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10 Programs

The document provides Java code examples demonstrating key Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) principles such as inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation, and abstraction. Each example illustrates a specific concept, including simple inheritance with classes Animal and Dog, constructor chaining with Person and Employee, and method overloading in a Calculator class. Additional examples cover method overriding, the use of the super keyword, constructor overloading, dynamic method dispatch, abstract classes, encapsulation, and simple aggregation.

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10 Programs

The document provides Java code examples demonstrating key Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) principles such as inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation, and abstraction. Each example illustrates a specific concept, including simple inheritance with classes Animal and Dog, constructor chaining with Person and Employee, and method overloading in a Calculator class. Additional examples cover method overriding, the use of the super keyword, constructor overloading, dynamic method dispatch, abstract classes, encapsulation, and simple aggregation.

Uploaded by

hackingworldu4
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

1.

Simple Inheritance
Question: Create a class Animal with a method makeSound() and a subclass Dog that
overrides this method to print "Bark".

java
Copy code
class Animal {
void makeSound() {
System.out.println("Animal sound");
}
}

class Dog extends Animal {


@Override
void makeSound() {
System.out.println("Bark");
}

public static void main(String[] args) {


Dog dog = new Dog();
dog.makeSound();
}
}
2. Constructor Chaining
Question: Create a class Person with a constructor that accepts a name, and a
subclass Employee with a constructor that also accepts salary. Use super() to
initialize the parent class.

java
Copy code
class Person {
String name;

Person(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}

class Employee extends Person {


double salary;

Employee(String name, double salary) {


super(name);
this.salary = salary;
}

void display() {
System.out.println("Name: " + name + ", Salary: " + salary);
}

public static void main(String[] args) {


Employee emp = new Employee("John", 50000);
emp.display();
}
}
3. Method Overloading (Compile-time Polymorphism)
Question: Write a class Calculator with two add methods: one that adds two
integers, and one that adds three integers.
java
Copy code
class Calculator {
int add(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}

int add(int a, int b, int c) {


return a + b + c;
}

public static void main(String[] args) {


Calculator calc = new Calculator();
System.out.println(calc.add(10, 20));
System.out.println(calc.add(5, 10, 15));
}
}
4. Method Overriding (Run-time Polymorphism)
Question: Define a superclass Shape with a method draw(). Then define Circle and
Rectangle classes that override draw() with their own implementation.

java
Copy code
class Shape {
void draw() {
System.out.println("Drawing a shape");
}
}

class Circle extends Shape {


@Override
void draw() {
System.out.println("Drawing a circle");
}
}

class Rectangle extends Shape {


@Override
void draw() {
System.out.println("Drawing a rectangle");
}

public static void main(String[] args) {


Shape shape = new Circle();
shape.draw();

shape = new Rectangle();


shape.draw();
}
}
5. Super Keyword Usage
Question: In a class hierarchy Vehicle → Car, override a method display() in Car
and use super.display() to call the parent method.

java
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class Vehicle {
void display() {
System.out.println("This is a Vehicle");
}
}

class Car extends Vehicle {


@Override
void display() {
super.display();
System.out.println("This is a Car");
}

public static void main(String[] args) {


Car car = new Car();
car.display();
}
}
6. Constructor Overloading
Question: Create a class Student with multiple constructors:

One with no parameters

One with a String name

One with String name and int age

java
Copy code
class Student {
String name;
int age;

Student() {
this.name = "Unknown";
this.age = 0;
}

Student(String name) {
this.name = name;
this.age = 0;
}

Student(String name, int age) {


this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}

void display() {
System.out.println("Name: " + name + ", Age: " + age);
}

public static void main(String[] args) {


Student s1 = new Student();
Student s2 = new Student("Alice");
Student s3 = new Student("Bob", 22);
s1.display();
s2.display();
s3.display();
}
}
7. Dynamic Method Dispatch
Question: Declare a reference of type Animal, assign it an object of type Cat, and
call the method speak(). Demonstrate dynamic dispatch.

java
Copy code
class Animal {
void speak() {
System.out.println("Animal speaks");
}
}

class Cat extends Animal {


@Override
void speak() {
System.out.println("Meow");
}

public static void main(String[] args) {


Animal animal = new Cat();
animal.speak(); // Output: Meow
}
}
8. Abstract Class Example
Question: Create an abstract class Appliance with an abstract method turnOn().
Implement it in a subclass Fan.

java
Copy code
abstract class Appliance {
abstract void turnOn();
}

class Fan extends Appliance {


@Override
void turnOn() {
System.out.println("Fan is turned on");
}

public static void main(String[] args) {


Fan fan = new Fan();
fan.turnOn();
}
}
9. Encapsulation
Question: Create a class Account with a private field balance. Provide methods
deposit() and getBalance().

java
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class Account {
private double balance = 0;

public void deposit(double amount) {


if (amount > 0) {
balance += amount;
}
}

public double getBalance() {


return balance;
}

public static void main(String[] args) {


Account acc = new Account();
acc.deposit(1000);
System.out.println("Balance: " + acc.getBalance());
}
}
10. Simple Aggregation
Question: Create a class Library that has a Book object as a member. Show how
aggregation works.

java
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class Book {
String title;

Book(String title) {
this.title = title;
}

void showTitle() {
System.out.println("Book: " + title);
}
}

class Library {
Book book;

Library(Book book) {
this.book = book;
}

void showBook() {
book.showTitle();
}

public static void main(String[] args) {


Book b = new Book("Java Programming");
Library lib = new Library(b);
lib.showBook();
}
}
End of Document. These examples cover key Java OOP principles: inheritance,
polymorphism, encapsulation, abstraction, and more.

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