NATIONAL
SENIOR CERTIFICATE
GRADE 11
NOVEMBER 2022
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2
MARKS: 150
TIME: 2½ hours
This question paper consists of 12 pages.
2 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2022)
INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION
1. This question paper consists of TWO sections, namely SECTION A and
SECTION B.
2. Answer ALL the questions in the ANSWER BOOK.
3. Start each question on a NEW page.
4. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this
question paper.
5. You may use a non-programmable calculator.
6. Show ALL calculations, including formulae, where applicable.
7. Write neatly and legibly.
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(EC/NOVEMBER 2022) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 3
SECTION A
QUESTION 1
1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions.
Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers
(1.1.1 to 1.1.10) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.1.11 D.
1.1.1 Root hair cells absorb water through …
A osmosis.
B diffusion.
C active uptake.
D guttation.
1.1.2 … is the even distribution of a fertiliser over the surface of a field.
A Band placing
B Broadcasting
C Fertigation
D Aerial application
1.1.3 A farmer buys a fertiliser with the inscription 3 : 2 : 1 (28) on it. This
means the fertiliser contains ...
A 28% N.
B 14% N.
C 50% N.
D 9,3% N.
1.1.4 … is NOT an example of a stored grain pest.
A A rice weevil
B A flour moth
C A grain beetle
D A maize stalk borer
1.1.5 … is an example of mechanical weed control.
A Crop rotation
B Introduction of natural enemies
C Use of fire
D Use of herbicides
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4 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2022)
1.1.6 The state plays the following roles in plant protection.
(i) Drafts legislation
(ii) Provides quarantine services
(iii) Apply pesticides on behalf of farmers
(iv) Carries out research
Choose the CORRECT combination:
A (i), (ii) and (iv)
B (i), (iii) and (iv)
C (i) and (ii)
D (ii), (iii) and (iv)
1.1.7 Which ONE of the following is NOT a disadvantage of monoculture?
A Provides an ideal environment for spread of diseases
B Large amounts of pesticides are required
C High chances of total crop failure
D Only one type of machinery, knowledge and inputs are required
1.1.8 The … is the most appropriate drainage system on a piece of land that
has a clear depression down the middle.
A natural system
B herringbone
C grid system
D parallel system
1.1.9 Data from a soil survey is used for the following, except for …
A farm planning.
B regional planning.
C household planning.
D property valuations.
1.1.10 Which ONE of the following systems, is most water efficient?
A Flood irrigation
B Drip irrigation
C Sprinkler irrigation
D Micro-spray system (10 x 2) (20)
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(EC/NOVEMBER 2022) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 5
1.2 Choose a word/term from COLUMN B that matches a description in
COLUMN A. Write only the letter (A–H) next to question numbers
(1.2.1 to 1.2.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.2.6 I.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
1.2.1 Attraction force between different A Turgid
molecules
1.2.2 Soft, weak, flabby cells caused by the loss B Ablactation
of water
1.2.3 A process during which a fruit tree sheds C Hydroponics
many young flowers and fruits to reduce
the amount of fruit set
1.2.4 The production of fruit without fertilisation D Adhesion
of ovules
1.2.5 Growing plants without soil, by using E Parthenocarpy
mineral nutrient solutions
F Cohesion
G Flaccid
H Bonding
(5 x 2) (10)
1.3 Give ONE word/term for each of the following descriptions. Write ONLY the
word/term next to the question number (1.3.1 to 1.3.5) in the ANSWER BOOK.
1.3.1 Substances that are added to soil to improve the nutritional status of
soil.
1.3.2 A white or grey material that consists of hydrated calcium sulphate
(CaSO4.2H2O).
1.3.3 The fusion of male and female gametes.
1.3.4 The manipulation of living things to make useful products.
1.3.5 The controlled process of cultivating aquatic organisms, especially for
human consumption. (5 x 2) (10)
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6 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2022)
1.4 Change the UNDERLINED WORD(S) in each of the following statements to
make them TRUE. Write only the answer next to the question numbers
(1.4.1 to 1.4.5) in the ANSWER BOOK.
1.4.1 Necrosis is the yellowing of plant leaves due to the non-production of
chlorophyll in plants.
1.4.2 Chemicals used to control fungi are called herbicides.
1.4.3 An evaporation pan is used to measure soil moisture tension in the soil.
1.4.4 Conventional tillage is an agricultural technique for growing crops or
pasture without disturbing the soil through tillage.
1.4.5 The covering of cultivated soil with different substances such as grass
or saw dust is referred to as layering. (5 x 1) (5)
TOTAL SECTION A: 45
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(EC/NOVEMBER 2022) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 7
SECTION B
QUESTION 2: PLANT STUDIES (NUTRITION)
Start this question on a NEW page.
2.1 Plants are referred to as autotrophic organisms due to their ability to
manufacture food for themselves.
2.1.1 Give TWO organs where the products of photosynthesis are stored. (2)
2.1.2 Briefly describe how climate change might affect photosynthetic rates
in plants. (2)
2.2 Grade 11 learners conducted an experiment to determine the effect of
temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. The effect of temperature on the
rate of photosynthesis is determined by the number of oxygen bubbles evolved.
The learners summarised their results in the table below.
TEMPERATURE (°C) NUMBER OF BUBBLES
15 21
20 25
25 30
30 33
35 35
40 40
2.2.1 Translate the information in the table above into a line graph. (6)
2.2.2 Describe the trend shown in the graph you have drawn in
QUESTION 2.2.1. (2)
2.2.3 Suggest TWO methods farmers can employ to manipulate the factor
shown on the graph for maximum photosynthesis. (2)
2.3 The cell membrane consists of a phospholipid bilayer with various proteins
embedded in it. This structure enables different substances to travel through
the membrane by either simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion or active transport.
2.3.1 Name the method in the extract above that is appropriate for each of
the circumstances given below.
(a) Requires energy in the form of ATP to occur. (1)
(b) Moving nutrients down their concentration gradient (1)
(c) Takes place with the aid of transmembrane proteins. (1)
2.3.2 Differentiate between osmosis and diffusion. (2)
2.3.3 Describe TWO important functions of water in plants. (2)
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8 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2022)
2.4 The table below shows some important plant minerals:
MINERAL DEFICIENCY SYMPTOM MICRO/MACRO
Older leaves appear purple in
A colour Macro
Leaf margins and ends become
B brown and necrotic Macro
Molybdenum Stunted growth C
Nitrogen D Macro
2.4.1 Supply labels (A–D) to make the table complete. (4)
2.4.2 Suggest TWO methods farmers can use to determine the nutrient
status of their soils. (2)
2.4.3 State TWO factors that could influence the availability of the nutrients
in the table above to plants. (2)
2.5 Animal manure is a valuable soil fertiliser for home gardens. It supplies primary
nutrients and micronutrients for plant growth, and also serves as a source of
organic matter. Increasing soil organic matter improves soil structure, increases
water holding capacity of sandy soils and improves drainage of clay soils.
2.5.1 Classify the fertiliser described in the passage above. (1)
2.5.2 Identify TWO physical benefits of animal manure that are mentioned in
the passage above. (2)
2.5.3 Highlight TWO potential dangers associated with the use of animal
manure. (2)
2.5.4 Name the other type of manure that is not in the passage. (1)
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(EC/NOVEMBER 2022) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 9
QUESTION 3: PLANT REPRODUCTION AND PROTECTION
Start this question on a NEW page.
3.1 Analyse the diagram below and answer the questions which follow.
C
E
B
A
3.1.1 Identify the pollination type depicted above. (1)
3.1.2 Name the pollinating agent in the diagram above. (1)
3.1.3 Identify TWO non-sexual parts of the flowers shown above. (2)
3.1.4 Give the collective name of the structures C and B. (1)
3.1.5 Name the structure E in the diagram above and state its function. (2)
3.1.6 Describe TWO adaptations of the flowers in the diagram above for the
type of pollination mentioned in QUESTION 3.1.1. (2)
3.2 The diagram below shows an important stage in plant reproduction.
3.2.1 Identify the process shown in the diagram above. (1)
3.2.2 List TWO basic requirements for the process shown above to be
successful. (2)
3.2.3 Suggest TWO methods that can be employed by farmers to speed up
the process depicted above. (2)
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10 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2022)
3.3 Below are examples of plants that can be propagated through asexual
reproduction.
onions; potatoes; strawberries; roses
3.3.1 Identify an example of a plant from the box above that is propagated
using each of the methods below.
(a) Cuttings (1)
(b) Bulbs (1)
(c) Tubers (1)
(d) Runners (1)
3.3.2 Define asexual reproduction. (2)
3.3.3 Give TWO disadvantages of asexual reproduction methods of plant
propagation. (2)
3.4 The diagram below shows organisms that attack crops on farms.
Bacteria
Fungi
Virus
Aphid
Nematodes
3.4.1 Identify TWO micro-organisms from the diagram above. (2)
3.4.2 Identify ONE pathogen and its vector in the diagram above. (2)
3.4.3 Give TWO modes of transmission of the micro-organisms mentioned
in QUESTION 3.4.1. (2)
3.4.4 Recommend TWO measures farmers take to prevent the spread of
diseases on their farms. (2)
3.5 The flow chart diagram below shows the steps a farmer takes in protecting
crops on the farm.
Preventative measures Monitoring Mechanical control Biological
control Responsible pesticide use
3.5.1 Name the pest control method shown above. (1)
3.5.2 Describe TWO benefits of using the method above. (2)
3.5.3 Suggest TWO challenges that rural farmers might face in implementing
the strategy named in QUESTION 3.4.1. (2)
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(EC/NOVEMBER 2022) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 11
QUESTION 4: OPTIMAL RESOURCE UTILISATION
Start this question on a NEW page.
4.1 The diagram below illustrates a cropping system popular with South African
farmers.
Year 1
Year 4
Year 2
Year 3
4.1.1 Identify the cropping system shown above. (1)
4.1.2 Give TWO reasons why farmers are encouraged to use the cropping
system shown above. (2)
4.1.3 Describe THREE principles that were applied when designing the
cropping system shown above. (3)
4.1.4 The crops in YEAR 3 include beans and peas. Supply the common name
given to these crops. (1)
4.1.5 Explain the role of the crops planted in YEAR 3 in the rotation
programme. (2)
4.2 Tillage is the agricultural preparation of soil by mechanical agitation of various
types, such as digging, stirring, and overturning. It can be human-powered, draft-
animal-powered or mechanised.
4.2.1 Identify the TWO methods from the passage, that resource-poor farmers
are more likely to use to power tillage on their farms. (2)
4.2.2 Give TWO examples of tools that can be used during human-powered
soil tillage. (2)
4.2.3 State THREE functions of soil tillage. (3)
4.2.4 Distinguish between primary tillage and secondary tillage. (4)
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12 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2022)
4.3 The structure below is common on South African farms.
4.3.1 Identify the structure in the picture above. (1)
4.3.2 Outline TWO advantages of using such structures in agriculture. (2)
4.3.3 State THREE environmental conditions to be considered when
selecting the location of the structure mentioned in QUESTION 4.3.1. (3)
4.4 The image below shows an activity that takes place on farms.
4.4.1 Name the process shown in the picture above. (1)
4.4.2 Name TWO sources of water used for the process shown above. (2)
4.4.3 Describe TWO benefits of the process mentioned in QUESTION 4.4.1. (2)
4.4.4 Identify TWO signs of poor-quality water. (2)
4.4.5 Mention TWO consequences of using poor quality water in the process
shown above. (2)
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TOTAL SECTION B: 105
GRAND TOTAL: 150
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NATIONAL
SENIOR CERTIFICATE
GRADE 11
NOVEMBER 2022
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2
MARKING GUIDELINE
MARKS: 150
This marking guideline consists of 8 pages.
2 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2022)
SECTION A
QUESTION 1
1.1 1.1.1 A ✓✓
1.1.2 B ✓✓
1.1.3 B ✓✓
1.1.4 D ✓✓
1.1.5 C ✓✓
1.1.6 A ✓✓
1.1.7 D ✓✓
1.1.8 B ✓✓
1.1.9 C ✓✓
1.1.10 B ✓✓ (10 x 2) (20)
1.2 1.2.1 D ✓✓
1.2.2 G ✓✓
1.2.3 B ✓✓
1.2.4 E ✓✓
1.2.5 C ✓✓ (5 x 2) (10)
1.3 1.3.1 Fertilisers ✓✓
1.3.2 Gypsum ✓✓
1.3.3 Fertilisation ✓✓
1.3.4 Biotechnology ✓✓
1.3.5 Aquaculture ✓✓ (5 x 2) (10)
1.4 1.4.1 Chlorosis ✓
1.4.2 fungicides ✓
1.4.3 Tensiometer ✓
1.4.4 Zero tillage / No till ✓
1.4.5 mulching ✓ (5 x 1) (5)
TOTAL SECTION A: 45
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(EC/NOVEMBER 2022) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 3
SECTION B
QUESTION 2: PLANT STUDIES (NUTRITION)
2.1 2.1.1 Plant organs where products of photosynthesis are stored
• Leaves ✓
• Stems ✓
• Roots ✓
• Tubers ✓
• Bulbs ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2)
2.1.2 Effect of climate change on photosynthetic rates
• The high atmospheric CO2 ✓/ high temperatures ✓ associated with
climate is expected to result in higher rates of photosynthesis ✓
OR
• Extremely low temperatures ✓ will result in low photosynthetic
rates ✓
OR
• Low rainfall ✓ will result in low photosynthetic rates ✓ (2)
2.2 2.2.1 Effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis (bubble
release)
45
Number of bubbles
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
15 20 25 30 35 40
Temperature (°C)
Marking checklist
• Correct heading with both variables ✓
• Correct graph type ✓
• Units (°C) ✓
• y-axis: Correct labelling and calibration ✓
• x-axis: Correct labelling and calibration ✓
• Correct plotting (80% and more correct plotting) ✓ (6)
2.2.2 Description of trend shown in the graph
The higher the temperature, ✓ the higher the number of bubbles
evolved. ✓ (2)
2.2.3 Methods of manipulating temperature
• Use of a greenhouse / tunnel ✓
• Plant density ✓
• Trellising plants ✓
• Pruning ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2)
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2.3 2.3.1 Transport method
A – Active transport ✓
B – Simple diffusion ✓
C – Facilitated diffusion ✓ (3)
2.3.2 Difference between osmosis and diffusion
Diffusion is the movement of any substance from a region of its higher
concentration to a region of its lower concentration, ✓ while osmosis
is a special type of diffusion that involves movement water molecules
from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower
concentration ✓ (2)
2.3.3 Functions of water in plants
• Medium for metabolic processes ✓
• Temperature regulation ✓
• Structural support ✓
• Transport of nutrients /products of photosynthesis ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2)
2.4 2.4.1 Labels
A – Phosphorus ✓
B – Potassium ✓
C – Micro ✓
D – Leaf chlorosis ✓ (4)
2.4.2 Methods that can be used to determine the nutrient status of
soils
• Soil analysis ✓
• Plant analysis ✓ (2)
2.4.3 Factors influencing nutrient availability
• Soil texture ✓
• Soil pH ✓ (2)
2.5 2.5.1 Classification of fertiliser
Organic fertiliser ✓ (1)
2.5.2 Physical benefits of animal manure mentioned in the passage
• Improves soil structure ✓
• Increases water holding capacity ✓
• Improves drainage of clay soils ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2)
2.5.3 Potential dangers associated with the use of animal manure
• May contain pathogens ✓
• Too much fertiliser can lead to eutrophication of water sources ✓ (2)
2.5.4 Another type of manure that is not mentioned in the passage
Green manure ✓ (1)
[35]
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(EC/NOVEMBER 2022) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 5
QUESTION 3: PLANT REPRODUCTION AND PROTECTION
3.1 3.1.1 Identification of pollination type
Cross pollination ✓ (1)
3.1.2 Pollination agent shown in the diagram
Bee ✓ (1)
3.1.3 Non-sexual parts of flower in the diagram
• Petals / corolla ✓
• Sepals / calyx ✓ (2)
3.1.4 Collective name of structures C and B
• Pistil / Gynoecium ✓ (1)
3.1.5 Name and function of structure E
Anther ✓ – Produces pollen grains ✓ (2)
3.1.6 Adaptations of the flowers for cross pollination
• Different height of the stigma and anther ✓
• Different timings of maturation of stigma and anther ✓
• Self-sterility ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2)
3.2 3.2.1 Identification of process shown in the diagram
Germination ✓ (1)
3.2.2 Basic requirements for successful germination
• Warmth ✓
• Moisture ✓
• Plant hormones ✓ (2)
3.2.3 Methods of hastening germination
• Priming / soaking seeds ✓
• Scarification ✓ (2)
3.3 Identification of an example of a plant
3.3.1 • Roses ✓ (1)
• Onions ✓ (1)
• Potatoes ✓ (1)
• Strawberries ✓ (1)
3.3.2 Definition of asexual reproduction
Production of new plants ✓ without fusion of gametes ✓ (2)
3.3.3 Disadvantages of asexual reproduction
• Lack of genetic variation / reduced gene pool ✓
• Negative mutations are passed onto offspring ✓
• Less chances to survive environmental changes ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2)
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6 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2022)
3.4 3.4.1 Identification of micro-organisms
• Virus ✓
• Bacteria ✓
• Fungi ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2)
3.4.2 Identification of pathogen and its vector
Virus ✓ – Aphid ✓ (2)
3.4.3 Modes of pathogen transmission
• Infected seed or seedlings ✓
• Infected clothing ✓
• Infected tools and equipment ✓
• Vectors such as sucking insects ✓
• Spores which can be transmitted by wing or water ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2)
3.4.4 Measures for preventing spread of plant diseases
• Remove all weeds ✓
• Avoid overcrowding plants ✓
• Use disease resistant varieties ✓
• Practice intercropping ✓
• Disinfect pruning tools ✓
• Practice crop rotation ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2)
3.5 3.5.1 Identification of pest management method
Integrated Pest Management ✓ (1)
3.5.2 Benefits of IPM
• Not harmful to the environment ✓
• Reduces need to purchase expensive chemical pesticides ✓
• Less chemicals in food ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2)
3.5.3 Challenges rural farmers might face in implementing IPM
• Lack of knowledge ✓
• Lack of funds to purchase chemical pesticides ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2)
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(EC/NOVEMBER 2022) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 7
QUESTION 4: OPTIMAL RESOURCE UTILISATION
4.1 4.1.1 Identification of cropping system
Crop rotation ✓ (1)
4.1.2 Benefits of crop rotation
• Protects the farmer from total crop failure ✓
• Maintains soil fertility ✓
• Improves soil structure ✓
• Controls pests and diseases ✓
• Increases soil nitrogen content ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2)
4.1.3 Principles applied when designing a crop rotation programme
• Crops that require the same nutrients should not follow each
other ✓
• Crops that are affected by the same pests and diseases should
not follow each other ✓
• Shallow rooted crops should be followed by deep rooted crops ✓ (3)
4.1.4 Common name given to crops planted in Year 3
Legumes ✓ (1)
4.1.5 Role of legumes in a rotation programme
Legumes form a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen fixing, ✓ which
enables them to increase the soil’s nitrogen content. ✓ (2)
4.2 4.2.1 Methods of powering tillage
• Human power ✓
• Draft-animal power ✓ (2)
4.2.2 Examples of tools that can be used during human powered
tillage
• Pick ✓
• Hoe ✓
• Mattock ✓
• Rake ✓
• Spade ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2)
4.2.3 Functions of soil tillage
• To improve soil aeration and infiltration capacity ✓
• To break up soil crusts ✓
• Destroy weeds ✓
• To incorporate fertilisers and organic matter into the soil ✓
(Any 3 x 1) (3)
4.2.4 Differentiation of primary from secondary cultivation/tillage
Primary tillage cut and shatters the soil with deep penetration tools ✓
to produce a rough surface finish, ✓ whereas secondary tillage aims
to level and firm the top part of the soil ✓ to produce a smoother
surface finish. ✓ (4)
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8 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2022)
4.3 4.3.1 Identification of structure in the picture
Greenhouse / tunnel ✓ (1)
4.3.2 Advantages of using greenhouses/tunnels
• Crop damage due to frost and rain is eliminated ✓
• Crops can be grown all year round ✓
• High quality crops can be produced ✓
• Yields can be improved ✓
• Crops that would normally not grow in a particular area can be
grown ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2)
4.3.3 Environmental conditions to be considered when selecting a
location for a greenhouse
• Light ✓
• Temperature ✓
• Relative humidity ✓
• Plant diseases ✓ (Any 3 x 1) (3)
4.4 4.4.1 Identification of process
Irrigation ✓ (1)
4.4.2 Sources of irrigation water
• Lakes / dams ✓
• Permanent rivers / streams ✓
• Aquifers / springs / boreholes ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2)
4.4.3 Benefits of irrigation
• Minimises crop water stress ✓
• Increases crop yields and quality ✓ (2)
4.4.4 Signs of poor-quality irrigation water
• Salinity ✓
• Turbidity ✓
• Excess nutrients ✓
• Specific ion toxicity ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2)
4.4.5 Consequences of using poor quality water for irrigation
• Blocked pipes ✓
• Corrosion of equipment ✓
• Wilting of plants due to soil salinity ✓
• Reduced marketability of produce due to unsightly deposits from
irrigation water ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2)
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TOTAL SECTION B: 105
GRAND TOTAL: 150
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