Understanding biodiversity, a key concept in biology, is essential for:
A. Improving the efficiency of manufacturing processes.
B. Conserving ecosystems and natural resources for future generations.
C. Developing new algorithms for social media platforms.
D. Enhancing the performance of sports teams.
ANSWER: B
Which of the following is generally considered the first step in the scientific
method?
A. Forming a hypothesis
B. Conducting an experiment
C. Making an observation
D. Analyzing data
ANSWER: C
A testable explanation for a phenomenon is called a:
A. Theory
B. Law
C. Hypothesis
D. Conclusion
ANSWER: C
In a controlled experiment, which group does NOT receive the treatment or variable
being tested?
A. Experimental group
B. Control group
C. Independent variable group
D. Dependent variable group
ANSWER: B
The variable that is deliberately changed by the researcher in an experiment is
the:
A. Dependent variable
B. Independent variable
C. Controlled variable
D. Confounding variable
ANSWER: B
What is the total magnification of a microscope with an eyepiece magnification of
10x and an objective lens magnification of 40x?
A. 4x
B. 50x
C. 400x
D. 1040x
ANSWER: C
The revolving nosepiece of a microscope allows you to:
A. Adjust the brightness of the light source
B. Change the magnification by switching between different objective lenses
C. Focus the specimen
D. Move the slide around on the stage
ANSWER: B
Which of the following is a primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?
A. Storing genetic information
B. Catalyzing biological reactions
C. Providing structural support and energy storage
D. Transporting oxygen in the blood
ANSWER: C
The basic building block (monomer) of a protein is a (n):
A. Nucleotide
B. Fatty acid
C. Amino acid
D. Monosaccharide
ANSWER: C
Which type of bond is primarily responsible for the primary structure of a protein?
A. Hydrogen bond
B. Ionic bond
C. Peptide bond
D. Disulfide bond
ANSWER: C
Enzymes are biological catalysts that primarily:
A. Increase the activation energy of a reaction
B. Decrease the rate of a reaction
C. Increase the rate of a reaction by lowering the activation energy
D. Are consumed in the reaction
ANSWER: C
The hydrophilic (water-loving) part of a phospholipid molecule is the:
A. Fatty acid tail
B. Glycerol backbone
C. Phosphate head
D. Cholesterol molecule
ANSWER: C
Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are polymers made of monomers called:
A. Amino acids
B. Monosaccharides
C. Nucleotides
D. Fatty acids
ANSWER: C
The sugar found in DNA is:
A. Glucose
B. Fructose
C. Ribose
D. Deoxyribose
ANSWER: D
The nitrogenous base thymine is found in:
A. RNA only
B. DNA only
C. Both DNA and RNA
D. Neither DNA nor RNA
ANSWER: B
Which of the following is a polysaccharide used for energy storage in animals?
A. Cellulose
B. Starch
C. Glycogen
D. Chitin
ANSWER: C
The process by which a protein loses its native shape due to changes in temperature
or pH is called:
A. Denaturation
B. Polymerization
C. Hydrolysis
D. Condensation
ANSWER: A
Which level of protein structure refers to the overall three-dimensional
arrangement of polypeptide chains?
A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary
D. Quaternary
ANSWER: D
Which of the following is a steroid hormone?
A. Insulin
B. Hemoglobin
C. Testosterone
D. Amylase
ANSWER: C
The primary function of DNA is to:
A. Catalyze metabolic reactions
B. Store and transmit genetic information
C. Provide structural support to cells
D. Transport molecules across cell membranes
ANSWER: B
Which type of biological molecule is hydrophobic and insoluble in water?
A. Carbohydrate
B. Protein
C. Lipid
D. Nucleic acid
ANSWER: C
Cellulose is a polysaccharide that functions primarily as a:
A. Energy storage molecule in plants
B. Structural component of plant cell walls
C. Energy storage molecule in animals
D. Enzyme in metabolic reactions
ANSWER: B
The main role of mRNA (messenger RNA) in a cell is to:
A. Carry amino acids to the ribosome
B. Form part of the ribosome structure
C. Carry genetic information from DNA to the ribosome
D. Catalyze the synthesis of proteins
ANSWER: C
Chitin is a polysaccharide found in the:
A. Cell walls of plants
B. Exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans
C. Liver of animals
D. Seeds of plants
ANSWER: B
Which of the following is a disaccharide?
A. Glucose
B. Fructose
C. Sucrose
D. Cellulose
ANSWER: C
A protein's function is most directly determined by its:
A. Number of amino acids
B. Sequence of nucleotides
C. Three-dimensional shape
D. Molecular weight
ANSWER: C
Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?
A. Selective permeability
B. Protein synthesis
C. Cell signaling
D. Maintaining cell shape
ANSWER: B
The genetic material of a eukaryotic cell is primarily found in the:
A. Cytoplasm
B. Ribosomes
C. Nucleus
D. Mitochondria
ANSWER: C
Ribosomes are primarily involved in:
A. Lipid synthesis
B. Protein synthesis
C. DNA replication
D. Energy production
ANSWER: B
The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages:
A. Nucleic acids
B. Lipids
C. Proteins
D. Carbohydrates
ANSWER: C
Lysosomes contain enzymes that are involved in:
A. Photosynthesis
B. Intracellular digestion
C. Protein folding
D. DNA repair
ANSWER: B
Which of the following organelles is primarily responsible for photosynthesis in
plant cells?
A. Mitochondria
B. Chloroplasts
C. Vacuoles
D. Nucleus
ANSWER: B
Which of the following is a stage of the cell cycle?
A. Transcription
B. Translation
C. Interphase
D. Replication
ANSWER: C
DNA replication occurs during which phase of the cell cycle?
A. G1 phase
B. S phase
C. G2 phase
D. M phase
ANSWER: B
Mitosis results in:
A. Two genetically identical daughter cells
B. Four genetically identical daughter cells
C. Two genetically different daughter cells
D. Four genetically different daughter cells
ANSWER: A
Cytokinesis is the process of:
A. Nuclear division
B. DNA replication
C. Cytoplasmic division
D. Chromosome condensation
ANSWER: C
Which of the following is a type of protein fiber that helps maintain cell shape
and provides structural support?
A. Phospholipid
B. Nucleic acid
C. Cytoskeletal element
D. Carbohydrate
ANSWER: C
Cilia and flagella are cellular structures involved in:
A. Protein synthesis
B. Cell movement
C. Energy production
D. Waste storage
ANSWER: B
The fluid-filled sacs within the cytoplasm of plant cells that store water,
nutrients, and waste products are called:
A. Lysosomes
B. Vacuoles
C. Golgi vesicles
D. Peroxisomes
ANSWER: B
Fermentation is an anaerobic process that allows cells to produce a small amount of
ATP in the absence of:
A. Glucose
B. Oxygen
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Water
ANSWER: B
Apoptosis is the process of:
A. Uncontrolled cell growth
B. Programmed cell death
C. Cell differentiation
D. Cell fusion
ANSWER: B
Which of the following is the primary energy currency of the cell?
A. Glucose
B. ATP
C. NADH
D. Pyruvate
ANSWER: B
Which of the following is a prokaryotic microorganism?
A. Yeast
B. Amoeba
C. Bacterium
D. Algae
ANSWER: C
Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that have cell walls made of:
A. Cellulose
B. Peptidoglycan
C. Chitin
D. Silica
ANSWER: C
Malaria is a disease caused by a:
A. Bacterium
B. Fungus
C. Protozoan
D. Virus
ANSWER: C
What are the building blocks of DNA?
A. Amino acids
B. Fatty acids
C. Nucleotides
D. Monosaccharides
ANSWER: C
Which of the following is NOT a nitrogenous base found in DNA?
A. Adenine
B. Guanine
C. Cytosine
D. Uracil
ANSWER: D
What is the role of RNA in protein synthesis?
A. It carries the genetic code from DNA to ribosomes.
B. It catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds.
C. It is the main structural component of chromosomes.
D. It stores the genetic information.
ANSWER: A
An organism with two identical alleles for a particular trait is said to be:
A. Heterozygous
B. Homozygous
C. Hemizygous
D. Dominant
ANSWER: B
The observable characteristics of an organism are referred to as its:
A. Genotype
B. Phenotype
C. Allele
D. Chromosome
ANSWER: B
A recessive allele will only express its trait when:
A. The organism is heterozygous.
B. The organism is homozygous recessive.
C. The organism is homozygous dominant.
D. The organism has at least one dominant allele.
ANSWER: B
