Ulysses

Alfred Tennyson
Short Answer Type Questions

1) When was the poem "Ulysses" written and by whom?

The poem "Ulysses" by Alfred, Lord Tennyson was written in 1833 and later published in 1842 in his two-
volume collection "Poems".

2) Which age did the English poet, Tennyson belong to?

Alfred Lord Tennyson belonged to the Victorian Age.

3) Which traits (features) of the Victorian age does the character Ulysses represent?

Ulysses represents Victorian traits such as relentless striving, the pursuit of knowledge, and a restless spirit of
adventure, reflecting the era’s faith in progress, exploration, and human potential - qualities that defined Victorian
society’s ambitions and worldview.

4) Which genre of poem does the poem 'Ulysses' belong to?

The poem "Ulysses" belongs to the genre of dramatic monologue. In this form, a single character - here,
Ulysses - speaks to an implied audience, revealing his thoughts and feelings throughout the poem.

5) Who does Ulysses address in the poem?

In the poem "Ulysses," Ulysses addresses multiple audiences:

At the beginning, he speaks to himself, reflecting on his dissatisfaction and restlessness.

He then addresses his son, Telemachus, entrusting him with the responsibilities of ruling Ithaca.

In the final section, Ulysses directly addresses his mariners (comrades), urging them to join him for one last
adventure.

6) What is the setting of 'Ulysses'?

The setting of "Ulysses" is the Greek island of Ithaca, after Ulysses has returned home from his long journey
following the Trojan War.

7) From which books did Tennyson take the inspiration to create the character of Ulysses?

Tennyson took inspiration for the character of Ulysses primarily from two major literary sources: Homer’s
Greek epic, the "Odyssey" and Dante’s "Inferno".

8) Which Greek hero does the poem's title 'Ulysses' refer to?

The poem's title "Ulysses" refers to the Greek hero Odysseus, known for his adventures in Homer’s epic the
"Odyssey".
9) Which version of Homer's Odysseus is Tennyson's Ulysses?

Tennyson's "Ulysses" uses the Roman name for Homer’s Odysseus. Ulysses is simply the Roman or Latinized
version of the Greek hero Odysseus.

10) What is the difference between Homer's Odysseus and Tennyson's Ulysses?

Homer’s Odysseus is a hero devoted to home and duty, longing for return to Ithaca and family after his
adventures. Tennyson’s Ulysses, however, is aged, restless and dissatisfied with domestic life, and yearns for
adventure.

11) Which book between Homer's "Odyssey' and Dante's "Inferno" has more similarity with Tennyson's Ulysses?

Tennyson’s Ulysses bears more similarity to Dante’s "Inferno" than to Homer’s "Odyssey". Tennyson's
characterization of Ulysses as restless, dissatisfied, and yearning for further exploration closely mirrors Dante’s
Ulisse, who is driven by an insatiable desire for knowledge and adventure - even at the expense of duty and family.

12) How many lines are there in the poem?

There are 70 lines in the poem.

13) In which form the poem "Ulysses" written?

The poem is written in blank verse or free verse using iambic pentametre.

14) Who is the speaker or central character of the poem?

The speaker and central character of Tennyson's poem "Ulysses" is Ulysses himself, the legendary king of
Ithaca.

15) What is the theme of the poem?

The central theme of "Ulysses" is the relentless pursuit of adventure and meaning in life, even in old age.
Ulysses rejects a passive existence, longing instead to seek new experiences and embrace life’s challenges,
embodying optimism, restlessness, and the refusal to yield to aging or complacency.

16) What characteristics of Ulysses do we find in the poem?

In the poem, Ulysses is portrayed as adventurous, restless, and determined, yearning for knowledge and
exploration over a mundane life. He is courageous and resilient, refusing to yield to old age. However, he is also
somewhat selfish, prioritizing personal fulfillment over his responsibilities as king, husband, and father.

17) Who is referred to as the "idle king" in the poem and why?

The "idle king" in the poem refers to Ulysses himself.

Ulysses calls himself an "idle king" because, after returning to Ithaca, he feels trapped in a monotonous and
passive life, merely ruling and performing routine duties as a king, which he finds unfulfilling compared to his
adventurous past.

18) What is meant by an "idle king" in the poem?

In the poem, the phrase 'idle king' refers to a ruler who is inactive, confined to his domestic existence and feels
trapped by the mundane responsibilities of kingship rather than living a meaningful life of adventure and
exploration.
19) Why does Ulysses express dissatisfaction at the beginning of the poem?

Ulysses expresses dissatisfaction at the poem’s beginning because he feels restless and unfulfilled in his idle life
as king of Ithaca. He is dissatisfied with his domestic duties, wife, or subjects, and longs for the excitement and
adventure of his past travels and heroic deeds.

20) What metaphor does Ulysses use to describe his present life?

Ulysses uses the metaphor of "still hearth" and "barren crags" to describe his present life, likening (comparing )
himself to someone uselessly sitting by the fire in a barren land, disconnected from meaningful action or adventure.

21) "By this still hearth..." - What does "still hearth" symbolise?

"Still hearth" symbolises a dull, static, and uneventful domestic life. It represents inactivity, stagnation and
idleness that Ulysses finds suffocating, contrasting with his longing for adventure and exploration.

22) What is referred to as "barren crags" in the poem?

The phrase "barren crags" refers to the rocky, unproductive landscape of Ithaca.

23) What does "barren crags" symbolise in the poem?

"Barren crags" symbolises the bleakness, isolation, and lack of excitement in Ulysses' current life on Ithaca. It
represents an idle, unproductive existence, symbolizing both the physical and emotional barrenness Ulysses feels in
his current life.

24) "It little profits that an idle king, by this still hearth, among these barren crag" - What is the significance of the
line?

Ulysses thinks that there is little value or satisfaction in being a king who is inactive and confined to his home in
his old age.

25) What is the name of the 'aged wife' of Ulysses?

The name of the 'aged wife' of Ulysses is Penelope.

26) What is implied by Ulysses' description of his wife as "aged" in the third line?

Calling his wife "aged" is a way for Ulysses to project his dissatisfaction with his current existence - he feels
trapped in a life that lacks the excitement and purpose. The term reflects his frustration with aging, as he sees in his
wife a mirror of his own decline and the stifling routine of home.

27) What attitude towards his "aged wife" is expressed by Ulysses in the poem?

Ulysses expresses a dismissive and detached attitude toward his aged wife. He mentions her only briefly,
associating her with the stillness and idleness he finds so frustrating in his domestic life. This reference reflects his
lack of emotional connection to her, seeing her more as a symbol of stagnation than as a companion.

28) "I mete and dole" - What is the meaning of the quoted line? What does the line suggest?

The word "mete" means to measure out and "dole" means to give out or distribute.

Through this line Ulysses is expressing his dissatisfaction with his current role as king. He is saying that he
spends his days measuring out and distributing laws and justice to his people, referring to his mundane
administrative duties as a ruler, which he finds tedious and unfulfilling.
29) "Unequal laws into a savage race" - What is meant by "unequal laws"?

The phrase "unequal laws" refers to established laws that are not fair or just, possibly inherited or imposed,
rather than created by Ulysses himself. Here, "unequal laws" refers to the sense of injustice or dissatisfaction Ulysses
feels in ruling over his people in Ithaca.

30) Who are regarded as "savage race"?

Ulysses refers to the people of Ithaca as a "savage race," showing his contempt and sense of superiority over
them. He sees them as simple, unrefined (uncivilized), and lacking the adventurous spirit and intellectual curiosity
that he values.

31) What does Ulysses mean by "That hoard and sleep, and feed"? What does the line signify?

Ulysses describes his subjects as those who "hoard, and sleep, and feed,". He implies that they live lives
focused only on basic, repetitive routines - accumulating possessions, resting, and eating - without having higher
purpose or ambition.

Ulysses here compares his subjects to animals, suggesting they are preoccupied with mere survival and
material needs, lacking the adventurous spirit and intellectual curiosity that he values.

32) What does Ulysses' statement 'know not me" suggest?

Ulysses’ statement "know not me" suggests that his subjects do not truly understand or appreciate who he is
as a person or as a hero. He feels alienated from his people because they are content with a simple, ordinary life and
cannot relate to his restless spirit or ambitions.

33) What does Ulysses want to mean when he says "I cannot rest from travel"?

When Ulysses says "I cannot rest from travel", he means that he is unable to settle down or find satisfaction in
a quiet, stationary life. He feels a deep, restless urge to keep exploring and experiencing new adventures, even in old
age.

34) "I will drink life to the lees." - What does "lees" mean? What does Ulysses want to mean in this line? Which
figure of speech is used in this line?

The word "lees" means dregs or sediments at the bottom of a wine glass.

When Ulysses says, "I will drink life to the lees," he means he wants to experience life fully, down to the very
last drop, including both its pleasures and hardships.

The line is an example of metaphor. Ulysses here compares living life to drinking wine, suggesting he will
savour every experience, just as one might drink wine down to the sediment at the bottom of the bottle.

35) "all times I have enjoy'd greatly, have suffer'd greatly" - What does the line signify?

This line suggests that Ulysses has lived a life full of intense experiences, both joyful and painful. The line
highlights his adventurous spirit, his perseverance through trials, and his determination to embrace all aspects of life
- good and bad - rather than settling for comfort or idleness.

36) "both with those that loved me, and alone." - Who are referred to as "those that loved me"?

The phrase "those that loved me" refers to Ulysses’ companions and fellow warriors - his loyal friends, sailors,
and comrades who accompanied Ulysses on his many adventures and journeys,
37) "all times I have enjoy'd greatly, have suffer'd greatly, both with those that loved me, and alone." - What do the
lines signify?

Ulysses in these lines acknowledges that he has lived an adventurous life, sharing pleasures and pains with his
loved companions as well as enduring struggles in solitude.

38) "Thro' scudding drifts..." - What does the phrase"scudding drifts" mean? What is the significance of "scudding
drifts" in Ulysses' travels?

The phrase "scudding drifts" refers to fast-moving waves or clouds blown by the wind over the sea, creating a
scene of stormy, unsettled weather.

"Scudding drifts" symbolizes the storms and obstacles Ulysses has faced during his adventurous voyages. It
highlights the dangers and unpredictability of the sea, representing the challenges and hardships he has overcome.

39) "Thro' scudding drifts the rainy Hyades, vext the dim sea." - What is the phrase "Rainy Hyades" refer to?

"Rainy Hyades" are a group of stars in the constellation Taurus, traditionally associated with bringing rain when
they appear in the sky. It is easily recognised by its distinct V-shape.

40) What does the phrase "vext the dim sea" suggest?

The word "vext" means troubled or disturbed.

The phrase "vext the dim sea" suggests that the sea is agitated and restless, churned up by storms and harsh
weather, particularly by the "rainy Hyades" and fast-moving waves and clouds .

41) What do the images of "scudding drifts" and "rainy Hyades" signify in the poem?

These images highlight the challenges, dangers, and turbulence that Ulysses faced during his adventurous
voyages across the ocean.

42) What light on Ulysses' character do the images of "scudding drifts" and "rainy Hyades" throw?

The images of "scudding drifts" and "rainy Hyades" underscore (highlight) Ulysses' courage, adventurousness,
and unyielding will to face physical and emotional challenges in his journey.

43) "I am become a name." - What does Ulysses want to say in this line?

When Ulysses says "I am become a name", he means he has become famous - his reputation is widely known
because of his adventurous past and heroic deeds. This fame has turned him into more of a legendary figure.

44) "I am become a name." - What does Ulysses want to imply through this line?

Ulysses feels that simply being known for his past is not enough; he longs for new experiences and adventure,
rather than just being content with the glory of his name alone.

45) "For always roaming with a hungry heart..." - What does "hungry heart" symbolise? What is the significance of
the line?

The phrase "hungry heart" is a metaphor that symbolizes Ulysses' insatiable desire for adventure, knowledge,
and new experiences.

Ulysses is not content (satisfied) with a passive existence; instead, his heart remains "hungry" for the
excitement and challenges of exploration, reflecting a deep yearning to continue striving and discovering.
46) What does Ulysses want to mean when he says "Much have I seen and known"?

When Ulysses says "Much have I seen and known," he means that through his extensive travels and
adventures, he has gained a wide range of experiences and knowledge.

47) "Much have I seen and known" - Which figure of speech is used in this line?

This line is an example of Hyperbaton or Inversion as the normal word order of a sentence is reversed, usually
for emphasis. Normally, the line should be like - I have seen and known much.

48) What does Ulysses' reference to "cities of men and manners, climates, councils, governments" suggest?

This line suggests the vastness and diversity of Ulysses' experiences during his travels. He has encountered
many different peoples (cities of men), observed their customs and ways of life (manners), experienced various
environments (climates), participated in decision-making (councils), and seen a range of political systems
(governments).

49) What does Ulysses mean when he says "myself not least but honour'd of them all"?

Ulysses here wants to mean that among all the people and places he has encountered in his travels, he was not
insignificant. Rather, he was respected and honoured by everyone he met. This highlights his reputation and the
esteem in which he was held as a heroic and distinguished figure during his adventures.

50) "And drunk delight of battle with my peers" - What does the phrase "drunk delight of battle" imply here?

The phrase "drunk delight of battle" implies that Ulysses experienced an intense, almost intoxicating joy and
excitement during warfare alongside his companions (peers).

The word "drunk" is used metaphorically to suggest that the thrill of battle was so powerful that it
overwhelmed his senses, much like the effects of drinking alcohol.

51) What does the line "far on the ringing plains of windy Troy" refer to?

This line refers to the legendary battlefield of Troy, where Ulysses fought during the Trojan War. It vividly
describes the battlefield at Troy, where the sounds of battle echoed (ringing) and the winds swept across the open
land.

52) Which literary device (figure of speech) is used in the line "far on the ringing plains of windy Troy"?

This line is an example of onomatopoeia (word evokes sound associated with it) as the word "ringing" suggests
the sound of clashing weapons or the echoes of battle on the plains of Troy.

The line is also an example of Imagery with vivid descriptive language - "ringing plains" and "windy Troy"- to
create a sensory picture of the battlefield,

53) "I am a part of all that I met."- What does the line signify?

The line signifies the profound impact that Ulysses' experiences and encounters have had on his identity. It
means that every place he has visited, every person he has met, and every adventure he has undertaken has become
a part of who he is. These experiences have shaped his character, broadened his perspective, and enriched his soul.

54) "yet all experiences is an arch" - What does Ulysses compare experience to in this line?

In this line Ulysses compares experience to an arch (gateway). He suggests that every experience he has had is
like an archway through which the "untravell'd world" appears.
55) "yet all experiences is an arch" - Which figure of speech is used in this line?

This line is an example of metaphor. In this line, Ulysses compares "all experience" to "an arch". He suggests
that every experience is like an archway through which new worlds and opportunities can be seen.

56) What does Ulysses imply by the phrase "untravell'd world"?

By the phrase "untravell'd world," Ulysses implies the parts of the world he has not yet seen or explored - the
unknown lands, experiences, and adventures that still await him.

57) What does the phrase "untravell'd world" symbolize in the poem?

The phrase "untravell'd world" symbolizes Ulysses' unquenchable thirst and insatiable desire for adventure,
knowledge, and new experiences, reflecting his refusal to be content with a static or idle life.

58) What, according to Ulysses, happens when he moves towards the "untravell'd world"?

According to Ulysses, when he moves toward the "untravell'd world," its margin or boundary keeps fading
further away. This means that as he seeks new experiences and knowledge, the unknown always recedes, inspiring
endless curiosity and a continual quest for discovery.

59) How does Ulysses view the concept of experience based on "whose margin fades for ever and forever when I
move" ?

Ulysses sees experience as an ever-expanding pursuit, never fully attainable or complete. This line suggests
that each new experience reveals new possibilities and further horizons - the more one explores, the more there is
yet to discover, symbolizing endless curiosity and pursuit beyond the familiar.

60) What does Ulysses suggest about movement and exploration in the line "for ever and forever when I move"?

This line suggests that as Ulysses advances, new possibilities and new horizons always appear, making the
quest for knowledge and adventure infinite, never fully attainable.

61) What attitude to life is expressed by Ulysses in the line "How dull it is to pause, to make an end"?

In this line, Ulysses expresses a restless and adventurous attitude towards life. For Ulysses, life is meant to be
lived actively and energetically, always seeking new experiences and challenges. He dislikes the idea of stagnation or
retirement, believing that to stop exploring and learning is dull and unfulfilling.

62) What does the line "To rust unburnish'd, not to shine in use" signify?

This line uses the metaphor of a sword that becomes rusty and dull if it is not used or polished. Ulysses is
comparing himself to such a sword, suggesting that a life without action, adventure, or purpose leads to stagnation
and decay.

63) Explain the figure of speech in the line "To rust unburnish'd, not to shine in use".

This line is an example of metaphor. Ulysses here compares human life to a sword. Just as a sword that is not
used or polished becomes rusty and loses its shine, a person who does not stay active and engaged in life loses their
vitality and purpose.

The phrase "to rust unburnish'd" represents a life of idleness and inactivity,

The phrase "to shine in use" stands for a life of action and usefulness.
64) What does Ulysses suggest in the line "As tho' to breathe were life"?

These lines express Ulysses' dissatisfaction with a life of mere existence and routine. He is criticizing the idea
that simply being alive - just breathing and going through the motions - is enough to constitute a meaningful life. For
him, true living means more than mere survival; it requires purpose, action, and adventure.

65) What does Ulysses mean by "Life piled on life were all too little"?

The phrase "Life piled on life" means living multiple lives, and the phrase "were all too little" suggests even all
those lives together would not be sufficient.

Ulysses feels that even if he could live many lives, one after another; it would still not be enough to satisfy his
thirst for knowledge, adventure, and exploration. This line expresses Ulysses' deep yearning for experience and
adventure.

66) What does Ulysses mean by "and of one to me little remains"?

In this line, Ulysses, the aging hero, is reflecting on his mortality and the limited time he has left. He feels that,
for him, only a small part ("little remains") of life’s possibilities is left, and he is determined to make the most of what
remains rather than settle for an idle existence.

67) "...but every hour is saved from that eternal silence" - What does Ulysses refer to as "eternal silence" in the line?

Ulysses refers to "eternal silence" as death or cessation of life which he imagines as an endless, silent void.

68) "but every hour is saved from that eternal silence" - Name the figure of speech mentioned in 'eternal silence'.

The phrase "eternal silence" is an example of euphemism. The phrase is used to refer to death in a softer, less
direct way. Instead of stating "death" outright, Tennyson uses "eternal silence" to convey the idea more gently.

69) What is the significance of the line "...but every hour is saved from that eternal silence"?

This line signifies Ulysses' determination to make the most of his remaining time before death. 'Eternal silence"
refers to death, and Ulysses values every hour of life as an opportunity to seek knowledge and adventure rather than
to waste time in idleness.

70) What does Ulysses mean by "something more, a bringer of new things"?

Ulysses, in this line, wants to mean that even as he nears the end of his life, he yearns for new experiences,
adventures, and knowledge rather than settling into idleness or routine. He thinks that each hour offers the
possibility for new discoveries, experiences, or achievements.

71) "and vile it were for some three suns to store and hoard myself" - What is referred to as "three suns" in the line?

Here, the phrase "three suns" refers to three years.

72) How long did Ulysses stay in Ithaca after returning from the Trojan War?

Ulysses spent three years in Ithaca after returning from the Trojan War.

73) What does the phrase "to store and hoard myself" suggest?

The words "store' and "hoard" suggest accumulation without use. By the phrase "to store and hoard myself",
Ulysses expresses his disdain (hatred) to keep himself shut away, inactive, and unused, as if hoarding his life rather
than living it fully.
74) What does Ulysses consider as "vile"?

The word "vile" (meaning shameful or dishonourable) conveys a sense of disdain or repulsion. Ulysses finds it
morally repugnant or unacceptable (vile) to spend three years merely preserving himself in idleness in Ithaca, rather
than seeking new experiences and adventures.

75) "And this grey spirit yearning in desire" - Whom does the phrase "grey spirit_ refer to here? What does the line
signify?

The phrase "grey spirit" refers to Ulysses himself (Ulysse' ageing self), the speaker of the poem.

76) Why does Ulysses call himself "grey spirit"?

Ulysses calls himself "grey spirit" because he is old and he is nearing the end of his life.

The word "grey" also symbolizes the wisdom, experience, and the melancholy (sorrow) of old age, but it does
not diminish his desire to seek new experiences and push beyond limits.

77) "And this grey spirit yearning in desire" - What does the line signify?

This line highlights Ulysses' inner drive and restless soul, which still yearns for adventure and knowledge despite
his aging body.

78) What does Ulysses' "grey spirit" yearn for?

Ulysses' "grey spirit" yearns for adventure and new knowledge.

79) "To follow knowledge like a sinking star" - Explain the image referred to in this line.

The image "to follow knowledge like a sinking star" compares the pursuit of knowledge to chasing a star that is
setting below the horizon. Just as a sinking star moves further away and is never fully reached, knowledge is
portrayed as something elusive and infinite.

80) What does "sinking star" symbolize in this line?

The "sinking star" is a powerful symbol for the never-ending pursuit of knowledge, the inspiration to keep
striving, and the awareness that life is finite, making the quest all the more urgent and meaningful.

81) Which figure of speech is mentioned in the line "To follow knowledge like a sinking star"?

The figure of speech used in the line "To follow knowledge like a sinking star" is a simile. Here, knowledge is
explicitly compared to a sinking star using the word 'like', illustrating the endless and elusive nature of Ulysses' quest
for knowledge.

82) What does the phrase "beyond the utmost bound of human thought" suggest?

The phrase "beyond the utmost bound of human thought" suggests a desire to seek knowledge and experience
that surpasses the limits of ordinary human understanding or imagination. Ulysses wants to push past the known
boundaries of human understanding and experience, seeking what lies beyond conventional wisdom or imagination.

83) What is the name of Ulysses' son mentioned in the poem?

The name of Ulysses' son mentioned in the poem is Telemachus.

84) "This is my son, my own Telemachus" - What does the phrase "my own" suggest in the line?

The phrase "my own" emphasizes Ulysses' paternal affection, pride and confidence in his son’s abilities.
85) "to whom I leave the sceptre and the isle" - What does the significance of this line?

This line express Ulysses' acceptance of his son Telemachus as his successor and heir. By stating "to whom I
leave the sceptre and the isle", Ulysses formally passes on the responsibility of ruling Ithaca to Telemachus when he
sets out for a voyage.

86) What does "the sceptre" symbolise?

In the poem, "the sceptre" symbolizes royal authority, power, justice and the responsibility of kingship.

87) How does Ulysses describe his son, Telemachus?

Ulysses describes Telemachus, his son, as most blameless, well-loved, discerning and prudent.

88) What does Ulysses mean by saying Telemachus is "discerning to fulfil this labour"?

By saying Telemachus is "discerning to fulfil this labour," Ulysses means that his son is wise and perceptive
enough to carry out the demanding responsibilities of ruling Ithaca. Telemachus has the judgment, patience, and
ability to rule effectively and continue the work of leadership.

89) "discerning to fulfil this labour"? What does "this labour" refer to in this line?

In this line, 'the labour' refers to the demanding responsibility of ruling Ithaca.

90) "by slow prudence to make mild/ a rugged people,and thro' soft degrees..." - What does "slow prudence" mean
in the line?

The phrase "slow prudence' means careful and gradual wisdom. Here, "slow prudence" indicates Telemachus'
approach to leadership.

91) What is the meaning of "soft degrees"?

The phrase "soft degrees" means gentle, gradual steps or stages. In the context of the poem, it describes the
patient and careful way Telemachus will civilize the rugged people of Ithaca - not through force, but by slowly
guiding them toward being more useful and good.

92) "to make mild, a rugged people,and thro' soft degrees." - Who are the "rugged people" mentioned in this line?

Here, "rugged people" refers to the people of Ithaca whom Ulysses considers to be rough, uncultured,
unrefined and uncivilized (rugged).

93) What does Ulysses want to mean by "to make mild, a rugged people,and thro' soft degrees"?

The phrase "to make mild" means to civilize in a gentle manner. Ulysses believes that Telemachus will gently
civilize and guide the rough, uncultured citizens of Ithaca to embrace what is beneficial and virtuous, rather than
ruling by force or harshness.

94) "Most blameless is he" - who is called "most blameless" and why?

Telemachus is called "most blameless" by Ulysses.

He earns this praise because he dutifully governs Ithaca with wisdom, patience, and compassion, performing
everyday responsibilities faithfully. Moreover, Ulysses considers him to be flawless, virtuous and beyond reproach.
95) What is the significance of Ulysses' description of Telemachus as 'most blameless"?

By describing Telemachus "most blameless", Ulysses underscores (highlights) the contrasting qualities between
his son and himself. While Telemachus is steady, dutiful, and devoted, fitting for a ruler, Ulysses himself is restless
and driven by adventure.

96) What does the phrase "centred in the sphere/ of common duties" imply about Telemachus?

This phrase implies that Telemachus is practical, reliable, and focused on the everyday responsibilities of
kingship - such as governance, compassion, and honouring traditions.

97) "decent not to fail / in offices of tenderness" - What does the phrase "in offices of tenderness" suggest?

The phrase "in offices of tenderness" suggests acts or duties that require kindness, compassion, and care.

98) "decent not to fail / in offices of tenderness" - What does the line signify?

The line signifies that Telemachus performs his everyday responsibilities with gentleness and empathy,
showing emotional sensitivity and warmth in his leadership and relationships.

99) "pay meet adoration to my household gods, when I am gone" - What does Ulysses want to mean here?

Here, Ulysses means that Telemachus will respectfully perform religious and familial duties by worshipping the
household gods after Ulysses leaves - either through death or departure. This shows Telemachus’s sense of
responsibility and his commitment to maintaining family and cultural traditions in the absence of Ulysses.

100) "He works his work, I mine". - Who are the persons referred to in this line?

In this line, "he" refers to Telemachus, Ulysses’ son, and "I" refers to Ulysses himself.

101) "He works his work, I mine". - Explain the significance of the line mentioned above.

The line marks a clear division of roles and destinies between Ulysses and his son, Telemachus. Ulysses is
acknowledging that Telemachus is suited to the duties of kingship - ruling Ithaca with patience and prudence - while
he himself is drawn to a life of adventure, exploration, and seeking new knowledge.

102) "There lies the port; the vessel puffs her sail" - What do the images of "the port" and "the vessel puffs her sail"
signify in the context of the poem?

The port represents the starting point or gateway to new journeys and adventures, while the vessel with its
sails suggests excitement, anticipation, and eagerness to embark on a new journey beyond familiar boundaries.

103) "There gloom the dark, broad seas." - What is the significance of the line?

The vast, dark sea symbolizes the unknown, the challenges ahead, and the risks of venturing beyond familiar
territory. It reflects both the excitement and the dangers of pursuing one's ambitions.

104) "Souls that have toil'd, and wrought, and thought with me..." - Who are referred to as 'souls' in this line?

The word "souls" refers to Ulysses' loyal companions or fellow mariners. They are his old shipmates - the
trusted friends and comrades who have shared his experiences, labours, and aspirations.

105) "Souls that have toil'd, and wrought, and thought with me..." - What does Ulysses want to suggest in this line?

These lines reflect Ulysses' admiration for his fellow sailors and loyal companions - those who have endured
hardships, worked alongside him, and shared intellectual pursuits. Ulysses here emphasizes the deep bond, forged
through shared labour, achievements, and experiences, with his companions.
106) What does the phrase "toil'd, and wrought, and thought with me" suggest?

This phrase emphasizes three key aspects of the bond that Ulysses shares between his fellow mariners :

i) Toil’d: They worked hard alongside Ulysses, enduring physical hardships.

ii) Wrought: They created or accomplished great deeds together, especially through their shared struggles and
adventures.

iii) Thought: They shared in planning, decision-making, and facing challenges intellectually as well as physically.

107) "That ever with a frolic welcome took..." - What does the phrase 'frolic welcome' suggest?

The phrase "frolic welcome" suggests a joyful, enthusiastic, and almost playful acceptance of whatever comes
on the way. Ulysses here wants to mean that he and his companions greeted all of life’s challenges and pleasures
with cheerful courage and eager acceptance.108) "The thunder and the sunshine, and opposed..." - What do the
images of "the thunder" and "the sunshine" symbolize here?

Here, "the thunder" symbolizes hardships and challenges and "the sunshine" symbolises the joys and pleasures
that Ulysses and his companions have faced together during their adventures.

109) "The thunder and the sunshine, and opposed..." What does Ulysses suggest in this line?

The word "opposed" means faced or confronted. By saying they opposed both "the thunder and the sunshine",
Ulysses suggests that he and his companions bravely confronted and endured all challenges and good times alike,
meeting them with courage and resilience.

110) )"That ever with a frolic welcome took , The thunder and the sunshine, and opposed..." - What does these lines
signify?

These lines highlight the strong bond and shared experience among Ulysses and his mariners. It shows their
unwavering spirit - they welcomed every aspect of life, whether difficult or pleasant, with the same adventurous
enthusiasm.

111) "Free hearts, free foreheads" - Who does the phrase "Free hearts, free foreheads" refer to?

The phrase "Free hearts, free foreheads" refers to Ulysses' old mariners - his fellow sailors who journeyed and
endured hardships with him in the past.

112) What do the phrases "free hearts" and "free foreheads" symbolize?

"Free hearts" symbolizes their courageous, adventurous, and unrestrained spirits - their willingness to face
challenges and embrace new experiences without fear or constraint.

"Free foreheads" symbolizes nobility, dignity and honour. It suggests that they hold their heads high, unbowed
by age or adversity, representing their proud and independent character.

113) What does Ulysses want to mean when he says "you and I are old"?

In this line, Ulysses is addressing his fellow mariners, acknowledging that both he and his companions have
grown old after years of adventure and hardship together.

114) What, according to Ulysses, does the old age have?

According to Ulysses, old age has its own honour and toil.
115) "Old age hath yet his honour and his toil..." - What does Ulysses want to suggest in this line?

Ulysses here means that even in old age, life still holds dignity (honour) and meaningful work or effort (toil) for
those who are willing to pursue it. Ulysses thinks that growing old does not mean life is over or without purpose.
Instead, old age brings its own responsibilities and opportunities for noble action.

116) "Death closes all: but something ere the end" - What does the word "ere" mean?

The word "ere" means before.

117) "Death closes all : but something ere the end" - What does 'something" refer to here?

Here, the word "something" refers to a final, significant achievement or noble deed that Ulysses hopes to
accomplish before he dies. This reflects Ulysses’ desire to pursue greatness and adventure until the very end of his
life.

118) "Death closes all : but something ere the end, / Some work of noble note, may yet be done." - What is the
significance of these lines?

These lines mean that although death is inevitable and ends everything, there is still time before it comes - to
accomplish something meaningful and heroic.

119) "Death closes all: but something ere the end, / Some work of noble note, may yet be done." - What does
Ulysses want to suggest in these lines?

Here, Ulysses acknowledges that everyone must die, but he believes that before death arrives, one can still
perform great deeds worthy of honour. He reflects that even in old age, one should strive to achieve something
significant before the end.

120) "Death closes all" - What figure of speech is used in this line?

The figure of speech used in the line is personification. Here, death is given the human ability to "close" things,
as if it were a person shutting the door on life.

121) "Not unbecoming men that strove with Gods." - Who are referred to as "men" in this line?

Here, the word "men" refers to Ulysses and his fellow mariners - his old companions who sailed and fought
alongside him, especially during the Trojan War.

122) What does the phrase "men that strove with Gods" suggest?

This phrase refers to the fact (as mentioned in Greek mythology) that Ulysses and his companions faced
challenges so great that even the gods themselves were sometimes their adversaries or allies. They were the heroic
men who once fought alongside or against the gods themselves during the Trojan War.

123) "Not unbecoming men that strove with Gods." - What does Ulysses want to say this line?

Here, Ulysses wants to mean that one last noble adventure, Ulysses and his companions hope to achieve in
their old age, should be worthy of men who once fought alongside or against the gods during the Trojan War.

124) "The lights begin to twinkle from the rocks" - What do "the lights" and "the rocks" refer to in the line?

Here, "the lights" refer to the stars, appearing in the evening sky signaling nightfall ; while "the rocks" refer to
the rocky coastline or shore near the harbour from which Ulysses and his men are about to depart.
125) How do the "twinkling lights" relate to Ulysses' state of mind in the context of the poem?

The "twinkling lights" reflect Ulysses' undiminished hope and determination for his journey.

126) What do "the rocks" symbolize in the poem?

In the poem 'the rocks' symbolize the stable, unmoving land - representing the static life of idleness that
Ulysses seeks to leave behind. The rocks also symbolise obstacles in Ulysses' journey.

127) What does the phrase "The long day wanes" mean?

This phrase means that the day is coming to an end.

128) "The long day wanes: the slow moon climbs" - What does the setting expressed in this line symbolise?

Symbolically, this setting reflects the twilight of Ulysses’ life - he is older, and the day (his life) is drawing to a
close.

129) "The lights begin to twinkle from the rocks: / The long day wanes: the slow moon climbs..." - What does the
lines imply?

These lines describe the transition from day to night as Ulysses prepares for a new journey.

130) "the deep / Moans round with many voices." - What does "the deep" refer to here?

Here, "the deep" refers to the sea.

131) "the deep / Moans round with many voices." - What does the phrase "Moans round with many voices" signify?

The phrase "moans round with many voices" describes the sounds of the ocean at night - the waves, winds,
and currents creating a chorus of moaning, echoing noises.

The "many voices" can also symbolize the call of adventure, the unknown, and the experiences yet to come.

132) "the deep / Moans round with many voices." - Which figure of speech is used in this line?

The figure of speech used is personification. "The deep" (meaning the sea or ocean) is described as if it can
"moan" and has "many voices", which are human characteristics.

133) "Come, my friends,

'T is not too late to seek a newer world." - Who are referred to as "my friends" in this line?

In this line, "my friends" refers to

Ulysses' fellow mariners or comrades - the old sailors and companions who have journeyed with him before.

134) "Come, my friends,

'T is not too late to seek a newer world." - What does the phrase "T is not too late to seek a newer world" suggest?

The phrase suggests that it is never too late to pursue new goals or adventures. Ulysses here urges his
companions to keep exploring and striving for greater achievements despite their age.
135) "Come, my friends,

'T is not too late to seek a newer world." - What does the phrase "newer world" symbolize?

The "newer world" symbolizes new opportunities, challenges, and horizons - both literal (exploring unknown
lands) and metaphorical (personal growth, ambition, and the pursuit of knowledge).

136) "Push off, and sitting well in order smite / The sounding furrows." - What does the phrase "push off" suggest?

The phrase "push off" suggests the act of setting out on a journey or adventure by launching a boat from the
shore into the sea.

137) "Push off, and sitting well in order smite / The sounding furrows." - What does the phrase "sitting well in order
smite" suggest?

The phrase suggests that Ulysses and his companions are to sit in an organised manner in the boat, and then
row together in unison. "Smite" means to strike, so they are to strike the water with their oars in a coordinated,
disciplined way, showing teamwork and readiness for their journey.

138) "Push off, and sitting well in order smite / The sounding furrows." - What does the phrase "the sounding
furrows" suggest?

The phrase "the sounding furrows" refers to the waves or grooves made in the sea by the oars as Ulysses and
his companions row their boat. The word "sounding" suggests these furrows are making noise - not the furrows
themselves, but the oars striking the water and creating a resonant sound.

139) "Push off, and sitting well in order smite / The sounding furrows." - which figure of speech is used in "the
sounding furrows"?

"The sounding furrows" is an example of a transferred epithet, where the adjective "sounding" properly
belongs to the oars, not the furrows.

140) "for my purpose holds / To sail beyond the sunset, and the baths / Of all the western stars, until I die." What
purpose does Ulysses express in above-mentioned lines?

In these lines, Ulysses expresses his unwavering determination to continue exploring and seeking adventure
until the end of his life.

141) "for my purpose holds / To sail beyond the sunset" - What does the phrase "to sail beyond the sunset"
symbolise?

The phrase "to sail beyond the sunset" symbolizes Ulysses' desire to seek new adventures and knowledge
beyond the limits of the known world. It represents his yearning to explore the unknown, defy boundaries, and
continue his quest for knowledge and experience, even as life approaches its end.

142) "and the baths of all the western stars" - What image is expressed in this line?

This line creates the image of stars dipping into the sea at the horizon as night falls. It evokes a magical, distant
place where the stars appear to set and "bathe" in the ocean, symbolizing the allure of the unknown and
unreachable.

143) "It may be that the gulfs will wash us down." - What does Ulysses want to mean in this line?

Here, Ulysses acknowledges that at their age there is a real risk of failure or death on their final voyage - the
"gulfs" (deep sea waters) might overwhelm and drown them. But he is willing to risk it and accepts this possibility
bravely, emphasizing the heroic spirit of facing fate rather than avoiding adventure out of fear.
144) "It may be we shall touch the Happy Isles." - What does the phrase"Happy Isles" refer to in this line?

In Greek mythology, "Happy Isles"are a paradise where the souls of heroic and virtuous people dwell after
death - a kind of Elysium or heaven for heroes.

145) "It may be we shall touch the Happy Isles." - Why does Ulysses think that they "shall touch the Happy Isles"?

Ulysses thinks that they "shall touch the Happy Isles" because he hopes their journey will lead them to the
mythical paradise of Greek legend where heroes dwell in eternal peace. This reflects his optimism and longing for a
noble, rewarding end to his adventures.

146) Whom does Ulysses hope to meet when they reach "Happy Isles"?

Ulysses hopes that, if they succeed to the "Happy Isles" (Isles of the Blessed), they may see the great Achilles
there, his old comrade from the Trojan War.

147) Who is Achilles?

Achilles is the greatest Greek warrior and hero of the Trojan War in Greek mythology. Son of Peleus and the
sea nymph Thetis, he was famed for his strength, bravery, and near invincibility.

148) "And see the great Achilles, whom we knew." - How did Ulysses know Achilles?

Ulysses knew Achilles because they fought together as Greek leaders in the Trojan War.

149) "Tho' much is taken, much abides" - What acknowledgement about age does Ulysses express in this line?

These lines express Ulysses’ acceptance of aging and loss, but also his unbroken spirit. Ulysses here suggests
that although old age has taken away much of their former strength and vitality, much still remains - they still
possess enough courage and willpower for new adventures and exploration.

150) "We are not now that strength which in old days / Moved earth and heaven" - What does the phrase "Moved
earth and heaven" mean?

The phrase "move earth and heaven" (more commonly "move heaven and earth") means to do everything
possible or to make the greatest effort to achieve something, using all available means and determination.

151) "We are not now that strength which in old days / Moved earth and heaven" - What does the phrase "Moved
earth and heaven" suggest in the context of the poem?

In the context of the poem, the phrase refers to the extraordinary strength and heroic deeds Ulysses and his
companions once performed in their youth.

152) "We are not now that strength which in old days / Moved earth and heaven" - What does Ulysses want to mean
by these lines?

Ulysses here acknowledges that he and his companions are no longer as powerful or energetic as they once
were in their youth, when they performed heroic deeds.

153) "that which we are, we are." - What does the line signify?

The line "that which we are, we are" signifies acceptance of one’s true nature and identity. Ulysses
acknowledges that, despite age or change, he and his companions remain fundamentally themselves - courageous,
adventurous, and resilient.

He accepts their limitations, but also embraces who they are now, with the same heroic hearts and determination
despite their aging and loss of strength.
154) "One equal temper of heroic hearts" - What does Ulysses want to suggest in this line?

This line expresses the unity and enduring spirit of Ulysses and his companions. Ulysses here wants to mean
that they all share the same bravery, courage and noble spirit, forged through their shared adventures and
challenges.

155) "Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will." - What does Ulysses want to mean by this line?

Here, Ulysses acknowledges that, though age and destiny have diminished their physical power,

their determination, courage, and resolve remain powerful and unbroken.

157) What might the phrase "Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will" relate to the human condition?

This phrase reflects the inevitability of ageing and the loss of strength.

158) "To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield." - Explain the words mentioned in the line?

In this line, "to strive" means to keep making effort; "to seek" is to search for new experiences or truths; "to
find" is to discover or achieve; and "not to yield" means never to give up, no matter the obstacles or decline in
strength.

159) "To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield." - What idea does Ulysses convey through this line?

Through this line, Ulysses conveys the idea of relentless perseverance and the refusal to give up, regardless of
age or adversity. He urges continual effort, exploration, and courage, embodying the enduring human spirit to face
life’s challenges without surrender.

161) "To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield." - Which characteristics of Ulysses are revealed in this line?

The line reveals Ulysses' restlessness, determination, courage, and adventurous spirit. It shows his strong
willpower, his desire to keep exploring and learning, and his refusal to give up, even in the face of age or difficulties.

162) What image of the sea is presented in the poem?

The sea, in the poem, is alive, mysterious, full of possibilities, dangers and uncertainties. It is also a

symbol of adventure, freedom, and the unquenchable human desire for exploration.