjusted)
adjusted) line plot (font adjusted)
mode (font adjusted)
Topic 7 scale (font adjusted)
ordered pair (font adjusted)
origin (font adjusted) Topic 13
equal sign (=) (added symbol)
order of operations (font adjusted)
5th Grade
descending
To decrease in size.
number line
A straight line with evenly
spaced marks labeled with
successive numbers. Values
are plotted as points on the
number line.
5th Grade
Distributive Property of Multiplication
The sum of addends multiplied
by a number gives you the 6(2+3) = (6x2) + (6x3)
same answer as multiplying
each addend separately then
adding the products together.
equal sign (=)
The equal sign is placed 7=3+4
between two quantities or
expressions that have the same 4×2=5+3
values. Equal values are
separated by an equal sign. 5+? = 17 is true if ? = 12.
5th Grade
partial product
A strategy for solving a
multiplication problem that
breaks apart the factors by
place value.
whole numbers
The numbers beginning
from zero that do not 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …
contain a fraction or
decimal.
5th Grade
Distributive Property of Division
When dividing by a 282 ÷ 6
difference of terms, you (240 ÷ 6) + (42 ÷ 6)
must divide each term in
40 + 7 = 47
the difference.
partial quotient
A strategy for solving a
division problem that
breaks apart factors by
place value.
5th Grade
quotient
The answer to a division
problem.
ordered pair
A pair of numbers used to
locate a point on a
coordinate grid.
5th Grade
origin
In a coordinate plane, the
location where the x-axis and
y- axis intersect. The
coordinates of the origin are
(0,0).
common multiple
A number that is a
multiple of two or more
numbers.
5th Grade
equivalent fractions
Fractions that name the
same region, part of a set,
or part of a segment.
angles
Angles are formed
wherever two lines,
segments, or rays intersect.
5th Grade
equilateral triangle
A triangle with three equal-
length sides and three 60 °
interior angles. Also known as
an equiangular triangle.
isosceles triangle
A triangle containing at least
two equal length sides and
two equal interior angle
measures; to include
equilateral triangles. 5 cm
5th Grade
quadrilateral
A polygon with exactly four
sides and four vertices.
Subclasses include trapezoids,
parallelograms, rectangles,
rhombi, and squares.
right angle
An angle measuring exactly
90°.
5th Grade
triangular pyramid
A geometric solid with a
triangular base, and all
three lateral faces are also
triangles with a common
vertex.
triangle
A polygon with exactly
three sides, three vertices,
and three interior angles.
5th Grade
unit cube
A cube is a three-
dimensional square. It is
an object with all edges
equal in size.
line graph
A display of ordered pairs of
related data that are
connected by lines. Shows
change in data over time.
5th Grade
line plot
A method of visually displaying
a distribution of data values
where each data value is shown
as an X mark above a number
line.
mode
The value found most often in a For the data set 3.3, 5, 13.7, 6.2,
set of numbers. There may be 9.3, 9 there is no mode.
no mode, one mode, or more For the data set 32, 73, 88, 35, 42,
than one mode in a set of 73, 33, 88, 64 the modes are 73 and
numbers. 88.
5th Grade
scale
A series of numbers at equal
distances along an axis on a
graph.
order of operations
The order in which
operations are done in
calculations.
5th Grade
5th Grade
