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PSC Exam Formula Reference Sheet

The document is a formula reference sheet for a Pump System Certification Exam, providing essential equations for converting pressure to head, calculating velocity head, and understanding pump affinity rules. It includes calculations for NPSHA, electrical input power, pump output power, and efficiency metrics. Additionally, it contains information on friction loss and resistance coefficients for valves and fittings.

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Rathawit Singpanjanatee
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© © All Rights Reserved
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38 views8 pages

PSC Exam Formula Reference Sheet

The document is a formula reference sheet for a Pump System Certification Exam, providing essential equations for converting pressure to head, calculating velocity head, and understanding pump affinity rules. It includes calculations for NPSHA, electrical input power, pump output power, and efficiency metrics. Additionally, it contains information on friction loss and resistance coefficients for valves and fittings.

Uploaded by

Rathawit Singpanjanatee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Pump System Certification Exam

Formula Reference Sheet


Convert pressure to head
𝒑𝒑
𝐡𝐡 =
𝝆𝝆 ∙ 𝒈𝒈
Where:
𝐡𝐡 = head, feet or meters
𝒑𝒑 = pressure, psi (Pa)
𝝆𝝆 = liquid density, lbm/ft3 (kg/m3)
𝒈𝒈 = Acceleration due to gravity, ft/s2 (m/s2)

Convert pressure (psi) to head in feet


𝒑𝒑 ∙ 𝟐𝟐. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑
𝐡𝐡 =
𝒔𝒔
Where:
𝐡𝐡 = head, feet
𝒑𝒑 = pressure, psi
𝒔𝒔 = liquid specific gravity

Convert meters to feet


1 meter (m) = 3.281 feet (ft)

Calculation of velocity head


𝑣𝑣 2
ℎ𝑣𝑣 =
2𝑔𝑔
Where:
ℎ𝑣𝑣 = velocity head, ft (m)
𝑣𝑣 = flow velocity, ft/s (m/s)
𝑔𝑔 = acceleration constant due to gravity

Acceleration due to gravity


𝑚𝑚
𝑔𝑔 = 32.2 ft2 = 9.81 2
𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑠

Page 1 of 8
Version 1
Pump affinity rules with respect to impeller diameter
D2 D22 D23
=Q2 Q=
1 H 2 H
= 1 P2 P1
D1 D12 D13
Where:
Q = flow rate
H = total head
P = pump input power
D = impeller diameter

Pump affinity rules with respect to pump speed


n2 n22 n23
=Q2 Q1= H 2 H=
1 2 P2 P1 3
n1 n1 n1
Where:
Q = flow rate
H = total head
P = pump input power
n = pump rotational speed

Calculation of NPSHA
NPSHA = hatm + hgs + hvs + zs − hvp
Where:
hatm = atmospheric pressure head, ft (m)
hgs = suction gauge head, ft (m)
hvs = suction velocity head, ft (m)
zs = elevation from the suction gauge centerline to datum, ft (m)
hvp = liquid vapor pressure head, ft (m)

Area of pipe
𝐴𝐴 = 𝜋𝜋 ∙ 𝑟𝑟 2
Where:
𝐴𝐴 = cross-section area of the pipe inside diameter
𝑟𝑟 = radius of the pipe inside diameter

Page 2 of 8
Version 1
Velocity (𝒗𝒗) in pipe
𝑉𝑉
𝑣𝑣 =
𝐴𝐴

Where:

𝑉𝑉 = volume rate of flow


𝐴𝐴 = cross-section area of the pipe inside diameter

Velocity (v) in pipe in U.S. Customary Units


0.4085 ∙ 𝑄𝑄
𝑣𝑣 =
𝑑𝑑2
Where:

𝑣𝑣 = velocity, ft/s
𝑄𝑄 = flow rate, gpm
𝑑𝑑 = average ID of piping, inches

Resistance to flow in pipes and fittings


𝐿𝐿 𝑣𝑣 2
ℎ𝑓𝑓 = 𝑓𝑓 ∙ ∙
𝑑𝑑 2 ∙ 𝑔𝑔

Where:
ℎ𝑓𝑓 = frictional head loss, meters (feet)
𝑓𝑓 = piping friction factor
𝐿𝐿 = length of pipe, meters (feet)
𝑑𝑑 = average ID of piping, meters (feet)
𝑣𝑣 = average velocity, m/s (ft/s)
𝑔𝑔 = acceleration due to gravity

𝑣𝑣 2
ℎ𝑓𝑓 = 𝑘𝑘 ∙
2 ∙ 𝑔𝑔

Where:
ℎ𝑓𝑓 = frictional head loss, meters (feet)
𝑘𝑘 = resistance coefficient for valve or fitting
𝑣𝑣 = average velocity, m/s (ft/s)
𝑔𝑔 = acceleration due to gravity

Page 3 of 8
Version 1
Calculation of Synchronous Speed of a Motor
120 ∙ 𝑓𝑓
𝑛𝑛 =
𝑃𝑃
Where:
𝑛𝑛 = synchronous speed (rpm)
𝑓𝑓 = frequency (hertz)
𝑃𝑃 = number of poles

Calculation of Specific Speed


𝑛𝑛 ∙ 𝑄𝑄 0.5
𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁(𝑛𝑛𝑠𝑠 ) =
𝐻𝐻 0.75
For U.S. Customary Units (𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁)
Where:
𝑛𝑛 = revolutions per minute (rpm)
𝑄𝑄 = total flow rate at best efficiency point (gpm)
𝐻𝐻 = pump total head per stage at best efficiency point (feet)

Metric Units (𝑛𝑛𝑠𝑠 )


Where:
𝑛𝑛 = revolutions per minute (rpm)
𝑄𝑄 = total flow rate at best efficiency point (m3/s)
𝐻𝐻 = pump total head per stage at best efficiency point (m)

Pump total head


𝑝𝑝2 𝑣𝑣2 2 𝑝𝑝1 𝑣𝑣1 2
𝐻𝐻 = � + + 𝑍𝑍2 � − � + + 𝑍𝑍1 � + (ℎ𝑓𝑓2 + ℎ𝑓𝑓1 )
𝜌𝜌 ∙ 𝑔𝑔 2 ∙ 𝑔𝑔 𝜌𝜌 ∙ 𝑔𝑔 2 ∙ 𝑔𝑔

Where:
𝐻𝐻 = pump total head, meters (feet)
𝑝𝑝 = gauge pressure at measurement location, Pa (psi)
𝑣𝑣 = velocity at measurement location, m/s (ft/s)
𝑍𝑍 = gauge or liquid level elevation head to datum, meters (feet)
𝑔𝑔 = acceleration due to gravity
𝜌𝜌 = liquid density, kg/m3 (lbm/ft3)
ℎ𝑓𝑓 = friction head loss between measurement and pump flange
Subscript 1 = Measurement point 1 at pump suction (inlet)
Subscript 2 = Measurement point 2 at pump discharge (outlet)
Page 4 of 8
Version 1
Calculation of electrical input power
𝐼𝐼 ∙ 𝑉𝑉 ∙ 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 ∙ 𝐶𝐶
𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝(𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘) =
1000

Where:
𝐼𝐼 = current in amperes (A) (meter reading)
𝑉𝑉 = volts (meter reading)
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = power factor (motor curve or measured)
𝐶𝐶 = 1 for single-phase current
= 2 for two-phase four-wire control
= 1.73 for three-phase current

Pump Output Power


𝑄𝑄 ∙ 𝐻𝐻 ∙ 𝑠𝑠
𝑃𝑃𝑊𝑊 =
𝐶𝐶

Where:
𝑃𝑃𝑊𝑊 = Pump output power, kW (hp)
𝐻𝐻 = Pump total head, meters (feet)
𝑄𝑄 = Flow rate, m3/s (gpm)
𝑠𝑠 = Specific gravity, dimensionless
𝐶𝐶 = 0.1022 for metric units or 3960 for U.S. Customary units

Pump Output Power using metric units and density


𝑄𝑄 ∙ 𝐻𝐻 ∙ 𝜌𝜌 ∙ 𝑔𝑔
𝑃𝑃𝑊𝑊 =
1000
Where:
𝑃𝑃𝑊𝑊 = Hydraulic power (kW)
𝑄𝑄 = Flow rate (m3/s)
𝐻𝐻 = Head (m)
𝜌𝜌 = Density of fluid (kg/m3)
𝑔𝑔 = Acceleration due to gravity

Page 5 of 8
Version 1
Pump Input Power
𝑃𝑃𝑊𝑊
𝑃𝑃 =
𝜂𝜂
Where:
𝑃𝑃 = Pump input power, kW (hp)
𝑃𝑃𝑊𝑊 = Pump output power, kW (hp)
𝜂𝜂 = Pump efficiency

Power unit conversion factor


Power (kW) = 0.746 × Horsepower

Pump efficiency (%)


𝑃𝑃𝑊𝑊
𝜂𝜂 = × 100
𝑃𝑃

Where:
𝜂𝜂 = pump efficiency, percent
𝑃𝑃𝑊𝑊 = pump output power, kW (hp)
𝑃𝑃 = pump input power, kW (hp)

Overall efficiency
𝑃𝑃𝑊𝑊
𝜂𝜂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = × 100
𝑃𝑃𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸

Where:
𝜂𝜂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = overall efficiency, percent
𝑃𝑃𝑊𝑊 = pump output power, kW (hp)
𝑃𝑃𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 = electrical input power to motor or drive, kW (hp)

Page 6 of 8
Version 1
Friction Loss for Water in Feet Per 100 Feet of Pipe

Reference: Hydraulic Institute Engineering Data Book

Page 7 of 8
Version 1
Typical Resistance Coefficients for Valves and Fittings

Reference: Hydraulic Institute Engineering Data Book

Page 8 of 8
Version 1

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