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Unit 4-Production System

This lecture focuses on production systems, covering definitions, categorizations, and techniques such as pull vs. push systems, mass, batch, and continuous production. It emphasizes the importance of understanding production processes and activities in the context of system design and development, particularly for a semester project. Key components include the 'Six Ms' of production and various production techniques tailored to different operational needs.

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1 views30 pages

Unit 4-Production System

This lecture focuses on production systems, covering definitions, categorizations, and techniques such as pull vs. push systems, mass, batch, and continuous production. It emphasizes the importance of understanding production processes and activities in the context of system design and development, particularly for a semester project. Key components include the 'Six Ms' of production and various production techniques tailored to different operational needs.

Uploaded by

misterrick004
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit 4: Production Systems

BSS 310 Engineering Management 2025

Lecturer: Prof. Michael Ayomoh

1
Quick Recap/Questions arising from
Previous Lecture
The previous lecture focused on:
 Being able to define what a value chain is and linking this with
the SIPOC approach, Porter’s value chain and its application in
businesses with respect to the primary and support activities,
the red and blue ocean concepts and finally, an effort to link all
of these to the semester project.
Learning Outcomes for the Current Lecture
At the end of this lecture you should:

 Understand some vital basics about a production system from an


applicative point of view; its significance in the design and
development process of systems; Pull vs. Push production
systems; Unit, Mass, Batch, Job shop, Continuous, Intermittent,
heterogenous and homogenous production techniques.

 Understand vital processes and activities in a production system and


finally, a production system contextualised in terms of the
semester project with rudimentary tips on how to address some
selected sections of the project.
Presentation Outline

 Definition and Categorisation of a Production System


 Production System in the context of Systems Design and
Development
 Pull vs. Push Production Systems
 Batch, Mass and Continuous production/service techniques
 Processes & Activities in a Production System
 Production system in the Context of the Semester Project
Definition and Categorisation of a Production
System [as a component of a business]
 It’s a system that is concerned with the efficient and
effective creation of goods and/or rendering of services to the
satisfaction of its client base, at an affordable cost and
reliability.

 Product Oriented Production Systems


Creates physical products

 Service Oriented Production Systems


Render physical or virtual services
Examples of Product Oriented Systems

 Manufacturing
 Processing
 Building
 Carpentry
 Software development amongst others
Examples of Service Oriented Systems
 Consulting
 Communication
 Medical
 Policing
 Distributing
 Cleaning
 Hospitality
 Software applications amongst others
“Six Ms” of a Production System

 Man (humans generally i.e. women inclusive)


 Machine
 Method
 Material
 Money and,
 Management
Production System in the context of
Systems Design and Development
The Production Phase comes after the design and development
phases i.e. after (Conceptual and Engineering design phases).

The Production Phase is a step away from the experimental


labs/workshops/demonstration room or studio etc. It’s a phase
where products and/or services are meant to be created for
deployment to the real world.
Pull vs Push Production System

https://tulip.co/blog/what-is-a-push-system-vs-a-pull-system/
Pull Production System
 In a pull-based production system, distribution is often
demand-driven rather than based on predictions. Goods are
produced in the amount and time needed (Just in Time [JIT]).

 Pull systems are often preferred in situations where there is


limited demand.

 They are also preferred when the cost of managing excess


inventory outweighs the benefit of having a surplus of product
in stock.

https://tulip.co/blog/what-is-a-push-system-vs-a-pull-system/
Push Production System
 In a push-based production system, products/service rendering
are pushed through the channel from production up to the
clients. This means that production happens based on demand
forecast.

 Using a push system is preferable in instances where there is a


high demand for a given product.

 Also, when having large amounts of inventory in stock is


beneficial for meeting customer demand, a push system is
preferred.
https://tulip.co/blog/what-is-a-push-system-vs-a-pull-system/
https://tulip.co/blog/what-is-a-push-system-vs-a-pull-system/
Unit, Mass, Batch, Continuous & Intermittent
Production/Service Techniques
Mass Production/Services
Mass production is the processing of a large number of
items at the same time. It is used to produce large units of a
product on a continuum or continuous order e.g. production of
cookies, muffins, automobiles, electronics etc or r e n d e r in g o f
mu l t i-services etc. Ev e n t ho ug h Homogeneity of product
type is expected, Heterogeneity can play out here also.
Batch Production/Services
Batch production is a form of mass production with a defined
number of items per run time. It is commonly used to produce
several units of a product with some form of flexibility at different
production periods & time e.g. different specs. or variants of the
same product such as laptops, automobile, cookies, muffins etc or
the mass rendering of the same type of service with varying add-ons
e.g. dry cleaning services, etc.

In the batch production process, homogeneity of practice is the


focus per batch.
Batch Techniques
Job shop Production/Services
A job shop production/service system is one that aims largely at
product customization. Several specialised machines are available
for diverse customization tasks.
Some good examples include:
 Repair services
 tool and die making
 metal fabrication
 prototyping
Continuous Production/Services
A continuous production system runs either manually or
autonomously without a break, until the end of the planned
production exercise. This can be applied to both mass or unit
production systems or practices.
Intermittent Production/Services
An intermittent or discrete production system complete one
production unit or more, stops and resume a new set after
retooling etc.
Some Core Processes in a Production System
 Production Organisation (Setup & Planning/Preparations)
 Production Operations (Actual act of material processing or
service rendering)
 Production Standards Adherence (Quality checks)
 Production Packaging & Labelling (Outbound finished
products)
Some Common Activities in Production
Processes
Tasks/Activities: Some vital things to do or put in place
in order to have a successful Production System
 manufacturing sites and facilities
 tooling requirements, including special tools
 factory test equipment
 updating with engineering releases
 component fabrication
 components and parts inspection
Activities in a Production System…Contd
 production monitoring and control assembly
 acceptance test
 packaging, sealing and shipping
 discrepancy reports
 schedule and cost reports and
 production readiness reviews
 handling vs conveying
Make or Buy Tasks in a Production System
Production System in the Context of the
Semester Project
Production System Characteristics

 PART B Section 1: Description of system


characteristics based on its functional capabilities

o Utilise the developed system functions to address this


section of the project.
For further reading: Sections covered in
the e-book include:
Systems Engineering Principles and Practice, Second Edition; Author:
Alexander Kossiakoff et al.
 Part One
o Chapters 4: [4.2 (Production Phase)
 Part Four
o Chapter 14: [14.4 and 14.5]

Other resources were randomly sourced:


 https://tulip.co/blog/what-is-a-push-system-vs-a-pull-system/
 https://simplicable.com/new/batch-production-vs-mass-production
The End
Next lecture

Unit 5: Logistics Systems

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