Scheme of Studies for 2-Year Associate Degree/BS (4-Year) in Physics

(2023)

Department of Physics
University of Malakand
 BS (4-Year) in Physics

Degree Awarded: BS (4-year) in Physics

Entrance Requirements: HSSC (Pre-Engineering/Pre-Medical) or equivalent with at least

45% marks

Duration of the Program: 4 years (8 Semesters)

Semester Duration: 16-18 weeks

Total Credit Hours: 133

Total Marks: 4400

2-Year Associate Degree BS (2-Year) in Physics

Degree Awarded: Associate Degree BS (2-Year) in Physics

Entrance Requirements: HSSC (Pre-Engineering/Pre-Medical) or equivalent with at least

45% marks

Duration of the Program: 2 years (4 Semesters)

Semester Duration: 16-18 weeks

Total Credit Hours: 67

Total Marks: 2100

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 The BS Scheme of Studies: Main Structure
S. No. Categories Requirement of Number of Credit Hours
HEC 2023 Policy Courses
(Credit Hours)
1 General Education Cluster 30 12 30
2 Interdisciplinary/Allied Courses 12 04 12
4 Major Courses + Laboratories 72 25 85
5 Project+ Internship 06 02 06
Total 120 43 133

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 The BS Scheme of Studies: Layout/Framework

General Education Cluster Allied Courses

Title Credit Title Credit
hours hours
1. Pakistan Studies 2 1. Calculus I 3
(Ideology and constitution of Pakistan )

2. Functional English 3 2. Astronomy 3

3. Quantitative Reasoning-I (Mathematics) 3 3. Ordinary Differential Equations 3
4. Quantitative Reasoning-II (Statistics) 3 4. Linear Algebra 3
5. Islamic Studies OR Ethics in lieu of 2
Islamic studies for Non Muslim only
6. Expository Writing 3
7. Physical Chemistry (Natural Science) 3
8. Social Sciences 2
9. Arts and Humanities 2
10. Civic and Community Engagement 2
11. Applications of Information and 2+1
Communication Technologies (ICT)
12. Entrepreneurship 2
Total 30 Total 12

3
 Capstone Project + Laboratories
Major Courses + Seminars
Field Experience
Title Cr Title Cr Title Cr
Hrs. Hrs. Hrs.
1. Mechanics 3 1. Project 3 1. Laboratory I 1
2. Rotational Motion and 3 2. Internship 3 1
2. Laboratory II
Thermodynamics
3. Electricity and Magnetism 3 3. Laboratory III 1
4. Waves and Optics 3 4. Laboratory IV 1
5. Modern Physics I 3 5. Laboratory V 2
6. Modern Physics II 3 6. Laboratory VI 2
7. Renewable Energy Resources 3 7. Laboratory VII 2
8. Basic Electronics 3
9. Introductory Mathematical Methods 3
for Physicists I
10. Introductory Mathematical Methods 3
for Physicists II
11. Introductory Electrodynamics I 3
12. Introduction to Electrodynamics II 3
13. Introductory Classical Mechanics I 3
14. Introductory Classical Mechanics II 3
15. Introductory Statistical Physics I 3
16. Introductory Statistical Physics II 3
17. Introductory Quantum Mechanics I 3
18. Introductory Quantum Mechanics II 3
19. Solid State Physics I 3
20. Solid State Physics II 3
21. Nuclear Physics 3
22. Atomic & Molecular Physics 3
23. Elective I 3
24. Elective II 3
25. Elective III 3

Total 75 06 10

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Scheme of Study for BS Physics (4-Year) Program

Any student with minimum of second division in HSSC or equivalent, with Physics, can get
admission in BS Physics (4-Year) program.
The requirement for the BS degree in Physics is 133 credit hours of approved undergraduate
courses. Out of these 133 credit hours, 91 credit hours are from Major Courses (Physics) the
remaining credit hours comprises by 30 credit hours from General Education Cluster and 12 credit
hours from Interdisciplinary/ Allied Course.

Scheme of Study for Associate Degree BS (2-Year) in Physics

Any student with minimum of second division in HSSC or equivalent, with Physics, can get
admission in Associate Degree BS (2-Year) in Physics program.
The requirement for the Associate Degree BS (2-Year) in Physics is 67 credit hours of approved
undergraduate courses. Out of these 37 credit hours, 91 credit hours are from Major/Allied
Courses the remaining 30 credit hours comprise from General Education Cluster.

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 Scheme of Studies for 2-Year Associate Degree/BS (4-Year) in Physics
Semester-I
Codes Title of the Courses Cr. Hrs. Marks Remarks
ENG101 Functional English 3 100 General Education
Cluster
PSC111 Ideology and Constitution of Pakistan 2 50 General Education
Cluster
QR 101 Quantitative Reasoning-I 3 100 General Education
(Mathematics) Cluster
PHYS101 Mechanics 3 100 Major Course
MATH121 Calculus-I 3 100 Allied Course
PHYS102 Rotational Motion & Thermodynamics 3 100 Major Course
PHYS101L Lab-I 1 25 Major Course
Fundamental of Mathematics For Medical Student (non credit compulsory should be passed)
Total 18 575

Semester-II
Codes Title of the Courses Cr Hrs Marks Remarks
ENG102 Introduction to Expository Writing 3 100 General Education
Cluster
ISL112 Islamic Studies 2 50 General Education
Cluster
QR 102 Quantitative Reasoning-II (statistics 3 100 General Education
Cluster
PHYS103 Electricity and Magnetism 3 100 Major Course
PHYS104 Waves and Optics 3 100 Major Course
MGT215 Entrepreneurship 2 50 General Education
Cluster
PHYS 103L Lab-II 1 25 Major Course
Total 17 525

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 Codes Semester-III
Title Cr Hrs Marks Remarks

MATH328 Ordinary Differential Equations 3 100 Allied Course

PHYS201 Modern Physics-1 3 100 Major Course
PHYS202 Astronomy 3 100 Allied Course
SOC116 Introduction to Sociology 2 50 General Education
Cluster
ISL 113 Seerah and its Contemporary Application 2 50 General Education
‫سیرت رسول ﷺ اور اس کی عصری معنویت‬ Cluster
SOC114 Civic and Community Engagements 2 50 General Education
Cluster
PHYS201L Lab-III 1 25 Major Course
Total 16 475

Semester-IV
Codes Title of the Courses Cr Hrs Marks Remarks

GEOL101/ Introduction to Geology/ 3 100 General Education

CHEM 110/ Chemistry in everyday life/ Cluster
BOT 112 Plant Sciences

MATH327 Linear Algebra 3 100 Allied Course

CS110 Information and Communication 2+1 100 General Education
Technologies (ICT) Cluster
PHYS202 Modern Physics-II 3 100 Major Course
PHYS203 Renewable energy resources 3 100 Major Course
PHYS 203L Lab-IV 1 25 Major Course
Total 16 525

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 Semester-V
Codes Title of the Courses Cr Hrs Marks Remarks

PHYS351 Classical Mechanics I 3 100 Major Course

PHYS352 Electrodynamics I 3 100 Major Course
PHYS353 Statistical Mechanics I 3 100 Major Course
PHYS354 Mathematical Methods for 3 100 Major Course
Physicists I
PHYS355 Basic Electronics 3 100 Major Course
PHYS301L Lab-V 2 50 Major Course
Total 17 550

Semester-VI
Codes Title of the Courses Cr Hrs Marks Remarks
PHYS361 Classical Mechanics II 3 100 Major Course
PHYS362 Electrodynamics II 3 100 Major Course
PHYS363 Statistical Mechanics II 3 100 Major Course
PHYS364 Mathematical Methods for 3 100 Major Course
Physicists II
PHYS365 Quantum Mechanics I 3 100 Major Course
PHYS366L Lab-VI 2 50 Major Course
Total 17 550

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 Semester-VII
Codes Title of the Courses Cr Hrs Marks Remarks
PHYS471 Solid State Physics I 3 100 Major Course
PHYS472 Atomic and Molecular Physics 3 100 Major Course
PHYS473 Nuclear Physics 3 100 Major Course
PHYS474 Quantum Mechanics II 3 100 Major Course
PHYS475L Lab-VII 2 50 Major Course
PHYS499 Internship 3 100 Field Experience
Total 17 550

Semester-VIII
Codes Title of the Courses Cr Hrs Marks Remarks
PHYS481 Solid State Physics II 3 100 Major course
PHYS4XY Elective I 3 100 Major course
PHYS4XY Elective II 3 100 Major course
PHYS4XY Elective III 3 100 Allied Course
PHYS500 Project 3 100 Capstone Project
Total 15 500

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 ELECTIVE COURSES
S. No Course Code Course Name Credit hours
1. PHYS-482 Particle Physics 03

2. PHYS-483 Plasma Physics 03

3. PHYS-484 Surface Physics 03

4. PHYS-485 Fluid Dynamics 03

5. PHYS-486 Methods of Experimental Physics 03

6. PHYS-487 Environmental Physics 03

7. PHYS-488 Quantum Information and Quantum 03

Computation
8. PHYS-489 Semiconductor Physics 03

9. PHYS-490 Computer Simulation 03

10. PHYS-491 Digital Electronics 03

11. PHYS-492 Experimental Nuclear Physics 03

12. PHYS-493 Laser Physics 03

13. PHYS-494 Fundamentals of Optoelectronics 03

14. PHYS-495 Introduction to Material science 03

15. PHYS-496 Introduction to Nano Science 03

16. PHYS-497 Quantum Optics 03

17. PHYS-498 Seminar 01

18. PHYS-499 Internship 03

19. PHYS-500 Project 03

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 DETAILS OF ALLIED AND MAJOR COURSES FOR BS (4-Year) PROGRAM

MATH-121 Mathematics-I (Calculus-I) Cr. Hrs: 3

Specific Objectives of the Course:
Calculus is serving as the foundation of advanced subjects in all areas of mathematics. The
course, equally, emphasizes the basic concepts and skills needed for mathematical
manipulation. This course focuses on the study of functions of a single variable.

Course Outline:
Functions, upper and lower bounds of variables and functions, inverses of exponential,
circular, hyperbolic and logarithmic functions, one sided and two sided limits of functions,
continuity of functions and their graphical representations, properties of continuous
function on closed bounded intervals, discontinuity of function and its types. Derivatives:
Definition, techniques of differentiation. Derivatives of polynomials and rational,
exponential, logarithmic and trigonometric functions, Inverse functions and their
derivatives. The chain rule. Implicit differentiation. Rates of change in natural and social
sciences. Related rates. Linear approximations and differentials. Higher derivatives,
Leibnitz's theorem. Applications of derivatives: Increasing and decreasing functions.
Relative extrema and optimization. First derivative test for relative extrema. Convexity
and point of inflection. The second derivative test for extrema. Mean value theorems.
Indeterminate forms and L'Hopitals rule. Anti-derivatives and integrals. Riemann sums
and the definite integral. Properties of Integral. The fundamental theorem of calculus.
Various techniques of integration. Reduction formulae and use of Gamma Beta Functions
for integral.
Recommended Books:
1. J. Stewart, Calculus (5th edition or latest edition), Brooks/ Cole, 2002.
2. H. Anton, I. Bevens, S. Davis, Calculus: A New Horizen (8th edition or latest),
John Wiley, New York, 2005.
3. G. B. Thomas, A. R. Finney, Calculus (11th edition or latest edition), Addison-
Wesley, Reading, Ma, USA, 2005.

PHYS-101 Mechanics Cr.Hrs: 03

Course Objectives:
This course is based on basic concepts of physics that will enable students to understand
fundamentals of mechanics. After studying this course students will be able to solve
problems related to physics/mechanics.
Course Outline:
Motion along a straight line (position, displacement, velocity, acceleration and graphical
analysis of motion). Vectors and their components (vectors, unit vectors, vectors addition
by components, multiplication of vectors). Motion in two and three dimensions (position,
velocity etc. projectile motion, uniform circular motion, relative motion in one and two
dimensions). Force and Motion-I (Newton’s laws, applying Newton’s laws, some

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 particular forces). Force and Motion-II (Friction, Drag force and terminal speed, Uniform
circular motion). Kinetic Energy and Work (work done and Kinetic energy, work done by
gravitational force, Work done by a spring and variable force, Power). Potential Energy
and Conservation of Energy (Potential energy, conservation of mechanical energy,
potential energy curve, Work done on a system by external force). Center of mass and
linear momentum(center of mass, Newton’s second law for a system of particles, linear
momentum, Collision and impulse, Conservation of linear momentum, Momentum and
kinetic energy in collision, elastic collision in one and two dimensions, systems with
varying mass

Text Book: Fundamentals of Physics by Halliday, Resnick and Walker: 8th Edition (Text
book).
Holiday, Resnik, Krane
Serway Jewett, Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics. (2010)

Recommended Book:
University Physics with Modern Physics 13th Ed. Pearson Education Inc. USA

PHYS-102 Rotational Motion and Thermodynamics Cr.hr: 03

Course Objectives:
This course is based on basic concepts of physics that will enable students to understand
fundamentals of rotational mechanics and thermodynamics. After studying this course
students will be able to solve related problems.
Course Outline:
Rotation with Constant Angular Acceleration, Relating the Linear and Angular Variables,
Kinetic Energy of Rotation, Calculating the Rotational Inertia, Torque, Newton’s Second
Law for Rotation, Work and Rotational Kinetic Energy, Rolling as Translation and
Rotation Combined, The Kinetic Energy of Rolling, The Forces of Rolling, Angular
Momentum, Newton’s Second Law in Angular Form, The Angular Momentum of a
System of Particles, The Angular Momentum of a Rigid Body Rotating About a Fixed
Axis, Conservation of Angular Momentum, Newton’s Law of Gravitation, Gravitation and
the Principle of Superposition, Gravitation Near Earth’s Surface, Gravitation Inside Earth,
Gravitational Potential Energy, Planets and Satellites, Kepler’s Laws, Satellites: Orbits
and Energy, Einstein and Gravitation, A Closer Look at Heat and Work, The First Law of
Thermodynamics, Some Special Cases of the First Law of Thermodynamics, Heat
Transfer Mechanisms, Avogadro’s Number, Ideal Gases, Pressure, Temperature, and RMS
Speed, Translational Kinetic Energy, Mean Free Path, The Distribution of Molecular
Speeds, The Molar Specific Heats of an Ideal Gas, Degrees of Freedom and Molar
Specific Heats, A Hint of Quantum Theory, The Adiabatic Expansion of an Ideal Gas,
Irreversible Processes and Entropy, Change in Entropy, The Second Law of
Thermodynamics, Entropy in the Real World: Engines, Entropy in the Real World:
Refrigerators, The Efficiencies of Real Engines, A Statistical View of Entropy

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Text Book: Physics by Hallidy, Resnick and Walker: 8th Edition

PHYS-101L Lab-I (Mechanics) Cr.Hrs: 1

Objectives:
The purpose of the introductory physics lab is to supply the practical knowledge for
understanding of the basics physics experiments.
Experiments:
1. Modulus of Rigidity by Static & Dynamic method (Maxwell’s needle, Barton’s
Apparatus).
2. Measurement of viscosity of liquid by Stoke’s / Poiseulli’s method.
3. Surface tension of water by capillary tube method.
4. To determine the value of “g” by compound pendulum / Kater’s Pendulum.
5. To study the dependence of Centripetal force on mass, radius, and angular
velocity of a body in circular motion.
6. Determination of moment of inertia of a solid/hollow cylinder and a sphere etc.
7. To study the conservation of energy (Hook’s law).
8. To determine thermal Emf and plot temperature diagram.
9. Determination of temperature coefficient of resistance of a given wire.
10. Determination of “J” by Callender – Barnis method.
11. The determination of Stefan’s constant.
12. Calibration of thermocouple by potentiometer.
13. To determine the Thermal conductivity of good and bad conductors using
Lee’s and Searl’s apparatus.
14. To determine Horizontal/Vertical distance by Sextant.

Recommended Books:
1. D. H. Marrow, Selected Experiments in Physical Sciences, Longman.
2. Nelkon and Ogborn, Advanced Level Practical Physics, Heimann Educational
Books
3. Nolan and Bigliani, Experiments in Physics, Surjeet Pub Ind.
4. C. K. Bhattacharya, University Practical Physics, CBS Publishing

Fundamental Mathematics Cr.Hrs: 03

Trigonometry, complex numbers, vector algebra, ordinary differentiation, ordinary

integration, limits and continuity, binomial theorem, Taylor series, probability,
group theory
Text Book: S. Lang, Basic Mathematics Columbia University, Addison-Wesley Publishing
Company, Inc. New York

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MATH Calculus-II Cr. Hrs: 3

Specific Objectives of the Course:

Analytical geometry is serving as the foundation of advanced subjects in all areas of
mathematical analysis. The sequence, equally, emphasizes the basic concepts and skills
needed for mathematical manipulation. As continuation of Calculus, it focuses on the
study of foundation of plane and one, two dimensional geometry.
Course Outline:
Curves and their representation in cartesian, polar and parametric forms, tangents and
normal, maxima, minima and points of inflection, convexity and concavity, asymptotes
and curve tracing, translation and rotation of axes in one dimension, general equation of
the second degree and the classification of conic sections, conic in polar coordinates,
tangents and normal, rectangular coordinate system, translation and rotation of axes in two
dimension, direction cosines, ratios and angles between two lines, standard forms of
equations of planes and lines, intersection of planes and lines, distance between points,
lines and planes, shortest distance between lines, symmetry, intercepts and sections of a
surface, spherical, polar and cylindrical coordinate systems, standard form of the equations
of sphere, cylinder, cone, ellipsoid, parabolid and hyperboloid.
Recommended Books:
1. J. Stewart, Calculus (5th edition or latest edition), Brooks/ Cole, 2002.
2. H. Anton, I. Bevens, S. Davis, Calculus: A New Horizen (8th edition or latest),
John Wiley, New York, 2005.
3. G. B. Thomas, AR Finney, Calculus (11th edition or latest), Addison-Wesley,
Reading, Ma, USA, 2005.

PHYS-103 Electricity and Magnetism Cr.Hrs: 03

Electrostatics: Electric Charge, Quantization and conservation of electric charge,

Coulomb’s Law, Electric Fields due to a Point Charge and an Electric Dipole, Electric
Field due to a Charge Distribution, Electric Dipole in an Electric Field, Electric Flux,
Gauss’ Law and its Applications in Planar, Spherical and Cylindrical Symmetry
Electric Potential: Equipotential Surfaces, Potential due to a Point Charge and a Group of
Point Charges, Potential due to an Electric Dipole, Potential due to a continuous Charge
Distribution, Relation between Electric Field and Electric Potential Energy,
Capacitors and Capacitance: Parallel Plate, Cylindrical and Spherical capacitors,
Capacitors in Series and Parallel, Energy Stored in an Electric Field, Dielectrics and
Gauss’ Law
DC Circuits: Electric Current and Current Density, Resistance and Resistivity, Ohm’s
Law, Power in Electric Circuits, Work, Energy, and EMF, Resistances in Series and
Parallel, Single and Multiloop Circuits, Kirchhoff’s Rules, RC Circuits, Charging and
Discharging of a Capacitor

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 Magnetic Field and Magnetic Force: Crossed Electric and Magnetic Fields and their
Applications, Hall Effect, Magnetic Force on a Current Carrying Wire, Torque on a
Current Loop, Magnetic Dipole Moment, Magnetic Field Due to a Current, Force between
two Parallel Currents, Ampere’s Law, Biot-Savart Law: Magnetic Field due to a Current,
Long Straight Wire carrying Current, Solenoids and Toroids, A current-carrying Coil as a
Magnetic Dipole, Inductance, Faraday’s Law of Induction, Lenz’s Law, Induction and
Energy Transfers, Induced Electric Fields, Inductors and Inductances, Self Inductance, RL
Circuits, Energy Stored in a Magnetic Field, Energy Density, Mutual Induction,
Transformers

Recommended Text Books:

1. D. Halliday, R. Resnick and J. Walker, “Fundamentals of Physics”, John Wiley & Sons,
9th ed. 2010.
2. R. A. Serway and J. W. Jewett, “Physics for Scientists and Engineers”, Golden Sunburst
Series, 8th ed. 2010.
3. R. A. Freedman, H. D. Young, and A. L. Ford (Sears and Zeemansky), “University Physics
with Modern Physics”, Addison-Wesley-Longman, 13th International ed. 2010

PHYS-104 Waves and Optics Cr. Hrs: 03

Course Objectives:
To obtain a sound understanding of oscillations and waves and their mathematical
description. To acquire the basic knowledge of EM waves and optical phenomena such as
interference, diffraction and polarization

Course Outlines:
Simple harmonic motion, angular simple harmonic oscillator, simple pendulum and
physical pendulum, simple harmonic motion and uniform circular motion, damped simple
harmonic motion, forced oscillations and resonance, transverse and longitudinal waves,
waves on a stretched string, energy and power of a wave traveling along a string, the wave
equation, interference of waves, phasors, standing waves and resonance, sound waves,
speed of sound waves, interference of sound waves, intensity of sound, sound level and the
Decibel scale, standing waves in pipes, beats, the Doppler effect.
Electromagnetic waves, polarization of EM waves, reflection and refraction of light, total
internal reflection, plane mirrors and spherical mirrors, the mirror equation, magnification,
thin lenses, the lens maker’s equation, light waves, index of refraction, interference of
light waves and Young’s interference experiment, intensity in double-slit interference,
interference from thin films, diffraction of light waves, single-slit diffraction, intensity in
single-slit diffraction, diffraction by a circular aperture, double-slit diffraction, diffraction
gratings, dispersion and resolving power.
Recommended Books:
1. Fundamentals of Physics by Halliday, Resnick and Walker, 10th Edition.

15
 2. Physics Vol. I & II by Resnick, Halliday and Krane, 5th Edition, John Wiley and Sons
Inc, New York, 2002.
3. L. S.. Pedrotti, S. Pedrotti and L. M. Pedrotti, “Introduction to Optics”, Pearson Prentice
Hall, 3rd ed. (2007).
4. University Physics 8th Edition by Sears, Zemansky and Young, Addison-Wesley,
Reading (MA), USA, 2000.

PHYS-103L Lab-II (Electricity and Magnetism) Cr.Hrs: 1

1. Measurement of resistance using a Neon flash bulb and condenser
2. Conversion of a galvanometer into Voltmeter & an Ammeter
3. Calibration of an Ammeter and a Voltmeter by potentiometer
4. Charge sensitivity of a ballistic galvanometer
5. Comparison of capacities by ballistic galvanometer.
6. Measurement of low resistance coil by a Carey Foster Bridge.
7. Resonance frequency of an acceptor circuit
8. Resonance frequency of a Rejecter Circuit.
9. Study of the parameter of wave i.e. amplitude, phase and time period of a
complex signal by CRO.
10. Measurement of self/mutual inductance.
11. To study the application of Lorentz force by CRO.
Recommended Books:
1. D. H. Marrow, Selected Experiments in Physical Sciences, Longman.
2. Nelkon and Ogborn, Advanced Level Practical Physics, Heimann Educational Books
3. Nolan and Bigliani, Experiments in Physics, Surjeet Pub Ind.
4. C. K. Bhattacharya, University Practical Physics, CBS Publishing

Study tour: A study tour may be arranged for students to various Physics research
institutes/centers, such as National center for Physics (NCP), National institute of Lasers and
Optronics (NILOP), Quaid-IAzam University Islamabad, Punjab University.

MATH- 328 Differential Equations Cr Hrs: 03

Specific Objectives of the Course:
This course will provide the foundation for all advanced subjects in Mathematics. Strong
foundation and applications of Ordinary Differential Equations is the goal of the course.
Course Outline:
Basic definition of differential equations, formation of differential equations, initial and boundary
value problems, differential equations of the first order and first degree, equations with separable
variable, homogeneous differential equations, equations reducible to homogeneous form, exact
differential equations, integrating factors, rules for determinations of integrating factors, linear
equations of the first order, Non-linear equations of the first order, linear differential equations of
high order, solution of homogeneous linear equations, principle of superposition and Wronksian,
determination of particular integral, short methods for finding particular integral, orthogonal

16
trajectories, Cauchy-Euler equations, 2nd order linear differential equations, reduction of order
method, undetermined Coefficient method, variations of parameters method.
Recommended Books:
1. D.G. Zill, M.R, Cullen, Differential Equations withBoundary-Value Problems,
(latest Edition), PWS Publishing Company, 2010.
2. D.G. Zill, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Jones and Bartlett Publishers,
2005.
3. Erwin Kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, John Wiley and Sons (9th
edition), 2010.
4. G.E. Andrews, R. Askey, and R. Roy, Special Functions, Cambridge University
Press, 2000.

PHYS-201 Modern Physics I Cr.Hrs: 3

Course Objectives
Modern physics is serving the foundation of advanced subjects in physics. The course
emphasizes to learn the basic concepts of symmetry of the nature to understand the non-
classical aspects of the Physics.
Course Contents
Frame of references, postulates of special relativity, time dilation and length contraction,
ultimate speed limit, relativistic mass and momentum, relativistic second law, relativistic
and rest mass energy, relativistic energy and momentum, massless particles, Galilean and
Lorentz transformation , Inverse transformation, Lorentz velocities addition, simultaneity,
space time interval, light cones, time like, space like and light like intervals,
Electromagnetic waves, black body radiations, Stefan Boltzmann law, Wien displacement
and Wien fifth law, Rayleigh Jean law, Plank radiation law, X-rays and their types,
Production of x-rays, Photoelectric effect, Compton effect, De-Broglie waves, Davisson
and Germer as well as G.P Thomson experiments for electron diffraction, nuclear atom,
Rutherford experiment and scattering formula, electron orbits, atomic spectra,
quantization in atomic world, correspondence principle, Franck-Hertz experiment, Laser,
Ruby and Helium-Neon lasers schemes, quantum numbers, space quantization,
Text Books:
(1) Concepts of Modern physics (latest edition) by Arthur Beiser
(2) Introduction to Atomic and Nuclear physics (HENRY SEMAT)
(3) R.A. Serway, C.J. Moses, C.A. Moyer, “Modern Physics”, Brooks Cole, 3rd edi. 2004.
(4) P. A. Tipler and R.A. Llewellyn “Modern Physics” W H Freeman and Company 6th ed.
2012.

PHYS-202 Astronomy Cr.Hrs. 03

Objective of the course
In this introductory course the students will learn how theoretical research with
observations has led to our present understanding of astronomical bodies. While

17
 continuing their education, students can use the knowledge gained in the Astronomy
course to allow them to put in perspective mankind's place in the universe.

Outlines
Introductory Concepts, Orbits & Light, Spectroscopy, Telescopes, Solar System,
Planetary System Formation, The Sun, Properties of Stars, Interstellar Medium, Star
Formation, Stellar Evolution, Stellar Explosions, Neutron Stars, Cosmology Cosmology
and the Early Universe, Gamma-ray, Bursts & Black Holes, Milky Way, Galaxies, The
Early Universe

Text Books:
1. “Astronomy” Fraknoi, A et al. University of San Francisco. ISBN-13: 978-1-
711470-56-6
2. “Cosmic Perspective, The Solar System”, by Bennett & Donahue, Addison
Wesslley, 5th Ed. paperbk.
3. “A Beginners Guide to the Universe” 7th Ed., Chaisson and McMillan, 2013,
Pearson Education Inc. (Glenview, Il). ISBN 978-0-321-81535-4.
4. “Universe” by Freedman & Kaufmann, Freeman, 8th Ed.

PHYS-201L Lab-III (Waves and Optics) Cr. Hrs: 1

1. Investigation of phase change with position in traveling wave and measurement of the
velocity of sound by C.R.O.
2. To study the damping features of an oscillating system using simple pendulum of
variable mass
3. To determine frequency of AC supply by CRO.
4. The determination of wavelength of Sodium –D lines by Newton’s Ring.
5. The determination of wavelength of light/laser by Diffraction grating.
6. Determination of wavelength of sodium light by Fresnel’s bi-prism.
7. The determination of resolving power of a diffraction grating.
8. The measurement of specific rotation of sugar by Polarimeter and determination of
sugar concentration in a given solution.
9. To study the combinations of harmonic motion (Lissajous figures).
10. To study the parameters of waves (Beats phenomenon).
11. To study the laws of vibration of stretched string using sonometer.
Recommended Books:
1. D. H. Marrow, Selected Experiments in Physical Sciences, Longman.
2. Nelkon and Ogborn, Advanced Level Practical Physics, Heimann Educational Books
3. Nolan and Bigliani, Experiments in Physics, Surjeet Pub Ind.
4. C. K. Bhattacharya, University Practical Physics, CBS Publishing

18
Study tour: A study tour may be arranged for students to various Physics research
institutes/centers, such as National center for Physics (NCP), National institute of Lasers and
Optronics (NILOP), Quaid-IAzam University Islamabad, Punjab University.

MATH-327 Linear Algebra Cr Hrs: 03

Specific Objectives of the Course:

This is a course in abstract linear algebra. The majority of follow up courses in both pure
and applied mathematics assume the material covered in this course.
Course Outline: Algebra of matrices, determinants, matrix of a linear transformation, row
and column operations, rank, inverse of matrices, solution of homogeneous and non-
homogeneous equations, orthogonal transformation. Vector spaces, subspaces, linear
dependence and independence, linear span of a subset of a vector space, bases and
dimensions of a vector space, sums and direct sums of subspaces of a finite dimensional
vector space, dimension theorem, linear transformation, null space, image space of linear
transformation, rank and nullity of a linear transformation, relation between rank, nullity
and dimension of the domain of a linear transformation, matrix of linear transformation,
change of basis, inner product spaces, orthogonal and orthonormal basis, similar matrices
and diagonalization of a matrix, Home (V,W), dimension and basis of Home (V,W), dual
space and dual basis, annihilators, Eigen values and Eigen vectors and minimal
polynomials.
Recommended Books:
1. S. J. Axle, Linear Algebra Done Right, Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics,
Springer, New York, Schaum’s outlines series, 1996.
2. G. Birkhoff, S. Maclane, A Survey of Modern Algebra (4th edition), AKP, 1998.
3. W. L. C. Perry, Elementary Linear Algebra, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1988.

PHYS-202 Modern Physics II Cr. Hrs: 3

Course Objectives
Modern physics is serving the foundation of advanced subjects in physics. The course
emphasizes to learn the concepts of symmetry of the nature to understand the non-classical
aspects of the Physics.
Course Contents
Introduction to statistical mechanics, statistical distribution, Classical Maxwell Boltzmann
statistics, Molecular energies distribution in ideal gas, distribution of molecular speeds,
Root mean square speed, average and most probable speeds, Quantum statistics, bosons
and fermions, symmetric and anti-symmetric waves functions, Bose- Einstein and Fermi
Dirac distributions, Bose-Einstein condensation, specific heats of solid, Dulong-Petit law
and Einstein formula for specific heat capacity, Free-electron in metals, electron energy
distribution and Fermi energy, Solid state physics, crystalline and amorphous solids,
crystal defects, ionic crystals, cohesive energy of ionic crystal, covalent crystals, Bucky
ball and nano-tubes, Van der Walls bonds, Hydrogen bonds, metallic bonds and metallic
hydrogen, band theory of solids, formation of valence and conduction bands in carbon and

19
 silicon, Insulator, semiconductor and conductor, Nuclear structure, Nuclear composition,
Atomic masses, nuclear properties, nuclear decays, Binding energy, binding energy per
nucleon, nuclear models, strong nuclear forces, meson theory of nuclear forces,
radioactive decay, Half-life and radiometric dating, radioactive series, alpha, beta and
gamma decays, nuclear reactions and its types, Nuclear fission and nuclear fusion, Flavor,
Higgs boson, The standard model.

Text Books:
(1) Concepts of Modern physics (latest edition) by Arthur Beiser
(2) Introduction to Atomic and Nuclear physics (HENRY SEMAT)
(3) R.A. Serway, C.J. Moses, C.A. Moyer, “Modern Physics”, Brooks Cole, 3rd Ed. 2004.
(4) P. A. Tipler and R.A. Llewellyn “Modern Physics” W H Freeman and Company 6th ed.
2012.

PHYS-204 Renewable Energy Resources Cr.Hrs: 3

Objectives: To give students an understanding of the renewable energy resources
Outlines:
Energy Scenarios: Importance of energy, world primary energy sources, energy demand,
supplies, reserves, growth in demand
Energy & Environment: Emission of pollutants from fossil fuels and their damaging
effects, and economics impact; Renewable energy and its sustainability. Promising
renewable energy sources,
Solar Energy: Sun-Earth relationship, geometry, sun path and solar irradiance, solar
spectrum, solar constant, atmospheric effects, global distribution, daily and seasonal
variations
Solar Thermal: Flat plate collectors, their designs, heat transfer, transmission through
glass, absorption transmission of sun energy, selective surfaces, performance, and
efficiency; low temperature applications:
Photovoltaic: PV effect, materials, solar cell working, efficiencies, different types of solar
cells, characteristics, power, spectral response, fill-factor, temperature effect; PV systems,
performance and applications.
Wind: Global distribution, resource assessment, wind speed, height and topographic
effects, power extraction for wind energy conversion, wind mills, their types, capacity,
properties,
Hydropower: Global resources, and their assessment, classification, micro, mini, small
and large resources, principles of energy conversion; turbines, types, their working and
efficiency for micro to small power systems;
Biogas: Biomass sources; residue, farms, forest. Solid wastes: agricultural, industrial and
municipal wastes etc; applications, Environment issues.
Geothermal: Temperature variation in the earth, sites, potentials, availability, extraction
techniques, applications; water and space heating, power generations,
Waves and Tides: Wave motion, energy, potentials, sites, power extraction, and
transmission, generation of tides,

20
 Hydrogen Fuel: Importance of H2 as energy carrier, Properties of H2, production,
hydrolysis, fuel cells, types, applications, current status and future prospects.
Nuclear: Global generations of reserves through reprocessing and breeder reactors,
growth rate, prospects of nuclear fusion,

Recommended Books
1. World Energy Supply: Resources, Technologies, Prospectives: Manfred Grathwohl;
Walter deGruyter – Berlin, 1982.
2. Renewable Energy Resources; John W. Twidell and Anthony D. Weir; E & F.N. Spon
Ltd. London. 1986.
3. An Introduction to Solar Radiation: Muhammad Iqbal; Academic Press, Canada. 1983.
4. A Practical Guide to Solar Electricity, Simon Roberts: Prentice Hall Inc. USA, 1991.

PHYS-202L Lab-IV (Modern Physics) Cr. Hrs: 1

Objectives:
The laboratory should engage each student in significant experiences with experimental
processes, including some experience designing investigation. The aim of this lab is to
make students able to get understanding about electronic devices including gates,
transistors, capacitors, diodes etc and aware them about their importance in real world
systems.
1. Determination of Planck’s constant (h) by using the photoelectric effect.
2. Determination of the charge on an electron (e) by Millikan’s method.
3. The Frank-hertz experiment (Measurement of excitation potential of Hg).
4. Determination of the Rydberg constant from the spectrum of hydrogen.
5. Fabry-Perot interferometer used as a gas refractometer.
6. To study the Zeeman effects for a line in the spectrum of helium.
7. To prove the Rutherford law of scattering of charged particles and study of their
Photoelectric effect and Compton absorption
8. Determination of ionization potential of mercury.
9. To find the stopping potential of photo cell

Recommended Books:
rd
1. G L Squires, Practical Physics, 3 Edition, Cambridge University Press
2. Nolan and Bigliani, Experiments in Physics, Surjeet Pub Ind.
3. C K Bhattacharya, University Practical Physics, CBS Publishing.

Study tour: A study tour may be arranged for students to various Physics research
institutes/centers, such as National center for Physics (NCP), National institute of Lasers and
Optronics (NILOP), Quaid-e-Azam University Islamabad, Punjab University.

21
PHYS-351 Classical Mechanics I Cr.Hrs: 3
Prerequisite: Mechanics
Introduction
Newtonian mechanics: Space and Time, Newton's laws, Frame of Reference, The
equation of motion for a particle, Conservative Theorems, Energy, Limitations of
Newtonian mechanics.
Oscillations: Simple harmonic oscillator, harmonic oscillations in two dimensions, Phase
diagrams, damped oscillations, sinusoidal deriving forces, physical systems, principle of
superposition.
Some methods in calculus of variations: Statement of the problem, Euler's equation, The
second form of the Euler equation, functions with several dependent variables, Euler
equations when auxiliary conditions are imposed, the δ notation.
Hamilton's principle, Lagrangian and Hamiltonian dynamics: Hamilton's principle,
applications of Hamilton's principle, generalized coordinates, Lagrange's equations of
motions in generalized coordinates, Lagrange's equations with undermined multipliers,
Equivalence of Lagrange's and Newton's equations, Essence of Lagrange's dynamics, a
theorem concerning the kinetic energy, Conservation theorems revisited, Canonical
equations of motion, Hamiltonian dynamics and some comments regarding dynamical
variables and variational calculations in physics, phase space and Liouville's theorem,
Virial theorem, applications of Virial theorem.
Central force motion: Reduced mass, conservation theorems, first integrals of the
motion, equation of motion, orbits in a central field, centrifugal energy and effective
potential, Planetray motion and Kepler's problem, orbital dynamics, apsidal angles and
precession, stability of circular orbits.
Recommended Book:
1. S.T. Thornton, J.B. Marion, “Classical Dynamics of Particles and Systems”, Brooks
Cole; 5th ed. (2003).
2. T. L. Chow, “Classical Mechanics”, John Wiley, (1995).
3. H. Goldstein “Classical Mechanics” latest edition.

PHYS-352 Electrodynamics I Cr.Hrs: 3

Objectives: To prepare the students regardingthe concepts of electrodynamics, the basic
laws of electrodynamics, electric filed, potential and use of them in various situations.
Course contents:
Vector Analysis, Vector Algebra, Differential calculus, integral calculus Curvilinear
coordinate, The Dirac delta functions, The Theory of Vector Fields.
Electrostatics, The Electric Field, Divergence and Curl of Electrostatic field, Electric
Potential, Work and Energy in Electrostatics, Conductors.Special Techniques, Laplace’s
Equation, The Method of Images, Separation of Variables, Multipole, Expansion. Electric
Fields in MatterPolarization, The Field of a Polarized Objects, The Electric Displacement,
Linear Dielectrics. Magnetostatics, The Lorentz force law, The Biot Savart Law, The
Divergence and Curl of B, Magnetic Vector Potential.
Text book: Introduction to Electrodynomics (4th Edition) by David J. Griffiths).

22
Recommended Books:
1. Electromagnetic Theory by Carson and Lorains
2. Electromagnetic Theory by Reid and Milford.

PHYS-353 Statistical Mechanics I Cr.Hrs: 03

Fundamental definitions, Thermometers, Different aspects of equilibrium, Mechanical
equilibrium, Thermal equilibrium, Chemical equilibrium, Functions of state, Internal
energy, Reversible changes, Enthalpy, Heat capacities, Reversible adiabatic changes in an
ideal gas, work done in various thermodynamic process, A first look at the entropy, The
second law of thermodynamics, The Carnot cycle, The equivalence of the absolute and the
perfect gas scale of+ temperature, Definition of entropy, Measuring the entropy, The law
of increase of entropy, Calculations of the increase in the entropy in irreversible processes,
Two systems at different temperatures thermalize, Extending a spring, Expanding a gas
into a vacuum, The approach to equilibrium ,Ideas about probability, Classical probability,
Statistical probability, The axioms of probability theory, Independent events, Counting the
number of events, Arrangements, Permutations of r objects from n, Combinations of r
objects from n, Statistics and distributions (Binomial distribution, Gaussian distribution
and poison distribution, error function),Introduction, Micro canonical ensemble,
Definition of the quantum state of the system, A simple model of spins on lattice sites,
Equations of state, Spin system, Vacancies in a crystal, A model for a rubber band, The
second law of thermodynamics, A system in contact with a heat bath, The partition
function, Definition of the entropy in the canonical ensemble, The bridge to
thermodynamics through the partition function, The condition for thermal equilibrium,
Thermodynamic quantities from partition function, Two-level system, Single particle in a
one-dimensional box, Single particle in a three-dimensional box, Expressions for heat and
work, Rotational energy levels for diatomic molecules, Vibrational energy levels for
diatomic molecules, Factorizing the partition function, Equipartition theorem, Minimizing
the free energy (Minimizing the Helmholtz free energy, Minimizing the Gibbs free
energy).
Text Book.
Roger Bowley and Mariana Sanchez, “Introductory Statistical Mechanics”, Clarendon
Press Oxford, second edition 1999.
Reference Books
1. Harvey Gould and Jan Tobochnik, “Statistical and Thermal Physics with Computer
Application”,
, second edition 2010.
2. F. Reif, “Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics”, Waveland Press Inc. 2008

PHYS-354 Mathematical Methods for Physicists I Cr.Hrs: 3

Objectives The objectives of this course is to develop the skills for mathematical physics
involving power series, complex numbers, matrix operations, implicit differentiation,
optimization, and analysis for complex functions.

23
 Course Outline:
The geometric series, convergent and divergent series, testing series for convergence; the
preliminary test, convergence test for series of positive terms; absolute convergence,
alternating series, power series; interval of convergence, power series, accuracy of series
approximation. complex plane, complex algebra, complex infinite series, complex power
series; disk of convergence, powers and roots, exponential and trigonometric functions,
hyperbolic functions, applications. matrices; row reduction, determinants; cramer’s rule,
vectors, lines and planes, matrix operations, linear combinations, linear functions, linear
operators, linear dependence and independence, special matrices and formulas,
diagonalizing matrices, power series in two variables, approximations using differentials,
chain rule or differentiating a function of a function, implicit differentiation, more chain
rule, application to maximum and minimum problems. analytic functions, contour
integrals, the residue theorems, methods of finding residues, evaluation of definite
integrals by use of residue theorem.

Recommended Books:
1. Mary L. Boas Mathematical Methods In The Physical Sciences Third Edition.
2. Mathematical Methods for Physicists: by Arfken & Weber, publisher: Academic Press;
6th Edition, (2005)
3. Mathematical Methods for Physicists: by Tai L. Chow, publisher: Cambridge
University Press, (2002).

PHYS-355 Basic Electronics Cr.Hrs: 3

Course Objectives: To enable students to understand basics electronics, electrical circuits
and their applications.
Course Contents: Ohm’s law, Kirchoff’s voltage and current laws, the superposition
principle, multi-path circuits. Source transformation, maximum power transfer theorem,
Thevenin-Norton equivalent circuits, linear system analysis basics. Introduction to
semiconductors, intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, temperature dependence of carrier
concentrations, electrons and holes. Basic principles of pn junctions, built-in potential, and
space charge layers, forward and reverse bias, the diode equation. Ideal diodes, terminal
characteristics of junction diodes, modeling the diode forward characteristic, operation in
the reverse breakdown region. Rectifier circuits, limiting and clamping circuits, special
diodes (Zener and tunnel diodes) and applications. Fully controlled single phase SCR
bridge rectifier and rectifier circuits, switch mode power supplies. Bipolar Junction
Transistors (BJT), device structure and physical operation, current-voltage characteristics,
DC analysis and biasing techniques, small-signal operation and models, single stage
amplifier, transfer functions, BJTs as a switch. Basic operational amplifiers, inverting and
non-inverting, differential modes, gain and bandwidth, frequency response, nonlinear
applications. Principles of feedback, stability, oscillator circuits, analysis in real time and
frequency space.

Recommended texts:

24
 1. Microelectronic Circuits, by A.S. Sedra and K.C. Smith, publisher: Oxford University
Press, 5th Edition (2007).
2. Thomas L. Floyd, Electronic Devices (Conventional Current Version), 9th edition, 2012,
Pearson.
3. Semiconductor Physics and Devices, by DS. A. Neamen, publisher: McGraw – Hill
Science/Engineering/Math, 3rd Edition (2002)
4. Electrical Circuit Theory and Technology, by J. O. Bird, publisher: Newnes (an Imprint of
Butterworth – Heinemann Ltd), 2nd Revised Edition (2003).

PHYS-301L Lab- V (Electronics) Cr.Hrs: 2

Objectives:
The laboratory should help the students to develop a broad array of basic skills and tools
of experimental physics and data analysis. The aim of this lab is to give the students the
experimental techniques and physical understanding of nuclear phenomena.
1. Transistor pulse-circuitry (three types of flipflop and the Schmidt trigger circuit).
2. Design of high or medium voltage dc power supply and measurement of the voltage
regulation. Ripple factor etc.
3. Design of an L.F.R.C. coupled amplifier and a study of its characteristics.
4. Design of high or medium voltage dc power supply and measurement of the voltage
regulation. Ripple factor, etc.
5. Design of a medium wave T.R.F. or superheterdyne receiver and measurement of its
sensitivity. Power out-put selectivity, etc. the operational amplifier.
6. To design and build a linear integrator to enable digitization of photo-multiplier pulses,
or to design and build a height-to-width converter.
7. To design and build a lotic circuit (using AND/OR/NOR gates) for performing a given
function.
8. Setting up of half & full wave rectifier & study of following factors
i. Smoothing effect of a capacitor
ii. Ripple factor & its variation with load.
iii. Study of regulation of output voltage with load.
9. To set up a single stage amplifier & measure its voltage gain and bandwidth.
10. To set up transistor oscillator circuit and measure its frequency by an oscilloscope.
11. To set up and study various logic gates (AND, OR, NAND etc) using diode and to
develop their truth table.
12. To set up an electronic switching circuit using transistor LDR and demonstrate its use
as a NOT Gate.
13. Characteristics of a transistor.
14. Study of electric circuits by black box.
15. To study the network theorems (Superposition, Thevinin, Norton).
Recommended Books:
1. R.J. Higgings. Experimental Electronics (McGraw-Hill).
rd
2. G. L. Squires, Practical Physics, 3 Edition, Cambridge University Press

25
 3. Nolan and Bigliani, Experiments in Physics, Surjeet Pub Ind.
4. C. K. Bhattacharya, University Practical Physics, CBS Publishing.

Study Tour: A study tour may be arranged for students to various Physics Research
Institutes/Centers, such as National center for Physics (NCP), National institute of Lasers and
Optronics (NILOP), Quaid-IAzam University Islamabad, Punjab University.

PHYS-361 Classical Mechanics II Cr.Hrs: 3

Prerequisite: Classical Mechanics I

Dynamics of a system of particles: Centre of mass, Linear momentum of the systems,

angular momentum of the systems, energy of the system, elastic collisions of two
particles, kinematics of elastic collisions, inelastic collisions, scattering cross sections,
Rutherford scattering formula, rocket motion.
Motion in a noninertial reference frame: Rotating coordinates systems, centrifugal and
Coriolis forces, motion relative to earth.
Dynamics of rigid bodies: Simple planar motion, inertia tensor, angular momentum,
principal axes of inertia, moments of inertia for different coordinate systems, further
properties of the inertia tensor, Eulerian angles, Euler's equations for a rigid body, force-
free motion of a symmetric top, motion of a symmetric top with one point fixed, stability
of rigid body rotations.
Special theory of relativity: Galilean invariance, Lorentz transformation, Experimental
verification of the special theory, Relativistic Doppler effect, twin paradox, relativistic
momentum, energy, space time and four vectors, Lagrangian function in special relativity,
relativistic kinematics.
Recommended Book:
1. S.T. Thornton, J.B. Marion, “Classical Dynamics of Particles and Systems”, Brooks
Cole; 5th ed. (2003).
2. T. L. Chow, “Classical Mechanics”, John Wiley, (1995).
3. H. Golstein “Classical Mechanics” latest edition..

PHYS-362 Electrodynamics II Cr.Hrs: 3

Objectives: To apprise the students regarding the concepts of electrodynamics, Maxwell’s
equations, electromagnetic waves and their use in various situations.
Course contents: Magnetic Fields in Matter, Magnetization ,The Field of Magnetized
Object, The Auxiliary Field H., Linear and, Non Linear Media, Electrodynamics,
Electromotive Force, Electromagnetic Induction, Maxwell’s Equations, Conservation

26
 Laws, Charge and Energy, Momentum, Electromagnetic Waves, Waves in one
dimension,Electromagnetic waves in vacuum, Electromagnetic waves and matter,
Absorption and dispersion, Guided waves, potential and Fields, the potential formulation,
Continues distribution, Point Charges
Text book: Introduction to Electrodynamics (Latest Ed.) by David J. Griffiths.
Recommended Books:
1. Electromagnetic Theory by Carson and Lorains. Latest Ed.
2. Electromagnetic Theory by Reid and Milford. Latest Ed.
3. Classical Electrodynamics by S. P. Puri Tata McGraw Hill 1999

PHYS-363 Statistical Mechanics II Cr.Hrs: 3

Identical particles, Symmetric and anti-symmetric wave functions, Bose particles or bosons,
Fermi particles or fermions, Calculating the partition function for Bosons with a large number
of levels, Calculating the partition function for Fermions with a large number of levels, Spin,
Identical particles localized on lattice sites, Identical particles in a molecule, The probability
that a particle is in a quantum state, Derivation of Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution, Density of
states in k space, Single-particle density of states in energy, The distribution of speeds of
particles in a classical gas, Molecular beams. Black-body radiation, The Rayleigh-Jeans
theory, Planck's distribution, Waves as particles, Derivation of the Planck distribution, The
free energy, Einstein's model of vibrations in a solid, Debye's model of vibrations in a solid,
Solid and vapor in equilibrium, Cosmic background radiation. Introduction, the statistical
mechanics of identical particles, Fermi particle, Bose particle, the thermodynamic properties
of a Fermi gas, High-temperature region, Properties at the absolute zero, Thermal properties of
a Fermi gas at low temperatures, A non-interacting Bose gas. systems with variable number of
particles, The condition for chemical equilibrium, The approach to chemical equilibrium, The
chemical potential, Method of measuring µ, Methods of calculating µ, Reactions, External
chemical potential, The grand canonical ensemble, Absorption of atoms on surface sites, The
grand potential,

Text book Roger Bowley and Mariana Sanchez, “Introductory Statistical Mechanics”,
Clarendon Press Oxford, second edition 1999.
Reference Books
1. Harvey Gould and Jan Tobochnik, “Statistical and Thermal Physics with Computer
Application”, second edition 2010.
2. F. Reif, “Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics”, Waveland Press Inc.
2008

PHYS-364 Mathematical Method for Physicists II Cr.Hrs: 3

27
 Objectives This course provides an introduction to methods for solutions of the
periodic/non periodic functions, integrals, differential equations in mathematical physics,
series solution, etc. This may provide a base to advance theoretical physics.
Course Outline:
Periodic functions, Fourier coefficients, Dirichlet conditions, complex form of Fourier
series, Fourier coefficients at other intervals, even and odd functions, application to sound,
Parseval’s theorem, Fourier transforms. separable equations, linear first-order equations,
exact equations, homogenous equations, second-order linear equations with constant
coefficients, Laplace transform, solutions of differential equations by Laplace transforms,
introduction to green functions. gamma function; recursion relation, the gamma function
of negative numbers, beta functions, beta functions in terms of gamma functions, the error
function. Solution of differential equations using power series method, Legendre’s
equation, Leibniz rule, Rodrigues formula, generating function, Bessel’s equation, second
solution of Bessel’s equation, Hermite functions; Laguerre functions; ladder operators.
Laplace equation, heat flow equation; the Schrodinger equation, the wave equation, steady
state temperature in a cylinder. Contravariant, covariant, and mixed tensors. Metric
tensors.
Recommended Books:
1. Mary L. Boas Mathematical Methods In The Physical Sciences Third Edition.
2. Mathematical Methods for Physicists: by Arfken & Weber, publisher: Academic Press;
6th Edition, (2005)
3. Mathematical Methods for Physicists: by Tai L. Chow, publisher: Cambridge
University Press, (2002)

PHYS-365 Quantum Mechanics I Cr. Hrs: 3

Course Objective: This course aims to provide an introduction to the basic ideas and the
actual mechanics of quantum mechanics. Through lectures, discussions, and homework
problems, students will be able to use quantum mechanics to solve a variety of interesting
problems, as well develop some insight into what the solutions really mean.

Contents:
Historical motivation: wave-particle duality, photo-electric effect, instability of atoms,
black body catastrophe.
The wave Function: Schrodinger Equation, The Statistical interpretation, probability,
Normalization, Momentum, The uncertainty principle.
Time-Independent Schrodinger Equation: Stationary States, The infinite square well, The
Harmonic oscillator, the free particle, the Delta-function potential, the finite square well.
Formalism: Hilbert space, Observables, Eigen functions of a Hermitian operator,
generalized statistical interpretation, the uncertainty principle, Dirac notation.
Quantum Mechanics In Three Dimension: Schrodinger equation in spherical coordinates,
the hydrogen atom, angular momentum, Spin.
Identical Particles: Two particle systems, atoms, solids, Quantum statistical mechanics.

28
Text Book: Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (Latest edition) by David J. Griffiths.
Recommended texts:

1. Introductory Quantum Mechanics, by Richard L. Liboff, publisher: Addison Wesley; 4th

Edition, (2002).
2. Quantum Physics, by Stephen Gasiorowicz, publisher: John Wiley, 3rd Edition (2005).
3. Shankar, Ramamurti. Principles of Quantum Mechanics. Springer, 2008.
4. Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, Bernard Diu, Franck Laloë “Quantum Mechanics”, Wiley; 1st
edition (January 8, 1991).

PHYS-366L Lab- VI (Nuclear Physics)

Cr.Hrs: 2
Objectives:
This lab should help students to understand the role of direct observation in physics and to
distinguish between inferences based on theory and the outcomes of experiments. Further
to get familiar with the relationship between electrical, optical and magnetic devices. To
expose the students to advance level experimentation in Nuclear Physics

1. Study of laser parameters. Gain characteristics and spectral response of a

photo-multiplier tube.

2. To study the characteristics of a Geiger-Muller counter and to examine the

attenuations of beta particles in Al-and Pb foils.
3. Measurement of the half-life of a radio nuclide. To study the pulse-height as a
function of the H.H.T. in a scintillation counter.
4. Measurement of the spectrum of gamma rays from a radioisotope. Shielding and
attenuation of gamma rays.
5. To study the characteristics of a solid-state detector and use it to measure the
spectra of alpha and beta particles.
6. Use of a Lithium-drifted Ge-counter for gamma spectroscopy and to compare its
performance with that of a Nal-detector.
7. To study the characteristic curves of a G. M. counter and use it to determine the
absorption co-efficient of β-particle in Aluminum.
8. Determination of range of α particles.
9. Mass absorption coefficient of lead for γ-rays using G.M counter.
10. Measurement of the total neutron cross-section.
11. Determination of the constituents of substance by activation analysis.
12. Measurement of the spectrum of gamma rays from a radioisotope
13. To examine the characteristics of a Solid-State detector and to use it for alpha and beta
Spectroscopy and compare the results with those obtained by a scintillation counter.
14. Nuclear magnetic resonance (N.M.R.) of protons in water.

29
 15. 8. To examine the stopping-power of various substances for thermal neutrons.
16. 2. Understand the behavior of nuclear radiation including beta and gamma radiation.

Recommended Books:
1. H.Mark and H.T. Olsono. Experiments in Modern Physics (McGraw-Hill).
17. A.C. Melissinos. Experiments in Modern Physics (Academic).
rd
18. G. L. Squires, Practical Physics, 3 Edition, Cambridge University Press

4. Nolan and Bigliani, Experiments in Physics, Surjeet Pub Ind.

5. C. K. Bhattacharya, University Practical Physics, CBS Publishing.
Study tour: A study tour may be arranged for students to various Physics research
institutes/centers, such as National center for Physics (NCP), National institute of Lasers and
Optronics (NILOP), Quaid-e-Azam University Islamabad, Punjab University.( Ref. Lab-VI)

PHYS-471 Solid State Physics I Cr.Hrs: 3

Objectives:
Solid State Physics deals with the study of matter and provides theoretical basis to the
Material Science. The course emphasizes on the correlation between crystal structure and
physical properties such as (Mechanical, Electrical and Magnetic) as well as chemical
properties (Bonding, Symmetries, Phase transition). The course is mathematically rich and
experimental techniques employed to verify various phenomena are the essence of this
subject.
Course Outline:
Types of lattices, Symmetries, Closed packed structures, Bragg’s Law, Reciprocal Space,
Brillouin Zones, Structure Factor, Atomic Form Factor, Cohesive energy, Bonding, lattice
constant, Elastic waves, Dispersion relation of a monatomic lattice, Diatomic lattice,
Quantization of elastic waves, Phonons momentum, Inelastic scattering by phonons,
Phonon Heat capacity, Planck distribution, Normal mode enumeration, Einstein theory,
Density of states in one and three dimensions, Debye theory, Anharmonic crystal
interactions, Thermal expansion, Thermal conductivity, Thermal resistivity of Phonons
gas, Umklapp processes, Imperfections.
Recommended Books:
C. Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics (8th Edition), John Wiley & Sons, Inc/2002
Ashcroft & Mermin, Solid State Physics (1st Edition), Harcourt College Publisherl1976

PHYS-472 Atomic and Molecular Physics Cr. Hrs: 3

Course Description:
This course is an introduction to atomic and molecular physics with nonrelativistic
quantum mechanics and elementary mathematical physics as prerequisites. This course of
lectures is designed to serve two main objectives to develop the students skills to solve
real physical problems using quantum mechanical formalism.

30
Course Outlines:
Electron photon and atom: History and structure of atoms The electron, Black body
radiation, Photoelectric effect, Compton effect, Atomic Spectra, Spectrum of H-atom,
Review of Bohr’s theory of H-atom, Stren-Gerlach experiment, Angular momentum and
Spin, De-Broglie’s hypothesis Problems discussion. The elements of quantum Mechanics:
Waves and particles, wave packets, Uncertainty principle, Schrodinger equation,
Expansions, operators and observable, One dimensional example, Angular momentum,
Central forces, Several-particle system, Approximation methods,. One electron atoms:
Schrodinger equation for one electron system, energy level, eigen function of bound states,
Expectation values, Virial theorem Special Hydrogenic systems. Interaction one one
electron systems with electromagnetic radiations: Electromagnetic field and its interaction
with charged particles, Transition rates, Dipole approximation, Einstein Coefficient,
Selection rules and the spectrum of one electron atoms, Line intensities, Excited states, life
time of excited states, Line shapes and widths, One electron atoms fine structure,
Hyperfine structure and interaction with external electric and magnetic fields, Fine
structure, Zeeman effect, Stark effect, Lamb Shift Hyperfine structure.

Recommended Books
1. B.H. Bransden and C.J. Joachain, Physics of Atoms and Molecules, 2nd Edition,
Pearson Education, (2003)
2. Anne P. Thorn, Spectrophysics, 2nd Edition, Chapman and Hall, 1988

PHYS-473 Nuclear Physics Cr.Hrs: 3

Course Objectives:
To acquire an understanding of nuclear structure, basic nuclear properties and to study the
different nuclear models. To study radioactivity and the various types of radioactive
decay. To study nuclear reactions and different types of nuclear reactions
Course Contents:
Basic Concepts of Nuclear Physics: Introduction to Nuclear Physics, Basic Properties of
the Nucleus (such as Mass Number, Nuclear Mass and Nuclear Radius), Isotopes,
Rutherford Scattering and Estimation of Nuclear Size, Experimental Measurement of
Nuclear Radius, Constituents of the Nucleus and their Properties, Nuclear Binding Energy,
The Semi-Empirical Mass Formula, Nuclear Magnetic Moments, Parity of Nuclear Levels,
The Nuclear Force (Basic Idea), Nuclear Models
Radioactivity: Historical Background of Radioactivity, The Radioactive Decay Law, Half-
life and Mean Lifetime, Production and Decay of Radioactivity, Radionuclides with More
Than One Mode of Decay, Chain Disintegrations, Ideal Equilibrium, Secular Equilibrium,
Transient Equilibrium, Alpha Decay, The Alpha Decay Paradox, Theory of Alpha Decay,
Range of Alpha Particles in Matter, Beta Decay, Continuous Energy Spectrum of Beta
Particles, Positive Beta Decay, Negative Beta Decay, Electron Capture, The Neutrino
Hypothesis, Detection of Neutrino, Fermi’s Theory of Beta Decay, Gamma Decay,
Selection Rules for Gamma Emission, Internal Conversion, Internal Pair Production,

31
 Nuclear Isomerism, Parity and Electric and Magnetic Multipoles, Electric and Magnetic
Multipole Radiations
Nuclear Reactions: Basic Nuclear Reactions, Types of Nuclear Reactions, The Balance of
Mass and Energy in Nuclear Reactions, The Q-value Equation, Exothermic and
Endothermic Nuclear Reactions, Threshold Energy, Nuclear Fission, Theory of Nuclear
Fission, Spontaneous Fission, Fission with Liquid Drop Model, Nuclear Fusion,
Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion
Recommended Books:
1. E. Segre, Nuclei and Particles, Benjamin, 1977.
2. S. B. Patel, Nuclear Physics: An Introduction, Wiley Eastern Limited
3. Kaplan, Nuclear Physics, Addison-Wisely, 1980.
4. Kenneth S. Krane, Introductory Nuclear Physics, 1995.
5. B. Povh, K. Rith, C. Scholtz, F. Zetsche, Particles and Nuclei, 1999.

PHYS-474 Introductory Quantum Mechanics II Cr.Hrs: 3

Course Objective: This course aims at the applications of quantum mechanics,

approximation schemes and deeper understanding of some philosophical questions in
quantum mechanics.

Contents:
Time Independent Perturbation Theory: Nondegenerate perturbation theory, degenerate
perturbation theory, the fine structure of Hydrogen, The Zeeman effect, Hyperfine
splitting. The Variational Principle: Theory, the ground state of Helium, The Hydrogen
molecule ion. The WKB Approximation: The Classical region, tunneling, the connection
formulas. Time Dependent Perturbation Theory: Two level systems, emission and
absorption of radiation, spontaneous emission. The Adiabatic Approximation: The
adiabatic theorem, Berry’s Phase. Scattering: Introduction, Partial wave analysis, phase
shifts, The Born approximation. EPR paradox, Bell’s theorem, Schrodinger’s cat, No-
clone theorem, Quantum Zeno paradox.

Text Book: Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (Latest edition) by David J. Griffiths.

Recommended texts:

1. Introductory Quantum Mechanics, by Richard L. Liboff, publisher: Addison Wesley; 4th

Edition, (2002).
2. Quantum Physics, by Stephen Gasiorowicz, publisher: John Wiley, 3rd Edition (2005).
3. Shankar, Ramamurti. Principles of Quantum Mechanics. Springer, 2008.
4. Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, Bernard Diu, Franck Laloë “Quantum Mechanics”, Wiley; 1st
edition (January 8, 1991).

PHYS-475L Lab-VII (Solid State Physics) Cr.Hrs: 3

32
 Objectives: The laboratory should help students master in basic physics concepts. The aim
of this lab is to give students with the practical understanding of detectors, accelerators,
and interferometer and most importantly about the nuclear phenomenon and their uses in
real world.

1. Experiments with microwaves. Study of their optical properties.

2. Electron spins resonance (E.S.R.) by microwave absorption.
3. The study of the Mossbauer effects.
4. The measurement of the Hall effects in germanium and silicon.
5. Measurement of the conductivity of Si and Ge as functions of temperature.
6. To determine the energy gap in silicon and Germanium.
7. Drift mobility. (Shockley-Haynes experiments for Germanium, demonstrating transistor
action).
8. To study the B.H. curve & measure the magnetic parameters.

Books Recommended:
1. H.Mark and N.T. Olson, Experiments in Modern Physics (McGraw-Hill).
2. A.C. Melissionos, Experiments in Modern Physics (Academic).

Study tour: A study tour may be arranged for students to various Physics research
institutes/centers, such as National center for Physics (NCP), National institute of Lasers and
Optronics (NILOP), Quaid-e-Azam University Islamabad, Punjab University.

PHYS-481 Solid State Physics II Cr.Hrs: 3

Objectives:
Solid State Physics is considered a laboratory for Quantum Mechanics. The Quantum
theory is used as a tool to understand, predict and optimize the properties of materials. The
course as it stands could serve as a basic outline for applications of quantum theory to
solids.
Course Outline:
Energy levels in one dimension, Fermi-Dirac distribution, Free electron gas in one and
three dimensions, Fermi surface and density of states, Heat Capacity of Electron gas,
Electrical conductivity and Ohm’s law, Matthiessen’s rule, Umklapp scattering, Hall’s
effect, Wiedemann-Franz law, Nearly free electron model, Origin of bands, Bloch
functions, Kronig-Penny model, crystal momentum of electron, Solution of the central
equation, Empty lattice approximation, Band gap, Holes and effective mass, Effective
masses in semiconductors, Intrinsic and extrinsic carrier concentrations, Thermal
ionization of donors and acceptors, Thermoelectric effects, Semimetals, Superlattices,
Zener tunneling, Langevin diamagnetism equation, Paramagnetism, Crystal field splitting,
Spectroscopic splitting factor, Nuclear demagnetization, Maxwell’s equations,
Macroscopic electric field, Lorentz field, Dielectric constant and polarizability, Structural

33
 phase transition, Ferroelectric crystals, Landau theory, Piezoelectriccity, Crystal defects,
Diffusion, Color centers.
Recommended Books:
1. C. Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics (8th Edition), John Wiley & Sons, Inc/2002
2. Ashcroft & Mermin, Solid State Physics (1st Edition), Harcourt College Publisherl1976

Study tour: A study tour may be arranged for students to various Physics research
institutes/centers, such as National center for Physics (NCP), National institute of Lasers and
Optronics (NILOP), Quaid-IAzam University Islamabad, Punjab University.

********************

DETAILS OF ELECTIVE COURSES FOR BS (4-Year) PROGRAM

These elective courses can be chosen from the list or new elective course may be offered
according to the availability of staff and necessary infrastructure. University may also tailor these
courses according to their facilities.

PHYS-482 Particle Physics Cr.Hrs: 3

Outlines:
Particle Classification: Quantum numbers, leptons, hadrons, baryons, mesons, quarks.
The Fundamental Interactions: The electromagnetic coupling, the strong coupling, the
weak coupling.
Symmetry Transformation and Conservation Laws: Translation in space, rotation in space,
the group SU (2), systems of identical particles, parity, iso-spin charge conjugation, time
reversal, G parity, CPT theorem.
The Electromagnetic Field: Gauge invariance and Maxwell’s equations, polarization ad
photon spin, angular momentum, parity and C parity of photon.
Hadron Spectroscopy: Formation experiment, partial wave formalism and the optical
theorem, the Breit-Wigner resonance formula, baryon resonances, phase space
considerations, production experiments.
The Quark Model: The group SU (3), quarks, hadrons baryons, mesons in quark model,
heave meson spectroscopy, the quarkonium model.
The Standard Model (qualitative treatment only):
Unification of weak and electromagnetic interactions Glashow-Salam-Weinberg Model.

34
Books Recommended:
1. Relatvistic Quantum Mechanics by Bjorken, J. D. and Drell, S.D., McGraw Hill,(1995).
2. Quarks and Leptons by Halzen, F. and Martin, A.D., John-Wiley and Sons. (1984).
3. Quantum Mechanics by Riazuddin and Fayyazuddin, World Scientific, (1990).
4. Introduction to Elementary Particles by Griffiths, D., John-Wiley and Sons, (1987).

PHYS-483 Plasma Physics Cr.Hrs: 3

Introduction, Occurrance of plasma. Concept of temperature. Debye shielding. The plasma
parameter. Criteria for plasma. Applications of plasma physics. Single-particle motion in
electromegnatic field. Uniform and nonuniform E and B fields. Time-variant E and B
fields. Fluid description of plasma. Wave propagation in plasma. Derivation of dispersion
relations for simple electrostatic and electromagnetic modes. Introduction to Controlled
Fusion: Basic nuclear fusion reactions. Reaction rates and power density, radiation losses
from plasma, operational conditions.
Books Recommended:
nd
1. F.F.Chen, Introduction to plasma Physics, 2 ed. (Plenum).
2. N.A.Krall and A.W.Trivelpiece, Principles of Plasma Physics, 1973 (McGraw Hill).
3. S.Glasstone and R.H.Lovberg, Controlled Thermonuclear Reactions, 1960 (D.Van
Nestrand).

PHYS-484 Surface Physics Cr. Hrs: 3

Objectives:
Surface Physics is an emerging science because of the peculiar behavior of constituent
particles on the top outermost layers of solid. The course is intended to acquire skills
needed to deposit layers on the surface of a substrate to achieve optimized properties.
Course Outline:
Definition of surface, Vacuum, Ultra high vacuum, Substrate, Surface diffusion,
Reconstruction of surfaces, Superstructure, Kinetic theory of gases, Adsorbate structure,
Mesh, Spintronics, Surface epitaxy, Electron tunneling, Nanostructures, High energy
electron diffraction, Work function, Thermionic emission, Surface states, Tangential
surface transport, Magneto resistance in a two dimensional channel, Integral quantized
Hall effect, Diodes and p-n junctions, Hetrostructures, Solar cells and photovoltaic
detectors, n-N Hetrojunction, Semiconductor lasers, Light emitting diodes, Surface X-ray
scattering, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,

Recommended Books:
1. Prutton, Martin, Introduction to Surface Physics.(1st Edition) Oxford University
Press,1994.
2. A.J. Venables, Introduction to Surface Physics.(1st Edition) Cambridge University

35
 Press.

PHYS-485 Fluid Dynamics Cr. Hrs: 3

Course Description:
This course provides an introduction to principal concepts and methods of fluid
mechanics. Topics covered in the course for understanding basic laws, principles and
phenomena in the area of fluid mechanics, analyze, and design fluid systems through the
applications.
Course Outlines:
Basic concepts of fluid mechanics: Fundamental terms, Physical values, Fluids and their
properties, Forces inside fluid, Pascal’s law. Euler’s equation of fluid statics, Measurement of
pressure, Relative statics of fluid: constant acceleration, rotation, Forces of hydrostatic pressure,
Buoyancy, Flotation, Stability, Euler and Lagrangian specification of fluid flow, Streamlines,
Pathlines, Stream surface, Stream tube, Mass/volume flow, Control volume, Continuity equation,
Basic laws of fluid dynamics: conservation of mass, linear momentum, and energy, Ideal fluid
flow. Application of Bernoulli’s equation: Real fluid flow, Viscosity, Determination of losses,
Reynolds experiment, Laminar and turbulent flow, Boundary layer, Velocity profile, Losses in
pipes, Frictional losses, Nikuradse experiments, Moody’s diagram, Local losses, Coefficients of
resistance.

Recommended Books
1. Joseph H. Spurk · Nuri Aksel, Fluid Mechanics, 2nd Edition, 1997 Springer-Verlag Berlin
Heidelberg
2. Y. Nakayama and R. F. Boucher, Introduction to Fluid Mechanics 1999, Oxford Auckland
Boston Johannesburg
3. B. N. Hewakandamby A First Course in Fluid Mechanics for Engineers, ISBN: 978-87-
4030069-7.

PHYS-486 Methods of Experimental Physics Cr. Hrs: 3

Course Objectives:
Experimental techniques are used to verify a model or a phenomenon. A phenomenon is
true only when it is consistent with the experiment otherwise it is wrong. This course
intends to develop skills needed for carrying out the experiments and data analysis to
check whether the theory/phenomenon is in agreement or not.
Course Outlines:
Vacuum Techniques: Gas Transport: Throughout, Pumping Speed, Pump down Time
Ultimate pressure. Fore-Vacuum Pumps: Rotary Oil pumps; sorption pumps. Diffusion
pumps, sorption pumps (High Vacuum). Production of ultrahigh vacuum, Fundamental
concepts, guttering pumps, Ion pumps, Cryogenic pumps, Turbo molecular pumps,
Measurement of total pressure in Vacuums Systems: Units pressure ranges; Manometers,
Perini gauges The McLoad gauges, Mass spectrometer for partial measurement of

36
 pressure, Design of high Vacuum system, Surface to Volume ratio, Pump Choice,
pumping system design Vacuum Components, Vacuum valves, vacuum Flanges, Liquid
Nitrogen trap, Mechanical feed throughs & Electrical feed throughs Leak detection: Basic
consideration, leak detection equipment, Special Techniques and problems, Repair
Techniques,
Radiation Detection and Measurement: GM tubes, scintillation detector, channeltron,
photo multipliers, neutron detectors, alpha/beta detectors, x-rays/gamma detectors, cosmic
rays detectors, Spectrographs and Interferometers.

Books Recommended:
1. H.D.Young, Statistical Treatment of Methods of Experimental Physics, Academic
Press, Inc. New York & London Vol.1.
2. J. Yarwood, High Vacuum Techniques, Chapman Hall.
3. P. Bevington, Data Reduction and Error Analysis for Physical Science, McGraw Hill.

PHYS-487 Environmental Physics Cr.Hrs: 3

Environmental Physics serves as an introduction to physics in the context of societal
problems such as energy supply, pollution, climate change and finite resources of fossil
fuels and uranium. The course emphasis the concepts and principles that help in
understanding the ways to produce energy efficiently or to mitigate climate change. It text
explains the physical mechanisms behind climate change and discusses the physics of
renewable energy options.Physics can never be taken in isolation when dealing with
environmental problems. It does however play a pivotal role in exploring, monitoring and
above all understanding the world we live in, and our effects on it, both on local and a
global scale
Course Out line:
Introduction: to the Essentials of Environmental Physics:
The economic system, living in green house, enjoying the sun, Transport of matter,
Energy and momentum, the social and political context, Basic Environmental
Spectroscopy, Black body radiation, The emission spectrum of sun, The transition electric
dipole moment, The Einstein Coefficients, Lambert Beer’s law, The spectroscopy of bi-
molecules, Solar UV and life, The ozone filter. The Global Climate, The energy Balance,
(Zero-dimensional Greenhouse Model), elements of weather and climate, climate
variations and modeling, Transport of Pollutants, Diffusion, flow in reverse, ground water.
Flow equations of fluid Dynamics, Turbulence, Turbulence Diffusion, Gaussian plumes in
air, Turbulent jets and planes. Noise, Basic Acoustics, Human Perceptions and noise
criteria, reducing the transmission of sound, active control of sound, Radiation, General
laws of Radiation, Natural radiation, interaction of electromagnetic radiation and plants,
utilization of photo synthetically active radiation, Atmosphere and Climate, Structure of
the atmosphere, vertical profiles in the lower layers of the atmosphere, Lateral movement

37
 in the atmosphere, Atmospheric Circulation, cloud and Precipitation, The atmospheric
greenhouse effect. Topo Climates and Micro Climates, Effects of surface elements in flat
and widely unduling areas, Dynamic action of seliq. Thermal action of selief, Climatology
and Measurements of Climate Factor, Data collection and organization, statistical analysis
of climatic data, climatic indices, General characteristics of measuring equipments.
Measurement of temperature, air humidity, surface wind velocity, Radiation balance,
precipitation, Atmospheric Pressure, automatic weather stations.

Books Recommended:
nd
1. Egbert Booker and Rienk Van Gron Belle, Environmental Physics, 2 ed. John
Wiley
and sons. 1999.
2. Physics of Environmental and Climate, Guyot Praxis Publication. 1998

PHYS-488 Quantum Information and Quantum Computation Cr.Hrs: 3

Course Objective: The aim of this course is to understand basic concepts and skills that
are essential for quantum information and computation.
Contents:
Computer technology and historical background, Basic principles and postulates of
quantum mechanics, Qubits and Quantum states, Matrices and operators, tensor product,
quantum measurement, superposition, quantization from bits to qubits, operator function,
The density operators, Schrodinger equation, Schmidt decomposition, EPR and Bell’s
inequality, Quantum Computation, Quantum Measurement theory, Quantum entanglement
theory, entanglement teleportation, Quantum gates and Circuits, Controlled operations,
Quantum Cryptography, RSA cryptography, Code breaking on classical and quantum
computers, Uncertainty principle, Polarization and Spin basis, BB84, BB90, and Ekert
protocols, Experimental realization, Quantum Search Algorithm, Quantum Noise and error
correction, Tools of Quantum information theory.

Books Recommended:
1. Quantum Computation and Quantum Information by M. A. Nielson and I. L. Chuang,
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2000.
2. Quantum Computing latest edition by David McMahon.
3. Quantum Computation by P. Bouwmester, A. Ekert, and A. Zeilinger, Springer Verlag,
Berlin, Heidelberg (2000).
4 Mathematics of Quantum Computation by A.K.Brylinsky and G. Chen, Chapman &
Hall/CRC (2002).
5 Principle of Quantum Computation and information latest edition by Giuliano
Benenti, Giulio Casati, Giuliano Strini, Volume-1 and volume-2.

38
PHYS-489 Semiconductor Physics Cr. Hrs: 3

Course Description:
This course is designed to be a deep dive into the fundamentals of the semiconductor devices that
form the backbone of our current integrated circuits technology. Students will gain valuable
experience in semiconductor physics and in semiconductor devices in the modern developments.
Course Outlines
General materials properties, Crystal structure, The unit cell concept, simple 3D, unit cell, Bravais
lattice and Crystal system, Specific Semiconductor Lattice, Miller indices,The Quantum concept,
Basic formalism (General formulation, Time independent formulation), Preliminary
Considerations (Simplifying Assumptions, The Bloch Theorem), Approximate One-Dimensional
Analysis (Kronig-Penney Model), Mathematical, Energy Bands and Brillouin Zones, Particle
Motion and Effective Mass, Carriers and Current, Extrapolation of Concepts to Three Dimensions
(Brillouin Zones), E-k Diagrams, Constant-Energy Surfaces,Effective Mass , General
Considerations, Ge, Si, and GaAs, Measurement, Band Gap Energy,Density of States(General
Derivation), Specific Materials(Conduction Band-GaAs, Si, Ge ),Valence Band-Ge, Si, GaAs,
Fermi Function(Introduction, Derivation Proper, concluding discussion), Supplemental
Information(Equilibrium Distribution of Carriers, The Energy Band Diagram), Donors,
Acceptors, Band Gap Centers Equilibrium Concentration Relationships(Formulas for n and p, ni
and the np Product, Charge Neutrality Relationship, Relationships for ND and NA,), Concentration
and EF, Calculations (General Information, Equilibrium Carrier Concentrations Freeze-
Out/Extrinsic T and Extrinsic/Intrinsic T), Determination of EF Exact Position of Ei, Degenerate
Semiconductor Considerations

Recommended Books:
1. Robert F. Pierret Purdue University, Advanced Semiconductor Fundamentals, volume VI,
2nd Edition, Pearson Education.
2. Ben G. Streetman, Solid State Electronic Devices, 7th Edition, 1972.
3. Donald A. NeamenUniversity of New Mexico, Semiconductor Physics and Devices, 3rd
Edition, McGraw Hill Higher Education (2003)
4. S.O. Kasap, Principles of electronic materials and devices, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill
Higher Education.

PHYS-490 Computer Simulations Cr.Hrs: 3

Objectives: Computer simulation is the reproduction of the behavior of a system using a
computer to simulate the outcomes of a mathematical model associated with the said
system. Computer simulation allow us to check the reliability of chosen mathematical
models. It can be used to explore and gain new insights into new technology and to
estimate the performance. The course provide the basic concepts and skills for graphical
and mathematical manipulation of the data for research students.
Course Out line:

39
 Introduction, Mathematica, Matlab and Minitab’sprogramming mechanisms, Computer
graphics and programming languages, 2D and 3D Plotting and designing, Solving a system
of equations, Numerical Solution of Polynomial Equations, Numerical Solution of
Differential Equations, To find roots of polynomial equations, solving square roots,
Constructing Matrices, Matrix Operations, Advanced Matrix Operations, MatrixPlotting,
Integration, Numerical Sums and Products, Advanced Numerical Integration, Numerical
Calculations, Computer programming, Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations, initial
(boundary) and Eigen value problems, numerical integrations, special functions and
Gaussian, partial differential equations, Mean values and Expectation values, Probability
calculation and plotting and Variance , Tools of CorelDraw, Tools of Latex.

Books Recommended:
1 . The Mathematica, latest edition by Stephen wolfram.
2. The CRC Encyclopedia of Mathematics, Third edition-3Volume set 3rd Edition by Eric
Weistein.
3. Discrete mathematics through the use of Vilcretas package, by Enrique vilchez Q.
4. A practicle application to programming and Problem solving, latest edition, by stormy
Attaway.

PHYS-491 Digital Electronics Cr.Hrs: 3

Objectives: This subject covers the basics of digital logic circuits and design. Through the
basic understanding of Boolean Algebra and Number systems, it introduces the student to
the fundamentals of combination logic design and then to sequential circuits (both
synchronous and asynchronous).Memory systems are also covered.
Course Outline:
Number Systems, operations and codes. Digital Electronic. Signals and Switching devices,
Logic Gates, AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, XNOR. Boolean Algebra and Logic
Simplification, Modular implementation of combinational logic circuits. Karnaugh maps
& truth tables. Different logic families: TTL, Emitter Coupled Logic, NMOS,
Combinational logic circuits: adders, subtractors, comparator, encoder, decoder,
multiplexer, de-multiplexer, A/D and D/A converter. Components of sequential circuits:
Flip flops, their characteristics and transition tables for sequential circuit Number Systems,
operations and codes. Digital Electronic Signals and Switching devices, Logic Gates,
AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, XNOR.
Boolean Algebra and Logic Simplification, Modular implementation of combinational
logic circuits. Karnaugh maps & truth tables.
Different logic families: TTL, Emitter Coupled Logic, NMOS, CMOS.
Combinational logic circuits: adders, subtractors, comparator, encoder, decoder,
multiplexer, de-multiplexer, A/D and D/A converter.
Components of sequential circuits: Flip flops,

40
 their characteristics and transition tables for sequential circuit design, registers, counters,
Multi-vibrators, Memories.
Recommended Books:
1. Thomas L. Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 11th edition, 2015, Pearson.
2. M. Morris Mano, Digital Circuits and Computer Logic, 2nd edition, 2006, Pearson.
3. William Kleitz, Digital Electronics A Practical Approach with VHDL, 9th edition, 2011,
Pearson.
4. Digital Computer Electronics by Albert P. Malvino, Jerald A. Brown, 3rd edition, 1993,
McGraw-Hill.

PHYS-492 Experimental Nuclear Physics Cr.Hrs: 3

Nuclear Radiation Detection and Measurements: Interaction of nuclear radiation with
matter; photographic emulsions; Gas-filled detectors; Scintillation counters and solid-state
detectors; Cloud chambers; Bubble chambers. Charged Particle Accelerators: Linear and
orbital accelerators, Van de Graaff, Cyclotron; Betatron; Synchrocyclotron; Electron-
Synchrotrons; Proton-synchrotron; Alternating-gradient Synchrotron.
Neutron Physics: Neutron Sources, Radioactive sources, Photo neutron sources, Charged
particle sources, Reactor as a neutron source, slow neutron detectors, fast neutron
detectors, Measurement of neutron cross-sections as a function of energy, slowing down
of neutrons, Nuclear fission, Description of fission reaction, Mass distribution of fission
energy. Average number of neutrons released, Theory of fission and spontaneous fission,
Nuclear chain reaction and applications.
Elementary Reactor Physics: Controlled fission reactions, Types of nuclear reactors
(Power and Research), Detailed study of PWR and CANDU type reactors.
Recommended Books:
1. Glenn, F. Knoll, Radiation Detection and Measurement, John Wiley, 1989.
2. William, R. Leo, Techniques for Nuclear and Particle Physics, Springer, 1994.
3. Philips Berington and D. Keith, Data Detection and Error analysis for physical sciences,
2002.
4. E. Segre, Nuclei and Particles, Benjamin, 1977.
5. Kenneth S. Krane, Introductory Nuclear Physics, 1995.

PHYS-493 Laser Physics Cr.Hrs: 3

Course Objective: The main objective of the course is to introduce students to basic
principles, characteristics, and some applications of lasers. This course provides the
foundation for further studies at graduate level in the field of lasers and applied photonics.

Contents:
Introductory Concepts: Spontaneous Emission, Absorption, Stimulated Emission, Unique
Properties of Laser Light, Monochromaticity, Coherence, Directionality, and Brightness

41
 Energy Levels for One-electron and Multi-electron atoms, Radiative and Non-radiative
Transitions, Selection Rules, Line Broadening Mechanisms and Line-widths, Energy
Levels in Molecules, liquids, solids and Semiconductors, Radiation and Thermal
Equilibrium, Boltzman's Distribution; Absorption and Stimulated Emission, Einstein's A
& B Coefficients, Population Inversion as a Necessary Condition, Gain Coefficient and
Stimulated Emission Cross-section, Small Signal Gain, Gain Saturation, Gain Threshold
for Lasers with and without Resonators, Laser Resonators, Matrix Formulation of
Geometrical Optics, Stability Condition, Standing and Traveling Waves in a two Mirror
Resonator, Three- and Four-Level Laser Systems, Optical pumping, Flash lamp and Laser,
Continuous Wave (CW) and Pulsed Lasers, Rate Equations, Q-Switching and Mode-
Locking Methods, Phase Velocity, Group Velocity and Group-Delay Dispersion, Laser
Types and Laser applications.
Recommended Books:
1. W. T. Silfvast, “Laser Fundamentals”, Cambridge University Press, 2nd ed. (2008).
2. O. Svelto, “Principles of Lasers”, Springer, 5th ed. (2009).
3. J. Hecht Understanding lasers: an entry-level guide, New York: IEEE Press (1994).
4. J. T. Verdeyen "Laser electronics" Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey Prentice Hall (1995).
5. K. Thyagarajan, A.K. Ghatak."Lasers, theory and applications" New York Plenum Press
(1981).

PHYS-494 Fundamentals of Optoelectronics Cr.Hrs. 03

Prerequisites: Waves and optics, Modern physics, Quantum Physics
Course Objectives:
To study the application of light, studying the photonic devices including detectors.
Course Contents:
Guided Wave Optics: Planar slab waveguides, Rectangular channel waveguides, Single
and multimode optical fibers, waveguide modes and field distributions, waveguide
dispersion, pulse propagation Gaussian Beam Propagation: ABCD matrices for
transformation of Gaussian beams, applications to simple resonators Electromagnetic
Propagation in Anisotropic Media: Reflection and transmission at anisotropic interfaces,
Jones Calculus, retardation plates, polarizers Electro-optics and Acousto-optics: Linear
electro-optic effect, Longitudinal and transverse modulators, amplitude and phase
modulation, Mach-Zehnder modulators, Coupled mode theory, Optical coupling between
waveguides, Directional couplers, Photoelastic effect, Acousto-optic interaction and Bragg
diffraction, Acousto-optic modulators, deflectors and scanners Optoelectronics: p-n
junctions, semiconductor devices: laser amplifiers, injection lasers, photoconductors,
photodiodes, photo detector noise.
Recommended Books
1. Fundamentals of Photonics by B. E. A. Saleh and M. C. Teich (2nd Edition), John
Wiley (2007).
2. Photonic Devices by J-M. Liu, Cambridge (2009).

42
 3. Photonics: Optical Electronics in Modern Communications by A. Yariv and P. Yeh,
Oxford (2006).
4. Optics by E. Hecht (4thEdition), Addison-Wesley (2001)

PHYS-495 Introduction to Materials Science Cr.Hrs:3

Pre-requisites: Solid State Physics-I
Course Objectives:
This course will explore important aspects of materials incorporating elements of applied
physics and chemistry, relationship between the structure of materials at atomic or
molecular scales and their macroscopic properties, defects and thermodynamics. The
microstructure-mechanical properties relationship will be also addressed.
Course Outlines:
Introduction: Classification of Materials; Metals; Ceramics; Polymers; Composites;
Semiconductors; Biomaterials; Smart and Nano-materials; Properties and Uses of these
Materials. Atomic Structure of Materials: Unit cells structures; Interstitial structures;
Density computation; Indexing lattice directions and lattice planes; Interplanar spacing;
Bragg’s law and the intensities of Bragg reflections. Imperfections in Solids: Vacancies;
Impurities; Dislocations; Interfacial defects; Bulk or volume defects; Atomic vibrations.
Thermodynamics and Phase Diagrams: Microstructure and microscopy; One component
phase diagrams; Pressure vs. temperature; Temperature vs. composition; Equilibrium;
Thermodynamic functions; Gibbs free energy; Development of microstructure; Binary
phase diagrams; Solidification; Diffusion mechanisms; Nucleation and growth of a new
phase; Materials fabrication. Mechanical Behavior of Materials: Normal stress and normal
strain; Shear stress and shear strain; Elastic and plastic deformation; Young’s modulus;
Shear modulus; Poisson’s ratio; Elastic strain energy; Yield stress, Dislocations and plastic
deformation; Slip systems; Dislocations and strengthening mechanisms; Fracture
mechanics; Ductile and brittle fractures.
Recommended Books:
1. W. D. Callister, “Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction”, Wiley, 7th ed.
(2006).
2. W. D. Callister and D. G. Rethwisch “Fundamentals of Materials Science and
Engineering: An Integrated Approach”, Wiley, 4th ed. (2012).
3. J. F. Shackelford, “Introduction to Materials Science for Engineers”, Prentice Hall, 7th
ed. (2008).
PHYS-496 Introduction to Nano Science Cr.Hrs:3
Pre-requisite: Solid State Physics, Quantum Mechanics
Course Objectives:
In this course, one will learn the importance of this interdisciplinary field, how such
materials are developed atom by atom by incorporating the concepts and applications of
nano-materials into nanotechnologies and how nanotechnology would be helpful to
change our society in future.
Course Outlines

43
 Introduction: Feynman talks on small structures; Nano-scale; Nanotechnology in nature.
Nano Materials: Nanoparticles; Quantum dots; Nano-wires; Nano-tubes; Magnetic nano-
structures; Nano thermal devices; Nano fluidic devices; Biomimetic materials;
Fabricating Nano-structures: Solid state Reaction technique; Vapor deposition Method;
Sol gel; Lithography (photo and electron beam); MBE; Self-assembly; Nano junctions;
Thin Films; Sputtering; Self-assembled films
Molecular Electronics: Lewis structures; Approach to calculate; Molecular orbitals; Donor
Acceptor properties; Electron transfer between molecules; Charge transport in weakly
interacting molecular solids; Single molecule electronics; Single electron transistor;
Resonant tunneling;
Characterization Techniques: XRD; Electron Microscopy (STM, AFM, SEM and TEM);
Fluorescence methods; Synchrotron Radiation;
Nanotechnology the Road Ahead: Nanostructure innovation, Quantum Informatics,
Energy solutions

Recommended Books:
1. B. Bhushan, “Springer Hand Book of Nanotechnology”, 3rd Edition, Springer Berlin
Heidelberg, (2010).
2. C. Binns, “Introduction to Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (Wiley Survival Guides in
Engineering and Science)”, Wiley, (2010).
3. S. Lindsay, “Introduction to Nanoscience”, Oxford University Press, (2009).
4. S.C. Tjong, Nano-crystalline Materials: Their synthesis-Structure-property Relationship
and Applications, Elsevier, 2006.
5. Y.Gogotsi (Editor), Nano-Materials Hand Book, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group,
(2006).

PHYS-497 Quantum Optics Cr. Hrs: 3

Pre-requisites: Electromagnetic Theory-I , Quantum Mechanics

Objectives: The main objective of this course is to understand the quantization of
electromagnetic radiations and its interaction with matter. Establishment of the quantum
theory of electromagnetic radiation that includes the number state and coherent state
representations, which is used to analyze the light-matter interactions. The light-matter
interaction is essential to study ultra-cold matter, quantum sensing and quantum control.
Contents:
Introduction to electromagnetic (e.m.) radiation, energy contained by e.m. field, historical
development of ideas of optics and photons, Quantization of Electromagnetic field,
Quantization of single mode, multimode and thermal fields number states, field
fluctuations, vacuum fluctuations and zero point energy, coherent states, minimum
uncertainty states, Atom-Field Interaction, Absorption and emission of radiation by atoms,
semi-classical and quantum mechanical treatment of atom-field interaction, beam splitters
and interferometers, Non-classical Properties of light, Non classical light with quadrature

44
 squeezing; amplitude squeezing, Photon anti-bunching, Schrodinger cat state, optical test
of quantum mechanics, quantum erasers, laser cooling and trapping of atoms.
Recommended Books:
1. . Gerry and P. Knight, “Introductory Quantum Optics”, Cambridge University Press
(2005).
2. M. Fox, “Quantum Optics: an Introduction”, Oxford University Press, (2005)

PHYS-499 Internship Cr.Hrs. 3

PHYS-500 Undergraduate Project Cr.Hrs. 3

45
 GENERAL EDUCATION (GEN-ED) CLUSTER AS PER UG-POLICY 2023 ONWARDS
Introduction:

The provision of general education ensures that every student is acquainted with the broad variety of fields of inquiry
and approaches to knowledge and skills. It offers students an intellectual foundation for their academic, professional,
and personal attributes while focusing on critical thinking and writing, speaking or quantitative skills. The Minimum
Requirement For The General Education Component Is 30 Credits In All The Undergraduate/Equivalent
Degree Programs Including Associate Degrees. University of Malakand has however added some courses as per
the requirement provided by HEC and the minimum credits and course categories as prescribed in the UG-Policy-
2023 is maintained. Details of the general education requirements (i.e., courses) are given in the table along with
course codes, details and credit hours requirements. Further, it is to be mentioned that no course other than the
provided courses in table will be acceptable for the purpose of teaching, examination or other requirements of the
degree. HODs of the teaching Departments/campus/and affiliated colleges must consult this document for the course
details. However, University may add more courses with the passage of time:
Instruction:
1. The general education courses (given below) will be provided in separate document and individual
department shall include only Major and Interdisciplinary courses in the detailed Associate/BS programs and
not the general education courses.
2. The Minimum requirement for General Education is 30 CH and shall be completed in the first four
semesters.
3. Course(s) from all the categoriesin general education shall be included in the first four semesters as specified
in the UG-Policy 2023.
4. The nomenclature for the Pakistan Studies has been changed to “Ideology and Constitution of Pakistan”
however the contents are the same as included in Pakistan studies.

Course GeneralEducationCluster Cou Cre Course title and Codes to be included in

rses ditH the schemes
ours
Gen-Ed-1 ArtsandHumanities* 1 02
UR112Urdu (Gen) 1.
Note: The course code ISL 113 shall be adjusted from the ISL 113 ‫سیرت رسول ﷺ اور اس کی‬
2.
list being compulsory and approved course as per the ‫عصری معنویت‬
decision of the syndicate for all undergraduate education Seerah and its Contemporary Application
at UOM and affiliated colleges. 3. PSC 121 Islamic History
4. PSH 101 ‫پښتو پوهنه‬
Pashto Studies
ARTSANDHUMANITIES (Course details with necessary requirements)

‫ (یہ ایک عمومی تعارفی کورس ہے جو کہ اردو کے عالوہ دیگر ڈیپارٹمنٹ کے طلبہ کھلیے‬2:‫( کریڈٹ آورز‬UR112):‫اردو عمومی‬ :‫پہال سمسٹر‬
)‫ہے۔‬
‫پل یہ کورس پہلے دوسرے یا تیسرے سیمسٹر میں پڑهایا جائے گا۔‬g)plsdfa
‫حاصالت ِ تعلم‬
:‫مذکورہ کورس پڑهنے کے بعد طلبہ اس قابل ہوں کہ‬
‫بطور قومی زبان جان سکے۔‬
ِ ‫اردو کی ضرورت و اہمیت کو‬ ‫۔‬1
‫روزمرہ زندگی میں اردو زبان کی عملی استعمال کی طرف راغب ہوں۔‬ ‫۔‬2
‫اردو ادب کے چیدہ چیدہ اصناف اور اصطالحات سمجھ سکے۔‬ ‫۔‬3
‫آٹھ گھنٹے‬:‫درکار وقت‬ ‫ تعارف و بنیادی مباحث‬:‫حصہ اول‬
‫۔ادبی‬۴ ‫بطور قومی زبان‬
ِ ‫۔اردو زبان کی ضرورت و اہمیت‬3 ‫۔اردو کے مختلف نام اور ان کی وجہ تسمیہ‬۲ ‫۔اردو زبان کی مختصر تاریخ‬۱
‫مختصرتعارف‬:‫صطالحات‬
)‫فلسفہ‬،‫ کالسیک‬،‫مصرع‬،‫شعر‬،‫ردیف‬،‫قافیہ‬،‫بالغت‬،‫فصاحت‬،‫رومانیت‬،‫تضمین‬،‫تلمیح‬،‫ترفع‬،‫تصنیف‬،‫تالیف‬،‫دبستان‬،‫خارجیت‬،‫داخلیت‬،‫ایہام‬،‫ادب‬،‫آورد‬،‫آمد‬،‫(آفاقیت‬
‫ بارہ گھنٹے‬:‫درکار وقت‬ : )‫شعری اصناف (تعارف و تفہیم‬ :‫حصہ دوم‬

46
 ‫بطور ہیت‪ :‬مختصر تعارف (مثلث‪،‬مربع‪،‬مخمس‪،‬مسدس‪،‬ترکیب بند ‪،‬ترجیع بند)‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫نظم کی اقسام‬
‫بطورموضوع‪ :‬مختصر تعارف‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫نظم کی اقسام‬
‫(دل جس سے زندہ ہے وہ تمنا تمہی‬ ‫ظفر علی خان‬ ‫نعت‪:‬‬ ‫(خالق بھی کارساز بھی پروردگار بھی)‬ ‫ماہر القادری‬ ‫حمد‪:‬‬
‫تو ہو)‬
‫مختصر جائزہ (قصیدہ باب الجنت درمنقبت حضرت علی ؓ)‬ ‫قصیدہ ‪ :‬مرزا رفیع سودا ؔ‬ ‫مثنوی‪ :‬میر حسن مختصر جائزہ (سحرالبیان )‬
‫غزل ‪:‬تعارف وتفہیم اور درج ذیل شعراکی سوانح و حیات‬
‫۔غالب (ہر ایک بات پہ کہتے ہو تم کہ تو کیا ہے)‬ ‫ؔ‬ ‫(پیری میں کیا جوانی کے موسم کو روئیے) ‪۲‬‬ ‫۔میر‬
‫‪ؔ ۱‬‬
‫فراز (اس نے سکوت شب میں بھی اپنا پیام رکھ دیا )‬ ‫‪۴‬۔ ؔ‬ ‫۔ناصر (دل دهرکنے کا سبب یاد آیا)‬
‫ؔ‬ ‫‪۳‬‬
‫درکار وقت ‪:‬بارہ گھنٹے‬ ‫حصہ سوم‪ :‬نثر ی اصناف ‪:‬تعارف وتفہیم‬
‫توبتہ النصوح (تنقیدی جائزہ)‬ ‫ڈپٹی نذیر احمد‪:‬‬ ‫ناول اور اس کی اقسام‪:‬‬
‫‪۲‬۔سعادت حسن منٹو ‪ :‬نیا قانون (فنی و فکری‬ ‫افسانہ زیور کا ڈبہ اور سوا سیر گیہوں (فنی و فکری جائزہ)‬ ‫‪۱‬۔پریم چند‪:‬‬ ‫افسانہ اور اس کی اقسام‪:‬‬
‫جائزہ)‬
‫‪۲‬۔ مشتاق احمد یوسفی (اور آنا گھر میں مرغیوں کا)‬ ‫‪۱‬۔ پطرس بخاری (ہاسٹل میں پڑهنا)‬ ‫طنزومزاح (تعارف و تفہیم)‬
‫ڈراما تعار و تفہیم‪ :‬خواجہ معین الدین‪ :‬تعلیم بالغاں (تنقیدی جائزہ)‬
‫مجوزہ کتب‪:‬‬
‫خلیل صدیقی‪،‬زبان کیا ہے؟ملتان بیکن بکس‪۲۰۰۱،‬ء‬
‫ڈاکٹر ایوب صابر‪،‬اردو کی ابتدا کےبارے میں محققین کے نظریات‪،‬سرحد اردو اکیڈمی ‪،‬ایبٹ آباد‬
‫ڈاکٹرسید عبدہللا ‪ ،‬ولی سے اقبال تک ‪ ،‬سنگ میل پبلی کیشنز ‪،‬الہور‪۱۹۹۵،‬ء‬
‫اقبال جاوید ‪ ،‬اردو کے دس عظیم شاعر‪،‬علمی کتب خانہ ‪،‬الہور‬
‫منور رؤف ‪،‬ڈاکٹر صابر کلوروی(مرتبین) خیابان( اصناف سخن نمبر)شعبہ اُردو جامعہ پشاور‪۲۰۰۱،‬ء‬
‫انیس ناگی ‪ ،‬ڈپٹی نذیر احمد کی ناول نگاری‪،‬فیروز سنز ‪،‬الہور‪۱۹۸۸،‬ء‬
‫وارث علوی ‪ ،‬منٹو ایک مطالعہ‪،‬وجے پبلشر‪،‬نئی دہلی‬ ‫رفیع الدین ہاشمی ‪ ،‬اصناف ادب‪ ،‬سنگ میل پبلی کیشنز‪،‬الہور‪۱۹۸۳،‬ء‬

‫سیرت رسول ﷺ اور اس کی عصری معنویت‬

‫‪Seerah and its Contemporary Application‬‬

‫‪`Title‬‬ ‫‪Description‬‬
‫‪Semester‬‬ ‫‪1st‬‬
‫‪Nature of Course‬‬ ‫)‪Gen-Ed-1 (2‬‬
‫‪C.Hrs.‬‬ ‫‪02 C.H.‬‬
‫‪Total Teaching weeks‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫‪Code‬‬ ‫‪ISL 113‬‬
‫‪Objectives of the Course‬‬ ‫‪1‬۔طلبہ کو سیرۃ النبیﷺ کے تعارف ‪،‬مآخذ و اہمیت سے متعارف کرانا‬
‫ت طیبہ کے مکی اور مدنی دور کی مستند وجامع احوال سے روشناس کرانا‬‫‪2‬۔ طلبہ کو حیا ِ‬
‫اغراض و مقاصد‬ ‫‪3‬۔ طلبہ کو آپﷺ کی سماجی‪ ،‬معاشی‪ ،‬تعلیمی اورعلمی زندگی سے آگاہ کرنا‬
‫‪ 4‬۔ طلبہ میں عصر حاضر کے مسائل کو سیرۃ النبیﷺ کی روشنی میں حل کرنے کا رجحان پیدا کرنا‬

‫تفصیالت‬ ‫عنوانات (ہفتہ وار)‬ ‫نمبر‬

‫شمار‬
‫سیرت کا لغوی اور اصطالحی مفہوم‪ ،‬سیرت کی ضرورت واہمیت‬ ‫سیرۃ النبیﷺ کا تعارف‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫سیرت کا آغاز وارتقاء‬
‫‪1‬۔ قرآن وحدیث‪2‬۔ کتب ِِسیرت کا تعارف‬ ‫سیرت النبی ﷺ کے مأخذ‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫‪1‬۔ قبل از بعثت کے واقعات‬ ‫ت طیبہ‬
‫نبی کریمﷺ کی حیا ِ‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫‪2‬۔ ابتدائے بعثت تا ہجرت مدینہ کے واقعات‬ ‫(مکی زندگی )‬
‫‪1‬۔ ہجرت نبویﷺ تا غزوہ احزاب کے واقعات‬ ‫ت طیبہ‬‫نبی کریمﷺ کی حیا ِ‬ ‫‪.4‬‬
‫‪2‬۔ صلح حدیبیہ تا وصال نبیﷺ کے واقعات‬ ‫(مدنی زندگی)‬
‫‪1‬۔ نبی کریمﷺ کے حقوق‬ ‫نبی کریمﷺ کے حقوق وخصائص‬ ‫‪.5‬‬
‫‪2‬۔ نبی کریمﷺ کے خصائص (کاملیت‪ ،‬تاریخیت‪ ،‬جامعیت‪ ،‬عملیت)‬

‫‪47‬‬
 ‫‪1‬۔ رسول ہللاﷺ بحیثیت شہری‪ ،‬والد‪ ،‬شوہر‪ ،‬معلّم اور آپﷺ کے طریقہ ہائے تدریس‬ ‫انسان کامل‬
‫ِ‬ ‫رسول ہللاﷺ بحیثیت‬ ‫‪.6‬‬
‫‪2‬۔ رسول ہللاﷺ بحیثیت تاجر‪ ،‬منصف اور سپہ ساالر وفاتح‬
‫ق حسنہ کے انفرادی اثرات‬ ‫‪1‬۔نبی کریمﷺ کے اخال ِ‬ ‫ق حسنہ اور ان‬ ‫نبی کریمﷺ کے اخال ِ‬ ‫‪.7‬‬
‫ق حسنہ کے اجتماعی اثرات‬ ‫‪2‬۔ نبی کریمﷺ کے اخال ِ‬ ‫کے اثرات‬
‫‪1‬۔ سیرۃ النبیﷺ اور انفرادی دعوت‪2‬۔سیرۃ النبیﷺ اور اجتماعی دعوت‬ ‫ت اسالم‬ ‫سیرۃ النبیﷺ اوردعو ِ‬ ‫‪.8‬‬
‫ت نبوی ﷺ کی‬‫‪1‬۔ خواتین کے حقوق‪2‬۔ خواتین کا سماجی وثقافتی مقام ومرتبہ سیر ِ‬ ‫سیرۃ النبیﷺ اور خواتین‬ ‫‪.9‬‬
‫روشنی میں‬
‫‪1‬۔غیر مسلموں کے ساتھ رواداری‬ ‫سیرۃ النبیﷺ اوررواداری‬ ‫‪.10‬‬
‫‪2‬۔ مسلمانوں کے ساتھ رواداری‬
‫‪1‬۔مختلف نظام ہائے معیشت کا تعارف‬ ‫سیرۃ النبیﷺ اورمعیشت‬ ‫‪.11‬‬
‫‪2‬۔ اسالمی معیشت‬
‫‪1‬۔ رفا ِہ عامہ سے متعلق تعلیمات سیرت‬ ‫سیرۃ النبیﷺ اوررفا ِہ عامہ‬ ‫‪.12‬‬
‫‪2‬۔ رفا ِہ عامہ کی عملی صورتیں‬
‫‪1‬۔اوالد کی تعلیم وتربیت‬ ‫سیرۃ النبیﷺ اورتعلیم وتربیت‬ ‫‪.13‬‬
‫‪2‬۔ دیگر متعلقین کی تعلیم وتربیت‬
‫‪1‬۔اسالمی ریاست کا تعارف وتنظیمی ڈهانچہ‬ ‫سیرۃ النبیﷺ اوراسالمی ریاست‬ ‫‪.14‬‬
‫‪2‬۔حکمران اور رعایا کے حقوق وفرائض‬
‫‪1‬۔ نبی کریمﷺ کی داخلہ پالیسی‬ ‫نبی کریمﷺ کی داخلہ اور خارجہ‬ ‫‪.15‬‬
‫‪2‬۔ نبی کریمﷺ کی خارجہ پالیسی‬ ‫پالیسی‬
‫‪1‬۔ختم نبوت کا تعارف‪ ،‬ضرورت واہمیت‬ ‫رسول ہللاﷺ بحیثیت خاتم النبیین‬ ‫‪.16‬‬
‫‪2‬۔عقیدہ ختم نبوت‪ :‬قرآن‪ ،‬حدیث اور اجماع کی روشنی میں‬
‫نصابی کتب‬
‫نام کتاب‬ ‫نام مصنف‬ ‫نمبر‬
‫خطبات مدراس‬ ‫سید سلیمان ندوی‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫ت عالم‬
‫رحم ِ‬ ‫سید سلیمان ندوی‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫اسوہ کامل‬ ‫ڈاکٹر عبدالروؤف ظفر‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫حوا لہ جات کتب‬
‫نام کتاب‬ ‫نام مصنف‬ ‫نمبر‬
‫سیرت ابن ہشام‬ ‫ابن ہشام‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫سیرۃ النبیﷺ‬ ‫عالمہ شبلی نعمانی‪ /‬سید سلیمان ندوی‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫اصح السیر‬ ‫موالناحکیم عبدالرؤوف داناپوری‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫سیرت المصطفی‬ ‫موالنا محمد ادریس کاندهلوی‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫ضیاء النبیﷺ‬ ‫پیر کرم شاہ االزہری‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫سرور عالم‬
‫ِ‬ ‫سیرت‬ ‫موالنا مودودی‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫سیرت النبی ﷺ‬ ‫ڈاکٹر محمد حمید ہللا‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫الرحیق المختوم‬ ‫صفی الرحمن مبارک پوری‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫‪Course Title:‬‬ ‫‪ISLAMIC HISTORY Credit Hours: 02‬‬

‫‪Code: PSC 121‬‬ ‫‪Total Marks: 50‬‬

‫‪Course Description‬‬
‫‪This course provides the outlook of Islamic history. It deals with Islamic concept of State and Governance.‬‬
‫‪Learning Objectives‬‬
‫‪The students in this course will learn about the times and history of mostly acclaimed State of Madina. They will also get an insight into‬‬
‫‪the administration of Rightly Guided Khalifs and later on ages.‬‬
‫‪Course Contents‬‬
‫‪Unit 1: Pre-Islamic Arabia‬‬
‫‪Geographical, Political, Socio-Cultural, Economic and Religious conditions of Pre-Islamic Arabia, especially the City State of Makkah‬‬
‫)‪Unit 2: The Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) (571-632 AD‬‬

‫‪48‬‬
Early Life of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), Prophet-hood and Preaching of Islam,Migration to Madinah, The Charter of
Madinah; its religious and political significance, Wars with Quraysh, (Battles of Badr, Uhud and Ahzab), Peace Accord of Hudaibiya,
Conquest of Makkah, Prophet's last pilgrimage and the Significance of the last Sermon, The Life, teachings and achievements of the Holy
Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
Unit 3: Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (R.A) (632-634 AD)
Early life and sacrifices for the cause of Islam, Election and services as Caliph, Early problems, the Apostasy Movement; rise of false
prophets, the refusal of Zakat payment, Consolidation of Centre, Conquests, Compilation of Holy Quran, character and achievements.
Unit 4: Hazrat Umar Farooq (R.A) (634-644)
Early life and services for the cause of Islam, election and services as caliph, conquests, reforms and administration, character, and
achievements.
Unit 5: Hazrat Usman Ghani (R.A) (644-656 AD)
Early life and services for the cause of Islam, election and services as Caliph, Conquests, the Sabite Movement, Unpopularity and
allegation against Hazrat Usman (R.A). Martyrdom and its consequences. Character and achievements.
Unit 6: Hazrat Ali Karam Allah Wajhu (656-661 AD)
Early life and services for the cause of Islam, election and services as Caliph, Battle of the Camel, Battle of Siffin, emergence of the
Kharijites, Battle of Nahrawan, Hazrat Ali's martyrdom, character and achievements. Nomination of Hazrat Imam Hasan as Caliph and
his abdication.
Unit 7: Administration, Society& Culture under the Pious Caliphs
Administration, Military system, Financial system, Judicial System, Society, Culture and Religious conditions

Suggested Readings
English Readings
1. Mazhar-ul-Haq.A Short History of Islam.Lahore:1977
2. Syed Ameer Ali, History of Saracens.Lahore:1985
Urdu Readings
1. Ibn-e-Hisham, Seerat-un-Nabi Kamil, tr. Maulana Abdul Jaleel Siddiqi, Lahore, 1979.
2. Shah Moeen-ud-Din Ahmad Nadvi, Tareekh-i-Islam. Islamabad, 1975
3. Shibli Naumani and Syed Suleman Nadvi, Seerat-un-Nabi. Lahore, 1975
4. Dr.Hameed-ud-din,Tareekh-i-Islam.Feroz Sons Lahore,1987.

COURSE TITLE:‫پښتو پوهنه‬

PASHTO STUDIES
Title Description
Course Code PSH 101
Nature of Course Gen-Ed-1 Arts & Humanities
No. of Credit Hours 02 C.H
Total Teaching Weeks 18
Objectives of the Course ‫) طالب علمانو ته د پښتو امال او رسم الخط ذدہ کول‬۱
‫) طالب علمان د پښتو ژبې نۀ خبرول‬۲
‫) طالب علمان د پښتنو د اصل نسل نه خبرول‬۳
‫) طالب علمان د پښتني کلتور نه خبرول ـ‬۴
‫)طالب علمان د پښتو ادب نه خبرول ـ‬۵

Course Contents:
S.No Title Description
01 )‫د پښتو امال او رسم الخط (لیک دود‬ ‫) امالء او رسم الخط څۀ ته وائي‬1
. ‫ حروف‬/‫) د پښتوغږ توري‬2

02 )‫د پښتو امالء او رسم الخط (لیکدود‬ .‫) د پښتو مخصوص توري‬1
‫) په پښتو کښې د یاګانو استعمال‬2
03 ‫د پښتو ژبې تاریخ‬ ‫) د پښتو ژبې تاریخ او ارتقاء‬1

49
 ‫پښتو ژبه د ژبو په عالمي تقسیم کښې‬ ‫‪)2‬‬
‫‪04‬‬ ‫پښتانۀ څوک دي؟‬ ‫د پښتنو د اصل نسل په حواله مختلفې نظرئې‬ ‫‪)1‬‬
‫‪05‬‬ ‫پښتانۀ څوک دي؟‬ ‫د پښتنو د اصل نسل په حواله مختلفې نظرئې‬ ‫‪)1‬‬
‫‪06‬‬ ‫پښتني کلتور‬ ‫پښتني خویونه‬ ‫‪)1‬‬
‫پښتني دودونه‬ ‫‪)2‬‬
‫‪07‬‬ ‫پښتني کلتور‬ ‫پښتنې الرې چارې‬ ‫‪)1‬‬
‫‪08‬‬ ‫‪Midterm Examination‬‬
‫‪09‬‬ ‫د پښتو اولسي ادب‬ ‫‪ )1‬د اولسي ادب مختلف اصناف‪ ،‬ټپه‪،‬چاربیته‪،‬بدله‪،‬نیمکۍ‪،‬متل‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫د پښتو زړہ شاعري‬ ‫‪ )1‬امیر کروړ‬
‫‪ )2‬مرزا خان انصاري‬
‫‪11‬‬ ‫د پښتو کالسیکي شاعري‬ ‫‪ )1‬خوشحال خان خټک‬
‫‪ )2‬رحمان بابا‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫د پښتو زوړ نثر‬ ‫‪ )1‬د پیر روښان نثر‬
‫‪ )2‬د خوشحال خان خټک نثر‬
‫‪13‬‬ ‫د پښتو جدید نثر‬ ‫‪ )1‬مولوي احمد‬
‫‪ )2‬منشي احمد جان‬
‫‪14‬‬ ‫د پښتو جدیدہ شاعري‬ ‫‪ )1‬حمزہ بابا‬
‫‪ )2‬غني خان‬
‫‪15‬‬ ‫د پښتو قیصه ایز ادب‬ ‫‪ )1‬د پښتو ډرامه‬
‫‪ )2‬د پښتو افسانه‬
‫‪ )3‬د پښتو ناول‬
‫‪16‬‬ ‫د پښتو جدید نثر (غېر قیصه ایز ادب)‬ ‫‪ )1‬د پښتوتکل‬
‫‪ )2‬د پښتوخاکه‬
‫‪17‬‬ ‫اسائیمنټ‪/‬ټسټ‪/‬پرزنټېشن‬
‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪Final Term Examination‬‬
‫مجوزہ کتابونه‪Recommended Books :‬‬
‫‪ .1‬پښتو امالء‪ ،‬پروفېسر ډاکټر راج ولي شاہ خټک‬
‫‪ .2‬درنه پښتو‪،‬پروفېسر پرېشان خټک‬
‫‪ .3‬پښتانۀ د تاریخ په رڼا کښې از بھادر شاہ ظفرکا کا خېل‬
‫‪ .4‬پشتو زبان و ادب کی تاریخ ‪،‬ڈاکٹر عبدہللا جان عابد‬
‫‪ .5‬د پښتو ادبیاتو تاریخ‪ ،‬عبدالحئ حبیبي‬
‫‪ .6‬ادب څه دے؟ سحر یوسفزے‬
‫‪ .7‬دردانې‪ ،‬پروفیسر اقبال نسیم خټک‬
‫‪ .8‬پښتو ټپه‪ ،‬پروفېسر داور خان داؤد‬
‫)‪NATURAL SCIENCE CLUSTER (COURSE DETAILS WITH NECESSARY REQUIREMENTS‬‬
‫‪Gen-Ed-2‬‬ ‫*‪NaturalSciences‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪3(2‬‬ ‫‪1. PHYS111 Basic Physics‬‬
‫)‪+1‬‬ ‫‪2. GEOL101Introduction to Geology‬‬
‫‪GS117 General Science‬‬ ‫‪3. CHEM 110 Chemistry in Everyday‬‬
‫‪(Teacher from sciences departmentsi.e.,Physics,‬‬ ‫‪Life‬‬
‫‪Botany, Chemistry, Zoology etc or any faculty in the‬‬ ‫‪4.‬‬ ‫‪ZOOL 101 Introductory Zoology‬‬
‫‪department having command may teach this‬‬ ‫‪5.‬‬ ‫‪GS117 General Science‬‬
‫)‪subject‬‬ ‫‪6.‬‬ ‫‪BOT112Plant Sciences‬‬
‫‪7. GS 117 General Science‬‬
‫‪FOLLOWING ARE THE COURSES IN THE NATURAL SCIENCES CATEGORY‬‬

‫‪PHYS111‬‬ ‫‪Basic Physics‬‬ ‫‪Cr. Hrs.03‬‬

‫‪Objectives of the Course:‬‬
‫‪This fundamental course emphasizes the conceptual understanding of the principles of physics and the development of the calculation‬‬
‫‪skills needed to apply these principles to the physical universe.‬‬
‫‪Course Outlines:‬‬

‫‪50‬‬
The Importance of Measurement, Kepler’s Laws, The Measurement of Time, Measurement, Calculations and Uncertainties, Units and
Standards, Unit Conversion, Estimates and Order of Magnitude, Speed, Average Velocity, A Graphical Interpretation of Velocity,
Instantaneous Velocity, Acceleration, Motion with Constant Acceleration, Galileo and Free Fall, Galileo and Experimental Science,
Addition of Vectors, Resolution of Vectors, Relative Velocity, Kinematics in Two Dimensions, Projectile Motion, Range of a Projectile,
The Principia, What is a Force, Newton’s First law-Inertia, Newton’s Second Law, Weight, Force of Gravity, Newton’s Third Law, Some
Applications of Newton’s Laws, Friction, The Friction of Automobile Tires, Static Equilibrium, The Laws of Motions as a Whole,
Uniform Circular Motion, Force Needed for Circular Motion, The Law of Universal Gravitation, The Universal Gravitational Constant
G, Gravitational Field Strength, Work, Work done by a varying Force, Energy, Kinetic Energy, Gravitational Potential Energy near the
Earth, General Form of Gravitational Potential Energy, Conservation of Mechanical Energy, Energy Conservation with Nonconservative
force, Power, Linear Momentum, Impulse, Newton’s Laws and The Conservation of Momentum, Conservation of Momentum in One
Dimensional Collisions, Conservation of Momentum in Two and Three Dimensional Collisions, Changing Mass, Temperature And
States of Matter, Thermometry, Thermal Expansion, The mechanical Equivalent of Heat, Calorimetry, Change of Phase, Heat Transfer,
The Pressure of air, Boyls Law, The Law of Charles and Gay’Lussac, Ideal Gas Law, Kinetic Theory of Gases, The Barometric Formula
and Distribution of Molecular Speed, Thermal Equilibrium, The First Law of Thermodynamics, The Carnot Cycle and Efficiency of
Engines, Refrigerator and Heat Pumps, the Second Law of Thermodynamics, Entropy and Second law, Energy and Thermal Pollution,
Electric Charge, Coulombs Law, Superposition of Electric Forces, The Electric Field, Superposition of Electric Fields, Electric Flux and
Gauss’s Law, A Quantitative Approach to Gauss’s Law, The Electric Dipole, Microwave Ovens,
Text Book
1. E. R. Jones, R. L. Childers Contemporary College Physics 2nd Edition, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company Inc. USA 1993.
Recommended Books
2. H. D. Young, R. A. Freedman, S. Barbara University Physics 13 th Edition, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley,
San Francisco 2008.
3. Conceptual Physics, Paul Hewitt (New York: Addison-Wesley Publishers, 2002
GEOL. 101 INTRODUCTION TO GEOLOGY (2+1=3 CREDIT HOURS)
OBJECTIVES
This course is designed to acquire knowledge about the basic concepts of Geology. This will help the students to get knowledge about
various types of constructive and destructive geological activities involved in the modification of Earth System. Students will become
capable for identification of different rocks, minerals and their formation.
COURSE CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION TO GEOLOGY
A. SCOPE OF GEOLOGY
B. ORIGIN OF THE EARTH
C. AGE OF THE EARTH
(i) Methods of age determination
(ii) Geological time scale
D. INTERIOR OF THE EARTH
(i) Internal structure of the earth and its components i.e., Crust, Mantle & Core
(ii) Physical properties of earth interior
(iii) Isostacy
2. INTRODUCTION TO MINERALS
A. Definition
B. Physical properties
C. Common rock forming and precious minerals.
3. INTRODUCTION TO ROCKS
A. IGNEOUS ROCKS
(i) Crystallization of Magma and its types
(ii) Classification of igneous rocks
(iii) Volcanic activities
B. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
(i) Changing sediments into sedimentary rocks
(ii) Classification of sedimentary rocks
(iii) Sedimentary environments

51
 C. METAMORPHIC ROCKS
(i) Metamorphism
(ii) Agents of metamorphism
(iii) Types of metamorphism
(iv) Classification of metamorphic rocks
4. WEATHERING, EROSION AND MASS WASTING
A. Weathering & Erosion
B. Mass wasting & its types
C. Soil, types & horizons of soil
5. EARTHQUAKE
A. Origin and causes
B. Locating source of earthquake
C. Intensity and magnitude
D. Prediction and control
6. PLATE TECTONICS
A. Plate tectonic theory
B. Continental drifting & Sea floor spreading
C. Wilson Cycle
D. Mountain building
LAB WORK
A. Identification and differentiation of common rock types & minerals
B. Description of different geological models
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
PhysicalGeologybyPlummer, McGeary & Carlson, 2022.
The Earth by Tarbuck, E. J. and Lutgens, F. K., 2020. Merill, Columbus.
HowDoesEarthWork:PhysicalGeologyandProcessofScienceby Smith, G. and Pun, A.,2006,PrenticeHall.
LabManualforPhysicalGeologybyJones,Norris.W.,Johnes,Charles E., 2005, McGraw-Hill.
TheMappingofGeologicalStructuresbyMcClay,K.R.,1987,Open UniversityPress.
Foster, R. J., General Geology. Merill, Columbus. 1983.
PrinciplesofPhysicalGeology by Holmes, A., 1978, Nelson.

COURSE TITLE: CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE

Course Code: CHEM110 Credit Hours: 3 Marks; 100
The basic objective of this course is to give the basic understanding to the students regarding various natural and man-made phenomenon
of science occurring around us in everyday life. Introduction to Science and Chemistry
What is science and what is the importance of science to human being? What is chemistry and what is its significance?
Food
Food as a basic need, a balanced diet, six essential nutrients, vitamins,minerals, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, water, functions of water in
human body, milk, soar milk, pasteurized milk, yogurt, cheese, chemicals in food (i) food colours (ii) flavors and sweeteners (iii) fat
emulsifiers and stabilizing agents (iv) flour improvers - bleaches (v) antioxidants (vi) preservatives (vii) nutritional supplements such as
minerals, vitamins and amino acids, artificial sweetening agents, colors in food, food and their flavors.
Water
Physical States of water, water on earth, importance of water, Properties and Chemical Structure of Water, water cycle, why do water
pipes bursts in winter? Anomalous behavior of water.
Chemistry in Kitchen
What is fire; Lightening of matchstick; Fire extinguishers; Why onion cutting cause tearing? Preservation of food; Baking process;
Hardening of egg on cooking; Bad eggs give rotten smell.
Plants
Photosynthesis and respiration in plants; Chlorophyll and other pigments in plants’ Natural polymers produced by plants; Lignin; Natural
rubber; Why plants drop leaves in winter; Why plant leaves turn yellow in autumn?
Cosmetics
Cosmetics; Constituents of make-up; Sunscreen; Mouthwash; Chemistry of hair; Essential elements for healthy hair growth; Curly and

52
straight hair; Blonde hair, Coloring of hair; Hair spray.
Synthetic materials
Synthetic Materials of modern age; Uses and applications of Synthetic materials: Synthetic leather; Synthetic rubbers, Types of synthetic
rubber; Synthetic Fibers and Synthetic Fertilizers.
Miscellaneous
Chemistry of lead pencil, Graphite and diamond, how pencil eraser works, Why the tires are black? Science in ball point, fog-another
mystery of nature, evaporation cause cooling, Why are train wheels metal and car wheels rubber? why and how chameleons change
colour, sea shells, pearl in sea shells.
Recommended Books:
1. The Science of Everyday Life by Len Fisher Published by Arcade, Distributed by Simon & Schuster
2. SCIENCE IN EVERYDAY LIFE By Vaishali Gupta & Anuradha Gupta ISBN: 9780190121969 Publication date: 15/10/2019
Oxford University Press India
3. Science Education for Everyday Life by Glen. S. Aikenhead (2005) ISBN 13: 9781423787822 Teachers College Press,
Columbia University, New York and London
4. The Science of everyday Life by Marti Jopson Michael O” Mara Books Limited 2015, 9 Lion Yard, SW4, 7NQ, LONDON.
5. The World of Science in Everyday Life Colin A. Ronan, H. Holt, 1993 - Science
6. Science in Everyday Life Ellsworth Scott Obourn, Elwood David Heiss, Gaylord C. Montogomery
7. Van Nostrand, 1958 - Science
8. Science in Everyday Life William Charles Vergara Harper & Row, 1980 - Juvenile Nonfiction

INTRODUCTORY ZOOLOGY
Course Code: ZOOL 101 Credit Hour: 3 (2+1)
Objectives
The course aims to impart knowledge and understanding of:
➢ The concept and status of Zoology in life sciences and the common processes of life through its biochemical and
molecularprocesses.
➢ Salient feature and economic importance of invertebrate phyla.
➢ Taxonomic characteristics of chordates and vertebrate classes
➢ Thestructureandfunctionofcellorganellesandhowcommonanimal cell diversified in various tissues, organs, and organsystems.
➢ Biochemical mechanisms eventually generating energy for animal work.
➢ Cell division and its significance in cellcycle.
➢ Concepts and mechanisms of inheritance pattern, chromosome and genes, and molecular basics ofgenetics.
➢ Animals and their relationship with theirenvironment.
➢ Concepts and mechanisms of inheritance pattern, chromosome and gene linkage and molecular basics ofgenetics.
➢ Animal behavior andcommunication.
➢ Theories of evolution
Course Contents
1. Introduction: introduction, significance and applications of Zoology, scientific method.
2. Animal diversity: Introduction to animal kingdom; general features of protozoans, sponges, coelenterates, helminths, annelids,
arthropods, mollusks, and echinoderms. Introduction to chordates. General features of Pisces, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and
mammals.
3. Macromolecules of Life: introduction to carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).
4. Enzymes: enzyme function, factors affecting enzyme function, cofactors, and coenzymes.
5. Energy Harvesting: introduction of aerobic and anaerobic respiration; fermentation.
6. CellularOrganization:Structureofanimalcells,cellmembrane,cytoplasm, and cell organelles.
7. Animal tissues: Types; epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue; organs and organ systems.
8. Cell Division: Cell cycles: Mitosis and meiosis.
9. Reproduction and Development: asexual and sexual reproduction in animals, brief description of gametogenesis, fertilization,
Cleavage and gastrulation, metamorphosis in insects and amphibians.
10. Inheritance Patterns: Mendelian genetics (complete dominance); incomplete inheritance, multiple allelism and human blood
group.
11. Chromosome: Chromosome morphology and composition, chromosomal aberrations (down syndrome, turner syndrome and

53
 Klinefelter syndrome).
12. EcologicalConcepts:Ecosystem,biomes,foodchain, food web, brief description of biogeochemical cycles, populations and
communities, human population growth, pollution, and resource depletion.
13. AnimalBehavior:definition and types of animal behavior (Instinct, Imprinting, Conditioning, and Imitation),anthropomorphism,
communication in animals (visual, auditory, chemical, and tactile).
14. Evolution: Theories of evolution; Natural selection; Lamarckism, Neo-Lamarckism, Darwinism and Neo-Darwinism.
Practical
1. Museum study of representative Phyla of invertebrates, Protochordates (amphioxus), jawless vertebrates (lamprey and hag fish),
and jawed vertebrates (Pisces, Amphibians, Reptiles, Aves, and Mammals).
2. Study of prepared microscopic slides /or projection slides of different animal tissues.
3. Study of prepared microscopic slides /or projection slides of mitosis and meiosis.
4. Multiple alleles study in human bloodgroups.
5. Field visits to study animal diversity in an ecosystem.
6. Study to demonstrate social behavior (documentary film be shown, honeybee, monkey group in a Zoo).
Books Recommended
1. Campbell, N.A. 2002. Biology. 6th Ed. Menlo Park, California: Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company,Inc.
2. Hickman, C.P., Roberts, L.S., Larson, A. 2011. Integrated Principles of Zoology, 15th Ed. (International). Singapore: McGraw
Hill.
3. Kent, G.C., Miller, S. 2001. Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates. Latest edition New York: McGraw Hill.
4. Miller, S.A. 2002. General Zoology Laboratory Manual. 5 th Ed. (International), Singapore: McGrawHill.
5. Miller, S.A. and Harley, J.B. 2005. Zoology, 6th Ed. (International), Singapore: McGraw-Hill.
6. Molles, M.C. 2005. Ecology: Concepts and Applications. 6 th Ed. McGraw Hill, New York,USA.
7. Pechenik, J.A. 2010. Biology of Invertebrates, 4th Ed. (International), Singapore: McGraw Hill.

BOT 112 Plant Sciences 3 (2+1)

Aims and Objectives

The course aims to impart knowledge and understanding about different branches of Botany in Biology. The course enlighten about the
Cell Structure, organization, Cell organelles and how common plant cell diversified in various life form. Biochemical mechanisms
eventually generating energy for plant cell. Also emphasized on the ecological attributes in relationship with their environment.

(This course is designed for other related teaching departments of University of Malakand)

Course contents
1- Brief Introduction of different Branches of Botany: Taxonomy, Anatomy, Genetics, Virology, Physiology, Ecology,
Biochemistry, Mycology etc.
2- Cell Structure, organization; Cell organelles (function and importance); Mitochondria, DNA, RNA, Protein and Lipids.
3- Study of Life Form, Structure and Reproduction: Viruses, Bacteria, Algae, Fungi, Lichens, Lower and Higher Plants.
4- Photosynthesis, Respiration, Plant Movements and introduction to Tissue Culture.
5- Ecosystem (types and Importance), Food Chain, Nitrogen Cycle and Bio-energetics
6- Pollution (Types with example), Ozone Layer and depletion, Green House Effect, Global warming, Plant Biodiversity and
Conservation
Practical:
I. Culturing, maintenance, preservation and staining of microorganisms:
II. Preparation of various slides of different life-forms.
III. T.S of angiosperm stem and leaf
IV. Extraction and estimation of carbohydrate, protein, RNA and DNA from plant sources.
Recommended Books:
1. Esau, K. 1960. Anatomy of Seed Plants. John Wiley, New York.

54
 2. Lodish. H. 2001. Molecular Cell Biology. W. H. Freeman and Co.
3. Gurevitch, et al., 2002.The Ecology of Plants, Sinauer Associates, Inc.
4. Mauseth, J.D. 2003. Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology 3rd ed., Jones and Bartlett Pub. UK
5. Prescott, L.M., Harley, J.P. and Klein, A.D. 2004. Microbiology, 3rd ed. WM. C. Brown Publishers.
6. Panday, B.P. 2004. A textbook of Botany (Angiosperms). S. Chand and Co. New Delhi.

Courset Title: General Science

GS117 Credit Hour: 3

Learning Outcomes
At the end of the course the students will be able to
1. describe common diseases,
2. explain human systems digestion, respiration, reproduction,
3. describe atomic structure,
4. differentiate between chemical and physical properties of matter,
5. describe atom and its structure,
6. explain the environment, force, motion, rocks and their types,
7. describe solution and its types,
8. explain the use of technology in daily life
9. explain solar system
UNIT-1: Science Education, Plants and Human Systems
1. Science Education, Observation, Hypothesis, Theory and Law
2. Characteristic of Scientific Knowledge
3. Root, Shoot, leaves, transportation, and respiration in plants
4. Human Digestive and Respiratory systems and its disorders
5. Human Circulatory system and its disorders
6. Excretory and reproductive systems
Unit-2. Immunity and Diseases
a. Introduction to immunity
b. Innate, adaptive, and passive immunity
c. Mechanism of antibody formation
d. Ways for boosting immunity
e. Infectious diseases Covid-19, Dengue, Hepatitis-B, Typhoid and its causes
Unit-3. Physical, Chemical Change and Structure of an Atom
1. Introduction to physical and chemical change
2. States of matter and its physical and chemical properties
3. Combustion, rusting, tarnishing of silver
4. Structure of an atom, atomic number, mass number
5. Distribution of electron in shells
Unit-4: Chemical bonds and Solutions
1. Introduction of chemical bonds and solutions
2. Valency, formation of ions, cations and anions
3. Chemical formula, and its step for writing a formula and chemical bonding
4. Formation of a solution, dilute and concentrated solutions, solubility,
5. Factor affecting the solubility and process of dissolving material.
Unit-5. Force, motion, Heat and Temperature
1. Speed, motion, force and distance
2. Contact and non-contact forces,
3. Temperature and temperature scales and its conversion
4. Transmission and conduction of Heat
5. Heat, thermal expansion, and effects of thermal expansions in daily life
6. Conduction, conversion, radiation, and insulation

55
Unit-06 Technology in Everyday life
1. Introduction and use of technology and everyday life
2. Water conservation
3. Drip and sprinkling irrigation system
4. Preservation of food i.e. canning, freezing, drying, pickling, etc.
5. Stethoscope, sanitizers
Unit-07. Earth and Space
1. Earth structure, rocks cycle, sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks
2. Earth Quack, River Erosion, Ocean, planets and stars
3. Climate Change, Global Warming
4. Population changes and the Earth
5. Force of gravity and its uses
6. Mass and weight and SI Units
7. Revolution of earth around sun, season and constellation

Suggested Textbooks/Books
Agha Khan University Examination Board (2002) General Science IX-X (Based on National Curriculum 2002). Karachi: AGKEB.
General Science IX-X, VIII, VII of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab Text Book Boards (Based on National Curriculum 2002).
William Lewis Eikenberry (2008) The teaching of general science, The University of Chicago Press.
Harlen Wymine, (1992) Teaching of Science, London, David Falton Publishers.
Hassard Jack, (1992) Minds of Science: Middle and secondary methods, New York: Harper Collins Publishers.
Monier Martin (Ed.) (1995) Learning to Teach Science, London, Falmer
Press
SOCIAL SCIENCES CLUSTER (COURSE DETAILS WITH NECESSARY REQUIREMENTS)
Gen-Ed-3 SocialSciences* 1 02 1. LLB 124Law
Departments may offer any course from the given list 2. SOC116 Introduction to sociology
3. ECON111 Fundamentals of
Economics
4. PSY 113 Introduction to
Psychology
5. SW 116 Introduction to
SocialWork,
6. PSC112 Introduction to
PoliticalScience
7. ARC 114 Introduction to
Archaeology
8. CRIM 102 Introduction to
Criminology
9. JMC 115 Journalism and Mass
communication
FOLLOWING ARE THE COURSES IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES CATEGORY
INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY
Course Code: SOC 116 Credit Hours: 02
Course Objectives:
The course is designed to introduce the students with sociological concepts and the discipline. The focus of the course shall be on
significant concepts like social systems and structures, socio-economic changes and social processes. The course will provide due
foundation for further studies in the field of sociology and general understanding of sociology for students of others disciplines.
Course Outline:
1. Introduction
• Meaning, Definition, Scope, and Subject Matter
• Sociology as a Science

56
 • Historical background of Sociology
2. Basic Concepts
• Group, Community, Society
• Associations
• Non-Voluntary
• Voluntary
• Organization
• Informal
• Formal
• Social Interaction
• Levels of Social Interaction
• Process of Social Interaction
• Cooperation
• Competition
• Conflict
• Accommodation
• Acculturation and diffusion
• Assimilation
• Amalgamation
3. Social Groups
• Definition & Functions
• Types of social groups
• In and out groups
• Primary and Secondary group
• Reference groups
• Informal and Formal groups
• Pressure groups
4. Culture
• Definition, aspects and characteristics of Culture
• Material and non-material culture
• Ideal and real culture
• Elements of culture
• Beliefs
• Values
• Norms and social sanctions
• Organizations of culture
• Traits
• Complexes
• Patterns
• Ethos
• Theme
• Other related concepts
• Cultural Relativism
• Sub Cultures
• Ethnocentrism and Xenocentrism
• Cultural lag
4. Socialization & Personality
• Personality, Factors in Personality Formation
• Socialization, Agencies and Types of Socialization

57
 • Role & Status
5. Deviance, Crime, and Social Control
• Deviance and its types
• Crime and its types
• Social control and its need
• Forms of Social control
• Methods & Agencies of Social control
6. Collective Behavior
• Collective behavior, its types
• Crowd behavior
• Public opinion
• Propaganda
• Social movements
• Leadership
Suggested Readings:
1. Gidden, A. (2002). Introduction to Sociology. UK: Polity Press.
2. Henslin. J. M. (2004). Sociology: A Down to Earth Approach. Toronto: Allen and Bacon.
3. Macionis, J. J. (2005). Sociology (10th ed.) South Asia: Pearson Education
4. Macionis, J. J. (2006). Sociology. (10th ed.) New Jersey: Prentice-Hall
5. Macionis, J. J. (2006). Sociology. (17th ed.) New Jersey: Prentice-Hall
6. Hameed, A. T (……). Introduction to Sociology.
7. Horton and Hunt. (……) Introduction to Sociology.
Course Title: Fundamentals of Political Science Credit Hours: 02
Code: PSC 112 Total Marks: 50

Course Introduction:
Fundamental of Political Science provides an introduction to the scientific study of politics. It offers the basic tools necessary for
beginners to become both critical consumers and beginning producers of scientific research on politics. It further deals with the basic
concepts and terminologies used in Political science which are necessary for the students in advanced learning in the subject of Political
Science.

Learning Objectives:
The course is designed in order to introduce students with the fundamentals of the subject and prepare them for advance studies in
coming semesters. The objective of the course is to make the students familiar with the basic concepts and terminologies used in Political
Science.

Contents

1. Definitions, Scope, Nature, and Significance of Political Science

2. Evolution of the Discipline of Political Science
a. Definitions of State
b. State and its elements
c. Kinds of State
d. Confederation and Federation
e. Protectorate and Vassal
f. Unitary and Federal

2. Basic concepts of Political Science

a. Power, Authority and Legitimacy
b. Nation and Sovereignty
c. Law, Liberty, Rights and Duties

58
 Suggested Readings:
1. Sarwar, M. (1996). Introduction to Political Science. Lahore: Ilmi Kutub Khana.
2. Haq, M. U. (1996). Theory and Practice in Political Science, Lahore: Book land.

LLB 114 LAW

Marks: 50 Credit Hours: 02
CourseDescription
This will be an introductory course for newly admitted students about the natureand sources of law, both Western and
Islamic. It will cover definitions, functionsand purposes of law, territorial nature of law, legal concepts of rights,
property,personsetc.
Course Contents
• Definitionsoflaw
• Sourcesoflaw(bothwestern.i.e.Custom,Precedent,LegislationandIslamicsourcesi.e.Quran,Sunnah,IjmaandQiy
as)
• Functionsandpurposesoflaw
• Kinds of Law
• Basicconceptofadministrationofjustice
• Basicconceptsanddistinctionbetweencivilandcriminallaw
• Basicconceptsofrights,property,personsetc.
• BasicdefinitionsandintroductoryconceptsofConstitutionalLawi.e.State,government,
fundamentalrights,humanrights,amendment,Act,Ordinanceetc
SuggestedReadings:
1. SirJhonSalmond.Jurisprudence,Pakistan:PLD,2006
2. V.D. Mahajan.Jurisprudence,Pakistan:EasterLawBookHouse,2006
3. Denning,Lord.TheDisciplineofLaw.London:Butterworths, 1979.
4. Dworkin,Ronald.TakingRightsSeriously.London:Duckworth,1977.
5. Posner,RichardA. OvercomingLaw.(reprint)Delhi:Universal,2007.
ECON111 Fundamentals of Economics Cr. Hrs-2

Course Description:
Fundamentals of Economics is an introductory undergraduate course that teaches the fundamentals of microeconomics and
macroeconomics. This course introduces microeconomic concepts, supply and demand analysis, theories of the firm and individual
behavior, competition and monopoly. Students will also be introduced to the use of microeconomic applications to address problems in
current economic policy throughout the semester. Further the course covers the macroeconomic indicators and issues such as national
income, unemployment, inflation etc. The course will establish the students understanding on the behavior and performance of the
economy as a whole.
Course Objectives:
• By the end of the course, students will be able to understand introductory microeconomic and macroeconomic theories
• To sharpen the problem-solving tactics required to solve basic microeconomic and macroeconomic problems
• To train the students to work with others as a part of team to solve problems
Learning Outcomes:
After completing this course, students should have developed a range of skills
enabling them to understand economic concepts and use those concepts to analyze
specific questions. By the end of this course, students should be able to:

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 • Acquire the basic knowledge of terminologies used in microeconomics and macroeconomics and the key elements involved in
the business decision
• Understand the meaning and components that determine the individual behavior and aggregate behavior within the economy.
• Apply the tools of policies to understand the advantages and drawbacks of microeconomic and macroeconomic policies and
how these policies operate.
Course Contents:
1. Introduction
Definition, scope and importance of Economics, Microeconomics vs. Macroeconomics, Scarcity and choice, Opportunity cos.
2. Consumer Behavior
Cardinal and Ordinal utility approaches, Concepts of demand and supply, Laws of demand and supply, Market equilibrium,
Shifts in demand and supply curves, and market equilibrium.
3. Elasticity
Concept of elasticity, Price elasticity of demand, Income elasticity of demand, Cross Elasticity of Demand, Price elasticity of
supply, Application of elasticity.
4. Theory of Firm
Factors of production and their rewards, Total, average, and marginal products, Cost of production, Total, average, and marginal
costs, Total, average, and marginal revenue.
5. Market Structure
Perfect competition & imperfect competition: assumptions and Price/Output determination in short run and long run. Monopoly,
Short-Run and Long-Run Equilibrium of Monopoly.
6. National Income
Concepts of national income, GDP & GNP, Real vs. nominal GNP, NNP, NI, PDY.
7. Macroeconomic Issues
Concept of inflation, unemployment, Balance of payment. Monetary Policy and Fiscal Policy and their role in the economy.

Core Readings
1. Michel Parkin. 2004. Economics, 5th Ed., Addison Wesley.
2. Paul A. Samualson and W.D. Nordhaus. 2004. Economics, 18th Ed., McGraw Hills, Inc.
3. John Sloman, Economics (Latest edition).
4. Lipsey and Crystal, Economics, (Latest edition).
Course Title: Introduction to Psychology
Course Code: PSY113 Credit Hours: 02
Course Objectives
This course will help to describe Psychology with major areas in the field and identify the parameters of this discipline. It will help to
distinguish between the major perspectives on human thought and behavior.
Course Outcome:
It helps to gain insight into human behavior and into one's own personality or personal relationships. Explore the ways that psychological
theories are used to describe, understand, predict, and control or modify behavior.
Course Outline:
1. Introduction to Psychology
• Introduction, Meaning and definition of Psychology
• Nature and Scope of Psychology
• Different Schools in Psychology
• Application of Psychology with special reference to Pakistan
2. Research in Methods of Psychology
• Observation
• Case History Method
• Experimental Method
• Survey Method
• Interviewing Techniques

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3. Sensation, Perception and Attention
A. Sensations:
• Characteristics and Major Functions of Different Sensations
• Vision: Structure and functions of the Eye.
• Audition: Structure and functions of the Ear.
B. Perceptions:
• Nature of Perception
• Factors of Perception: Subjective, Objective and Social
• Kinds of Perception:
• Spatial Perception (Perception of Depth and Distance)
• Temporal Perception; Auditory Perception.

4. Attention:
• Factors, Subjective and Objective
• Span of Attention
• Fluctuation of Attention
• Distraction of Attention (Causes and Control)

5. Motives
• Definition and Nature
• Classification of Motives
o (Primary (Biogenic) Motives:
o (Sociogenic) Motives
6. Learning
• Definition of Learning
• Types of Learning:
o Classical and Operant Conditioning
o Trial and Error
o Learning by Insight
o Observational Learning
o Methods of Learning
7. Thinking
• Definition and Nature
• Tools of Thinking: Imagery; Language; Concepts
• Kinds of Thinking (Problem Solving; Decision Making; Reasoning)
8. Individual differences
• Definition of Individual Differences and conceptual Framework
• Intelligence, personality, aptitude, achievement

Recommended books:
1. Atkinson R. C., & Smith E. E. (2000). Introduction to psychology (13th Ed.). San Diego, California, USA Harcourt Brace College
Publishers.
2. Fernald, L. D., & Fernald, P. S. (2005). Introduction to psychology. USA: WMC Brown Publishers.
3. Thomson & Lahey, B-B. (2004). Psychology: An Introduction (8th Ed.). New York, USA: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL WORK

COURSE CODE: SW 116 CH: 02

OBJECTIVES

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 This course will enlighten the students with modern concept of social work; it will help the students to understand the dynamics of the
discipline, it will also assist the students as a platform for understanding of different social problems in society.
CONTENTS
1. Definition and concept of social work
2. Objectives of social work
3. Professional and voluntary social work
4. Social work and social welfare
5. Skills & values for professional social workers
6. Tools & Techniques in social work
a. Interviewing
b. counselling
7. Social work and advocacy
8. Social work pillars
a. Human rights
b. Social justice
9. Social work and leadership
10. Social work and social development
11. Modern concept of social work
a. Preventive
b. Curative
c. Rehabilitative
12. Role of social worker
13. Important fields of social work practice
• Mental Health
• Child protection
• women empowerment/welfare
• old age
• Disability
• parole and probation
• Green social work/Environment
• Juvenile justice
• services for immigrants and refugees
• Drug abuse and addiction
RECOMMENDED READINGS
Adams, R. (2003). Social work and empowerment. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Ambrosino, R. (2005). Social work and social welfare introduction.Mexi: Thomson.
Bogo, M. (2007).Social work practice. New Dehli: Rawat Publications.
Catherine N. D. & Karen M.S. (2012).Social Work Fields of Practice. Canada: John Wiley & Sons.
Healy, K. (2012). Social work methods and skills: The essential foundations of practice. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Jane M. & Ronnie, E. (2006).Practice Skills in Social Work & Welfare. Chennai (India): Allen&Unwin.
Khalid, Muhammad (2014). Social Work: Theory & Practice. Karachi: Kifayat Academy.
Mohammad, N. (2005). Social work for weaker sections. New Dehli: Anmol Publications
GENERAL COURSE TO BE OFFERED IN OTHER DEPARTMENTS

Course title: Introduction to Archaeology

Course code: ARC 113 CH: 02
Course Objectives
This introductory course provides an overview of archaeology, its principles, methods, and significance in understanding human history
and culture. Students will learn about the techniques and approaches used by archaeologists to excavate, analyze artifacts, and interpret
past societies.
Chapter 1: Introduction to Archaeology

62
 • Definition and scope of archaeology
• Historical development of archaeology
• Subfields of archaeology (e.g., historical archaeology, classical archaeology, prehistoric archaeology)
Chapter 2: Archaeological Methods and Techniques
• Fieldwork and excavation techniques
• Survey methods and site identification
• Stratigraphy and dating methods (relative and absolute dating)
• Archaeological site formation processes
Chapter 3: Archaeological Record and Material Culture
• Concepts of the archaeological record
• Types of artifacts and ecofacts
• Analysis and interpretation of material culture
Chapter 4: Understanding Ancient Societies
• Cultural context in archaeology
• Culture and cultural evolution
• Lifeways of ancient societies
Chapter 5: Archaeology and Technology, Public Engagement, and Ethics
• Role of technology in modern archaeology
• GIS, remote sensing, and digital tools in archaeology
• Public engagement and cultural heritage management
• Ethics in archaeology
Suggested Readings
• "Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice" by Colin Renfrew and Paul Bahn
• "The Archaeology Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained" by DK (Dorling Kindersley)
• "Archaeology: A Very Short Introduction" by Paul Bahn "Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice" by Colin Renfrew
and Paul Bahn
• "The Archaeology Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained" by DK (Dorling Kindersley)
INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY
Course Code: CRIM 103 Credit Hours: 2

Course Objectives:
This course familiarizes the students with the basic concepts, theories and criminal typologies pertaining to the discipline. The focus of
the course shall be on significant concepts like crime, criminal behavior and approaches/perspectives towards such behaviors. It shall
provide due foundation for further studies in the relevant fields of study.

Course Outline:
1. Introduction
• Definition
• Scope
• Subject matter
• Historical Development of criminology
• Crime
• Deviance
• Sin
2. Approaches
• Rational choice factors/perspective
• Biological factors/perspective
• Psychological factors/perspective
• Sociological factors/perspective
3. Types

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 • Crimes against person
• Crimes against property
• Organized crimes/criminals
• White collar crimes/criminals
• Professional crime/criminals
• Legalistic crime/criminals
4. Crime Detection
• Agencies of Crimes Detection
• Problems in Crime Detection
5. Punishment
• Corporal punishment
• Capital punishment
• Imprisonment
• Fine
• Exile
Recommended Readings:
Walsh, Anthony. (2010). Introduction to Criminology: A Text/Reader
Siegel, Larry J. (2011). Criminology, Wordsworth
Hagan, F. (2010). Introduction to Criminology, 7th Edition, Beverly Hills

Introduction to Mass Communication CH:02 Course Code: JMC115

This course is aimed at introducing the students with basic concept of communication and mass communication. This course further
enables the students to understand the communication process and distinguish among various mass media.
Objectives: Objectives:
• To make students understand the basic concept of communication and Mass Communication
• To help students to develop an understanding of evolution of printing, press and Newspapers Highlighting various contents of
each Medium
Outcomes:
• Upon successful completion of the course the student will be able to:
• Identify the Media of Mass Communication.
• Understand the basic knowledge of Mass Communication, the communication process and distinguish among various mass
Media.
• The students should be able to understand evaluation and appraisal of media content.
• Able to start opinion writing and evaluate the content of Media.
Week Contents Assignments/ Activity
1 Definition, nature and scope of mass communication, Assignment on different definitions
Significance of communication and mass communication of communication
2 History of communication, mass communication
3 Types of communication, levels of mass communication
4 Functions of communication & mass communication
5 Process of communication & mass communication, Activity, make groups of students to
components and elements of communication identify the elements of
communication process
6 Encoding, decoding process and mechanism in
communication and mass communication
7 Feedback, Forms and Types of feedback, flow of Assignment on types of feedback
feedback, criteria for effective feedback,
8 Characteristics of feedback and Essential of effective
communication
9 Mid-Term Exam

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 10 Audience, Types of audience Identify your audience according to
the medium
11 Print & electronic media audience and characteristics
12 Folk and online media audience and characteristics
13 Barriers of communication, types and levels of barriers of
communication,
14 Communication models, types of communication models, Activity to write down function of
News diffusion: The J-curve models, Lasswell model, communication in class
15 Shannon & Weaver model, De Fleur’s model, Osgood & Presentation on different models
Schramm model, Dance’s Helical model, The Hub
Model, Katz & lazarsfeld’s two-step flow model
16 Media of mass communication, print, radio, television, Assignment write down various
online media, folk media, static media, film, etc types of media of mass
communication
17 Communication technologies introduction, satellite, cable
TV, Teletex, videotext, fiber-optic, effects of information
technologies
18 Final-Term Exam

Recommended Books
• Dennis, Defleur (2000). Understanding Mass Communication. Boston: Houghton Mufflin Co.
• Introduction to Mass Communication, Whatmore,Edward J. (1995).California: Wadsworth Publishing
• Briggs, Asa, and Peter Burke. A Social History of the Media: From Gutenberg to the Internet, 2001.
• Campbell, Richard, Bettina G. Fabos, and Christopher R. Martin. (2007) Media and Culture: An Introduction to Mass
Communication,
• Hoveyda, Fereydoun. (2000) The Hidden Meaning of Mass Communications: Cinema, Books, and Television in the Age of
Computers.
• Ahuja, B.N. (1993) Theory and Practice of Journalism. New Delhi: Surjeet Publications Dominick, J.R.(2006).Dynamics of
Mass Communication(8thed.)New York. McGraw-Hill

GENERAL EDUCATION CLUSTER FOR FUNCTIONALENGLISHEXPOSITORYWRITING

Gen-Ed-4&5 FunctionalEnglish** 1 3+ 1.ENG101FunctionalEnglish
ExpositoryWriting** 3
2.ENG102 ExpositoryWriting

FOLLOWING ARE THE TWO COURSES OF FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH AND EXPOSITORY WRITINGS

65
 ENG101 FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH GEN ED CH: 3-0
Course Description:
The course is designed from HEC’s Functional English-I for students pursuing a four-year BS (undergraduate) and two-year Associate
Degree (AD) in HEIs in Pakistan. The course aims to develop students' language skills and enhance their ability to communicate
effectively in English. Instead of teaching grammar in isolation and only at sentence level, this course is based on developing the
language abilities of students through an integrated approach that provides opportunities to develop their listening, speaking, reading, and
writing skills. With a focus on social interaction, the course draws specific attention to the accurate use of structures, improvement of
pronunciation, and development of active vocabulary in descriptive, narrative, and academic texts. The course covers various aspects of
English language learning, including grammar, vocabulary, reading, writing, and speaking. The course is designed to help students
develop their language proficiency and prepare them for professional and academic settings. The course must be taught and graded
according to the weekly split and guidelines provided in the HEC Model course which is available online or may be obtained from the
Department of English.
Course Objectives:
Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
1. Demonstrate an understanding of basic English grammar rules and structures.
2. Expand their vocabulary and use it effectively in written and spoken communication.
3. Develop their reading comprehension skills and analyze texts critically.
4. Write clear and concise paragraphs and essays using appropriate grammar and vocabulary.
5. Speak confidently and effectively in English in various academic and professional contexts.
Course Contents:
Introductions Making introductions
Expressing requests and enquiries
Grammar Focus First-person and second-person pronouns
Descriptive adjectives and adjective or relative clauses
Simple and present continuous tenses
Use of modals can, could, would, and will
Conditional structures
Use of wh- questions for interviewing
Social Interaction Greetings
Gratitude
Invitations
Regrets
Grammar Focus Present and past tense, simple and progressive aspects
Use of modals can, could, and would
Tag questions
Prepositions
Sentence structure
Expressing past regrets using wish plus the past perfect
Giving and Following Directions
Difficulties in following directions and instructions
Effective oral directions
Instructional guides
Grammar Focus Present tense in simple, habitual, and progressive aspects
Using the imperative for instructions
Vocabulary related to transitions
Clarity of sentence structure
Sharing Experiences Sharing narratives
Sharing unique experiences
Imaginative texts
Grammar Focus Descriptive and narrative style
Simultaneous use of reporting speech and reported speech

66
 Use of relevant vocabulary, adjective clauses, and adverbial clauses
Use of past tenses
Types of Writing Writing styles
Writing mechanics
Descriptive and narrative style
Grammar Focus Identifying run-on sentences and sentence fragments in a text
Subject-verb agreement
Pronoun-reference agreement
Tense variation
Punctuation
Suggested Readings:
1. T. K. Carver and S. Fortinos-Riggs, Conversation Book II – English in Everyday Life (New York: Pearson Education Limited,
2006).
2. A. Seaton and Y. H. Mew, Complete English Grammar (London: Scholastic Education, 2021)
3. J. Eastwood, Oxford Practice Grammar (Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2005).
4. J. Swan, Practical English Usage, 3rd ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005).
5. R. Murphy, English Grammar in Use (4 th Edition) (Cambridge University Press, 2012)
6. Allama Iqbal Open University, Compulsory English 1 (Code 1423) (Islamabad: AIOU Press).

67
 ENG102 INTRODUCTION TO EXPOSITORY WRITINGGEN EDCH: 3-0
Course Description:
This course prepares undergraduates to become successful writers and readers of English. The course helps students to develop their
fundamental language skills with a focus on writing so that they can gain the confidence to communicate in oral and written English
outside the classroom. The course is divided into five units and takes a PBL (Project-based Learning) approach. Unit themes target the
development of 21st century skills and focus on self-reflection and active community engagement. Course activities include lectures,
group, pair and individual activities, as well as a series of required assignments, including reading and writing across various genres. The
course must be taught and graded according to the weekly split and guidelines provided in the HEC Model course which is available
online or may be obtained from the Department of English.
Course Objectives:
At the end of the course, the students will be able to:
1. Analyze basic communication skills and use them effectively in oral and written English.
2. Develop skills as reflective and self-directed learners.
3. Critically evaluate and review various types of texts and summarize them.
4. Develop analytical and problem-solving skills to address various community-specific challenges.
5. Intellectually engage with different stages of the writing process, such as: brainstorming, mind mapping, free writing, drafting and
revision, etc.
Learning Outcomes:
By the end of this course, the students will be able to
1. Write, edit and proofread a short essay in English language.
2. Present ideas to the class in team presentations using English that is comprehensible and engaging.
3. Critically analyze a text written in English using SQW3R strategies.
4. Conduct small-scale research about their communities.
5. Draft a letter of communal importance to the editor of a newspaper.
Course Contents:
UNIT 1: Self-Reflection
• Introduction to the basics of the writing process
• Introduction to the steps of essay writing
• Students practice prewriting activities like brainstorming, listing, clustering and freewriting.
• Students practice outlining of the essay.
UNIT 2: Personalized Learning
• Students reflect on their learning process (planning, prewriting, organizing, drafting, revising, editing/proofreading).
• Group discussion about learning styles based on the reading material provided to students.
• Introduction to personalized learning.
• Students practice goal setting and create a learning plan
• Introduction to the structure and significance of oral presentations
• Class discussion about content selection and slide preparation for oral presentations
• Peer review through a gallery walk.
UNIT 3: Critical Reading Skills
• Introduce authentic reading (DAWN newspaper and non-specialist academic books/texts).
• Classroom reading activities (using strategies skimming, scanning, SQW3R, previewing, annotating, detailed reading and note-
taking) using standard tests (TOEFL and IELTS).
• Assign books/articles/reports for their individual home assignments.
• Share model review reports and annotated bibliographies.
UNIT 4: Community Engagement
• Showing short documentaries to students on global environmental issues.
• Student-led brainstorming on local versus global issues.
• Teacher-led introduction to the unit assignment (using assignment sheet).
• Readings (or other input sources – video, social media) from local news on possible community issues, letters to editor and op-

68
 eds.
• Identify research problems.
• Begin drafting research questions based on the problems identified.
• Facilitating students on developing research questions in groups.
• Draft interview or survey questions for community research (in English or L1).
• In-class role-plays of interviews with community members.
• Engaging students in critical reading and reflection on issues found in different communities.
• In-class work to understand interview information, how to present interview or survey info.
• Refining the research questions, designing a detailed research plan in groups, dividing the tasks and deciding the timeline for the
completion of the project.
• Exposure to interview questions and interviewing techniques to develop an in-depth understanding of the issues.
• Continued group work on report outline.
• In-class lecture and group work on analyzing information.
• Discussion based on translating data from the source language to target language (English).
• Sharing the experience of field work in class orally.
• Teacher feedback on outline of report (to entire class and individually to groups as needed).
• Revisions to oral report in groups.
• Engaging students in individual structured reflective writing based on their experience of working on the project.
• Sharing their reflective writing to learn about each other’s points of view.
• Think-pair-share the findings (group similar issues).
• Individual writing of reflection on community engagement project and their role in the group.
• Brainstorm using creativity for dissemination – cartoons, advertisements for university magazine or beyond, creating posts for
FB.
• Summarizing/ converting the report to a letter to the editor to highlight the problems explored and their possible solutions
(homework - connecting activity for week 11 - Unit 5)
UNIT 5: Letter to the Editor
• Teacher-directed instruction on genres (types) of writing focusing on letter-writing.
• Model-practice-reflect: Introduce types of letters comparing the use of formal and informal vocabulary and phrases in each type.
• Introduce the format and purpose of the letter-to-editor explaining with the help of an actual letter from a local newspaper.
• Group reading of sample letters-to-editor (ones that deal with issues familiar to students).
• Invite a guest lecturer (local newspaper editor or faculty from journalism) to talk about what issues are currently raised in letters-
to-editors and what are editors’ criteria to accept letters for publication.
• Work in groups to continue reviewing letter samples, analyzing structure of letters. Each group identifies an issue they want to
write about and give a brief oral presentation to class.
• Submit the first draft of letters (to the teacher and peer-review group)
• In-class peer review of drafts using a checklist focusing on content and structure
• DUE: First draft of letter (to teacher and peer review group).
• Groups revise first draft of letter.
• Differentiate among revision, proofreading and evaluation (as sub-stages to finalize documents).
• Discuss critically the draft-letter and implement the ‘revision’ phase of writing.
• Reading of (DAWN) newspaper and sharing important letters (to editors) on local issues.
• Groups revise second draft of letter.
• Explicit instruction (paragraph structure, syntax, diction, grammar, and mechanics).
• Classroom discussion/debrief of activity.
• Discuss critically and finalize the draft-letter as the last phase of writing.
Suggested Readings:

69
1. Lunsford, A. A., Matsuda, P. K., & Tardy, C. M. (2016). The everyday writer (p. 656). Bedford/St. Martin's.
2. Alicia, J. (2020). Step by Step Guide for Writing Short Essays
3. Baily, Stephan (2011) Academic Writing. A Handbook For International Students (3rd Ed)
4. Ross, Neil (2009) Make your next presentation remarkable.
5. Hall, B. & Wallace, E. (2018). College ESL Writers: Applied Grammar and Composing Strategies for Success.
6. Himmelsbach, V. (2020, August 25). Personalized Learning: The Ultimate Guide. Trends in Higher Education
GENERAL EDUCATION CLUSTER FOR QUANTITATIVEREASONING-I&II
Gen-Ed-6 QuantitativeReasoning** 2 3+ 1. QR 101 QuantitativeReasoning-I
Two courses are approved by the Mathematics 3 2. QR 102 QuantitativeReasoning-II
Department as per the HEC approved syllabus with the
given codes.

Course Title: Quantitative Reasoning-I (Mathematics)

Course Code: QR101
Credit Hours: 03
COURSE DESCRIPTION
Since ancient times, numbers, quantification, and mathematics have played a central role in scientific and technological development. In the 21st century
Quantitative Reasoning (QR) skills are essential for life as they help to better understand socio-economic, political, health, education, and many other
issues an individual now faces in daily life. The skills acquired by taking this course will help the students to apply QR methods in their daily life and
professional activities. This course will also change student’s attitude about mathematics. It will not only polish their QR skills, but also enhance their
abilities to apply these skills.
COURSE OBJECTIVES
• Students will be introduced to the above concepts, and they will be prepared to apply these concepts to analyze and interpret information in
different walks of life.
• Students will get familiarized with the importance of quantitative reasoning skills in the modern age.
• This course will improve their ability to deal with scenarios involving numbers related issues in a logical manner.
• It will provide students an opportunity to appreciate the intellectual beauty of quantitative reasoning skills.
• It will prepare students to apply the quantitative reasoning skills in solving quantitative problems which they will experience in their practical
lives.
Cours Contents
Fundamental Mathematical Concepts
Number system and basic arithmetic operations; Units and their conversions, dimensions, area, perimeter and volume;
Rates, ratios, proportions and percentages; Basics of geometry (lines, angles, circles, polygons etc.); Sets and their operations;
Relations, functions, and their graphs;
Exponents, factoring and simplifying algebraic expressions; Algebraic and graphical solutions of linear and quadratic equations and
inequalities; Quantitative reasoning exercises using fundamental mathematical concepts.
Logic, Logical and Critical Reasoning
Introduction and importance of logic; Inductive, deductive and abductive approaches of reasoning; Propositions, arguments (valid:
invalid), logical connectives, truth tables and propositional equivalences; Logical fallacies: Venn Diagrams; Predicates and quantifiers;
Quantitative reasoning exercises using logical reasoning concepts and techniques.
Mathematical Modeling and Analyses
Introduction to deterministic models; Use of linear functions for modeling in real-world situations;
Modeling with the system of linear equations and their solutions; Elementary introduction to derivatives in mathematical modeling;
Linear and exponential growth and decay models; Quantitative reasoning exercises using mathematical modeling.
Books
1. “Using and Understanding Mathematics: A Quantitative Reasoning Approach’' by Bennett, J. O., Briggs, W. L., & Badalamenti,
2. “Discrete Mathematics and its Applications” by Kenneth H. Rosen.
3. “Discrete Mathematics with Applications” by Susanna S. Epp.
4. “Applied Mathematics for Business. Economics and Social Sciences” by Frank S Budnick.
5. “Elementary Statistics: A Step by Step Approach” by Allan Bluman.

70
6. “Introductory Statistics” by Prem S. Mann.
7. “Applied Statistical Modeling” by Salvatore Babones.
8. “Barrons SAT” by Sharvon Weiner Green, M.A and Ira K.Wolf.

Course Title: Quantitative Reasoning-II (Statistics)

Course Code: QR102
Credit Hours: 03COURSE
INTRODUCTION
This course is based on quantitative reasoning 1 course. It will enhance the quantitative reasoning skills learned in quantitative reasoning
1 course. Students will be introduced to more tools necessary for quantitative reasoning skills to live in the fast paced 21st century.
Students will be introduced to importance of mathematical skills in different professional settings, social and natural sciences. These
quantitative reasoning skills will help students to better participate in national and international issues like political and health issues.
This course will prepare the students to apply quantitative reasoning tools more efficiently in their professional and daily life activities.
This course will help them to better understand the information in form of numeric, graphs, tables, and functions.
COURSE OBJECTIVES
• Students will be introduced to the above listed concepts, and they will be prepared to apply these concepts to practical life scenarios.
• This course will enhance their ability to deal with scenarios involving quantitative reasoning skills in a logical manner which they
can face in their practical lives
• It will prepare students to deal with different forms of data occurring in professional, social and natural sciences
• Students will be introduced to scenarios involving functions and probability in different disciplines.
• This course will prepare the students to apply the quantitative reasoning skills in other disciplines.
• This course will provide solid foundation for students to use the quantitative reasoning skills in solving practical life problems.
Course Contents
Types and sources of data; Measurement scales; Tabular and graphical presentation of data;
Quantitative reasoning exercises using number knowledge. Population and sample; Measures of central tendency,
dispersion and data interpretation; Rules of counting (multiplicative, permutation and combination); Basic
probability theory; Introduction to random variables and their probability distributions: Quantitative reasoning
exercises using fundamental statistical; Statistical Modeling and Analyses; Introduction to probabilistic models:
Bivariate analysis, scatter plots; Simple linear regression model and correlation analysis; Basics of estimation and
confidence interval; Testing of hypothesis (z-test; t-test); Statistical inference in decision making; Quantitative
reasoning exercises using statistical modeling
Recommended Books
9. “Using and Understanding Mathematics: A Quantitative Reasoning Approach’' by Bennett, J. O., Briggs, W. L., & Badalamenti, A.
10. ““Elementary Statistics: A Step by Step Approach” by Allan Bluman.
11. “Introductory Statistics” by Prem S. Mann.
12. “Applied Statistical Modeling” by Salvatore Babones.
13. “Barrons SAT” by Sharvon Weiner Green, M.A and Ira K.Wolf
GENERAL EDUCATION CLUSTER I.E.
ISLAMICSTUDIES**(OR)RELIGIOUSEDUCATION/ETHICSINLIEUOFISLAMICSTUDIESONLYFORNON -
MUSLIMSTUDENTS
Gen-Ed-7 IslamicStudies**(OR) 1. ISL112. IslamicStudies
ReligiousEducation/EthicsinlieuofI 1 02
slamicStudiesonlyfornon-
Muslimstudents

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 ISLAMIC STUDIES
Title Description
er 1st
Nature of Course Gen-Ed- 1
No. of Credit Hours 02 C.H.
Total teaching weeks 18
ISL 112

Course Learning Outcomes

By the end of this course, students will be able to:
1. Demonstrate enhanced knowledge of Islamic foundational beliefs, practices, historical development, spiritual values and
ethical principles.
2. Describe basic sources of Islamic Law and their application in daily life.
3. Identify and discuss contemporary issues being faced by the Muslim world including social challenges, gender roles and
interfaith interactions.

Course Detail
1. Introduction to Islam:
• Definition of Islam and its core beliefs.
• The Holy Quran (introduction, revelation and compilation)
• Verses of Surah Al-Hujrat Related to Adab Al-Nabi (Verse No-1-18)
• Verses of Surah Al-Mumanoon Related to Characteristics of faithful (Verse 1-11)
• Verses of Surah al-Furqan Related to Social Ethics (Verse No.63-77)
• Hadith and Sunnah (compilation, classification and significance)
• Key theological concepts and themes (Tawhid, Prophethood, Akhirah etc.)
2. Sirah of the Holy Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him) as Uswa-i-Hasana:
• Life and legacy of the Holy Prophet PBUH
• Diverse roles of the Holy Prophet PBUH (as an individual, educator, peace maker, leader etc.)
3. Islamic History and Civilization:
• World before Islam
• The Rashidun Caliphate and expansion of Islamic rule.
• Contribution of Muslim scientists and philosophers in shaping world civilization
4. Islamic Jurisprudence (Fiqh):
• Fundamental sources of Islamic jurisprudence.
• Pillars of Islam and their significance.
• Major schools of Islamic jurisprudence.
• Significance and principles of Ijtihad.
5. Family and Society in Islam:
• Status and rights of women in Islamic teachings.
• Marriage, family and gender roles in Muslim society.
• Family structure and values in Muslim society.
6. Islam and the Modern World:
• Relevance of Islam in the modern world (globalization, challenges and prospects).
• Islamophobia, interfaith dialogue and multiculturalism.
• Islamic viewpoint towards socio-cultural and technological changes.
Suggested Instructional / Reading Material
1. “The Five Pillars of Islam: A Journey Through the Divine Acts of Worship” by Muhammad Mustafa Al-Azami.
2. “The Five Pillars of Islam: A Framework for Islamic Values and Character Building” by Musharraf Hussain.
3. “Towards Understanding Islam” by Abul A’la Mawdudi.

72
 4. “Islami Nazria e Hayat” by Khurshid Ahmad.
5. “An Introduction to Islamic Theology” by John Renard
6. “Islamic Civilization Foundations Belief & Principles” by Abul A’la Mawdudi.
7. “Women and Social Justice: An Islamic Paradigm” by Dr. Anis Ahmad.
8. “Islam: Its Meaning and Message” by Khurshid Ahmad.
GENERAL EDUCATION CLUSTER FOR IDEOLOGYANDCONSTITUTIONOFPAKISTAN

Gen-Ed-08 IdeologyandConstitutionofPakistan** 1 02 1. PSC111

(Teacher from Pakistan Study will teach this course) IdeologyandConstitutionofPakista
n
COURSE TITLE: IDEOLOGY AND CONSTITUTION OF PAKISTAN
COURSE CODE: PSC 111
CH:02
Description:
This course is designed to provide students with a fundamental exploration of the ideology and the constitution of Pakistan. The course
focuses on the underlining principles beliefs and aspirations that have been instrumental in shaping the creation and development of
Pakistan as a sovereign state. Moreover, the course will enable students to understand the core provision of the constitution of the Islamic
Republic of Pakistan concerning the fundamental rights and responsibilities of Pakistan’s citizen to enable them function in a socially
responsible manner.
Course learning Outcomes:
By the end of this course students will be able to
1. Demonstrate enhance knowledge of the basis of the ideology of Pakistan with special reference to the contribution of the
founding fathers of Pakistan.
2. Demonstrate fundamental knowledge about the constitution of Pakistan 1973 and it’s evolution with special reference to state
structure.
3. Explain about the guiding principles on rights and responsibilities of Pakistan’s citizens as enshrined in the constitution of
Pakistan 1973.
Syllabus:
1. Introduction to the ideology of Pakistan:
• Definition and significance of ideology.
• Historical context of the creation of Pakistan (with emphasis on socio-political, religious and cultural dynamics of British India
between 1857 till 1947.
• Contributions of founding fathers of Pakistan in the freedom movement including but not limited to Allama Muhammad Iqbal,
Muhammad Ali Jinnah, etc.
• Contributions of women and students in the freedom movement for separate homeland for Muslims of British India.
2. Two-Nation Theory:
• Evolution of the Two-Nation Theory (Urdu-Hindi controversy, partition of Bengal, Simla Deputation 1906, Allama Iqbal’s
Presidential Address 1930, Congress Ministries 1937, Lahore Resolution 1940.
• Role of communalism and religious differences.
3. Introduction to the constitution of Pakistan:
• Definition and importance of a constitution.
• Ideological factors that shaped the constitution of Pakistan (Objectives Resolution 1949).
• Overview of constitutional developments in Pakistan.
4. Constitution and State Structure:
• Structure of Government (Executive, Legislature and Judiciary).
• Distribution of powers between federal and provincial governments.
• 18th Amendment and its impact on federalism.
5. Fundamental Rights, Principles of Policy and Responsibilities:
• Overview of fundamental rights guaranteed to citizens by the Constitution of Pakistan 1973 (Articles 8-28).
• Overview of Principles of Policy (Articles 29-40).

73
 • Responsibilities of the Pakistan citizens (Article 5).
6. Constitutional Amendments:
• Procedures for amending the Constitution.
• Notable constitutional amendments and their implications.
Suggested Books:
1. “The Idea of Pakistan” by Stephen P.Cohen.
2. “Ideology of Pakistan” by Javed Iqbal.
3. “The Struggle for Pakistan” by I.H.Qurashi.
4. “Pakistan the Formative Phase” by Khalid Bin Sayeed.
5. “Ideology of Pakistan” by Sharif -ul-Mujahid.
6. “Pakistan: A New History” by Ian Talbot.
7. “The Constitution of Pakistan 1973” Original.
8. “Constitutional Development in Pakistan” by G.W.Choudhury.
9. “Constitutional and Political Development of Pakistan” by Hamid Khan.
General Education Cluster for InformationandCommunication
Technologies(ICT)**
Gen-Ed-09 InformationandCommunication 1 3(2 1. CS110
Technologies(ICT)** +1) InformationandCommunication
Technologies(ICT)
Course Title: Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
Course Code: CS 110
Pre-requisites: None
Credit Hours: 3 (2+1)
Course Description:
This is an introductory course on Information and Communication Technologies. The course is designed for students with little or no
computer experience. The course introduces ICT and computer concepts, hardware components, basic computer operations and use of
software applications to solve problems. Students will have complete understanding and use of ICT technologies, personal computers,
system, and application software such as Window, Microsoft Office, Internet, WWW, Email and Social Media applications.
Course Outlines:
• Introduction to Computers and ICT
• Data and Information
• Applications of Computer and ICT
• Structure of Computer System (Input and Output Unit, CPU and Memory)
• Types of Computers
• Input devices and Output Devices
• Computer Storage devices (Primary and Secondary Storage)
• Computer software (application and system)
• Operating System and Its Basic Functions
• Introduction to networking, network elements and Types
• Introduction to Database, Characteristics of Relational Database
• Internet applications; www, email.
• Computer Security Threats, Viruses, Worms.
• Number Systems & their Inter-conversion
• Practical Work: Basics of window operating system, MS Word, MS Excell, MS Power Point, MS Access, Internet, WWW,
Email, social media.
Reference Materials:
1. Discovering Computers: Your Interactive Guide to the Digital World by Gary BS and Misty EV, Latest Edition.
2. Introduction to Computers” by Peter Norton, Latest Edition (McGraw Hill)
3. Using Information Technology: A Practical Introduction to Computer &Communications” by Williams Sawyer, Latest Edition
(McGraw Hill).

74
4. Fundamentals of Information Technology, by Alexis Leon and Mathews Leon, Latest Edition.

General education cluster for Entrepreneurship

Gen-Ed-10 Entrepreneurship(No option to the department) 1 02 1. MGT 215 Entrepreneurship
Below is the courser for Entrepreneurship
Course title: Entrepreneurship
Credits: 02 Course Code: MGT215
This course is designed to promote entrepreneurial spirit and outlook among students, encouraging them to think critically, identify
opportunities, and transform their ideas into successful ventures. It aims at imparting them with the requisite knowledge, skills, abilities,
enabling them to seize the identified opportunities for initiating ventures and successful navigating the challenges that come with starting
a business and managing it. The course covers topics relevant to entrepreneurship including setting up and initiation of business, market
research, opportunity identification, business planning, financial literacy for managing finances and securing funding, marketing and
sales, team building and innovation.
By the end of this course, students shall have:
• Knowledge of fundamental entrepreneurial concepts, skills and process.
• Understanding on different personal, social and financial aspects associated with entrepreneurial activities.
• Basic understanding of regulatory requirements to set up an enterprise in Pakistan, with special emphasis on export businesses.
• Ability to apply knowledge, skills and competencies acquired in the course to develop a feasible business plan.
Basic Definitions & Concepts,
Week 1-2 Introduction to Entrepreneurship:
Definition and concept of entrepreneurship.
Why to become an entrepreneur?
Entrepreneurial process.
Role of entrepreneurship in economic development.

Week 3-4 Entrepreneurial Skills:

Characteristics and qualities of success fu I entrepreneurs (including stories of
successes and failures).
Areas of essential entrepreneurial skill and ability such as creative and critical
thinking, innovation and risk taking abilities etc
Week 5 Opportunity Recognition and Idea Generation:
Opportunity identification, evaluation and exploitation.
Innovative idea generation techniques for entrepreneurial ventures.
Week 6-7-8 Marketing and Sales
Target market identification and segmentation.
Four P's of Marketing.
Developing a marketing strategy. Branding.

Week 9 Mid-term Examination

Week 10-11-12 Financial Literacy: Basic concepts of income, savings, and investments.
Basic concepts of assets, liabilities and equity.
Basic concepts of revenue and expenses.
Overview of cash-flows. Overview of banking products including Islamic modes of
financing. Sources of funding for startups (angel financing, debt financing, equity
financing etc.).
Week 13 Team Building for Startups:
Characteristics and features of effective teams.
Team building and effective leadership for startups.
Week 14-15 Regulatory Requirements to Establish Enterprises in Pakistan:

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 Types of enterprises (e.g., sole proprietorship; partnership; private limited companies
etc.). Intellectual property rights and protection.
Regulatory requirements to register an enterprise in Pakistan, with special emphasis on
export firms.
Taxation and financial reporting obligation.
Week 16 Presentation
Week 18 Final-term Examination
Suggested : Practical Activities (Optional)S (OPTIONAL)
As part of the overall learning requirements, students shall be tasked with creating and presenting a comprehensive business plan at the end of
the course for a hypothetical or real business idea. This practical exercise shall allow them to apply the knowledge, skills and competencies
acquires in the course to develop a feasible business plan.
Suggested Readings
- Barringer, B. R., & Ireland, R. D. (2020). Entrepreneurship: Successfully launching new ventures (6th ed.). Pearson Education
- Kuratko, D. F. (2023). Entrepreneurship: Theory, process, and practice (9th ed.). Cengage Learning.
- Spinelli, S., & Adams, R. J. (2016). New venture creation: Entrepreneurship for the 21st century. McGraw-Hill Education.
- Ries, E. (2017). The lean startup: How today's entrepreneurs use continuous innovation to create radically successful
businessesMcGraw-Hill Education.
- Read, S., Sarasvathy, S. D., Dew, N., & Wiltbank, R. (2017). Effectual entrepreneurship. Edward Elgar Publishing

CIVICANDCOMMUNITYENGAGEMENTS
Gen-Ed-11 CivicandCommunityEngagements 1 02 SOC114
The department may offer any course from the given list as per CivicandCommunityEngagements
their requirement. However, the course code SOC114 is an SOC319 Population Dynamics of
approved course for the purpose and is already covered in the Pakistan
BBA course. SW211 Community Volunteerism
SOC227 Social Problems of Pakistan
SOC-231 Human Rights
SOC-324 Conflict Resolution
SW213 Community Social Work,
SW 112 Citizenship Education

Following are the

COURSES IN GENERAL EDUCATION CLUSTER OF CIVIC AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENTS
Course Title: Civic and Community Engagements
Course Code: SOC 114 Credit Hours: 02
Course Objectives:
Teach students the importance and role of active citizenship in promoting a productive, harmonious and developed society/world
• educate students about the importance of concepts, skills and philosophy of community linkages in developing a sustainable
society.
• Inculcate the importance of community involvement for ensuring an improved, tolerant and generative society/world
• provide an opportunity to the students to develop their relationship with the community.
Learning Outcomes:
The primary outcome is inclusive development through active citizenship locally and globally. moreover, the following are the detailed
outcomes of the course based on the three domains of Bloom's Taxonomy i.e Affective, Psychomotor and Cognitive. the students will be
able to:
• understand the overall organization of the society
• Recognize and exercise their rights, responsibilities and the significance of active citizenship in positive societal development
• identify and critically evaluate social issues and implement practicable community base solutions
• understand the concept of human rights and its significance
• appreciate diverse viewpoints and inter-cultural harmony

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Course Outline:
Introduction in Citizenship Education and Community Engagement
• Definition, Meaning & History
• Attributes of Active Citizenship
• Dimensions of Active Citizenship
1) Rights
2) Membership
3) Participation
4) Identity
• Importance of Citizenship Education and community Engagement
Different Approaches of citizenship, Engagement and Education
i. Republican Approach
ii. Liberal Approach
iii. Cosmopolitan Approach

Social Integration through Identity and Self Formation

• Sociological Theories of Self Formation
i. Sigmund Freud Theory
ii. George Herbert Mead Theory
iii. Charles Horton Cooley Theory
Social Harmony through Acceptance of Social Diversity
• Cultural & Religious Harmony
• Pluralism & Diversity
• Inter-Faith Harmony
• Democracy & Democratic Norms
Conflict Resolution of Local & Global Communities
• Concept of Community
• Needs, Issues & Conflicts
• Conflict Resolution
• Communications & Social Networking
• Social Cohesion
• Social Capital
• Local and Global Conflict Resolution Mechanism
• Social Entrepreneurship & Partnership
Community Participation in Project Planning and Management
• Project Cycle
• Community Role in Project Cycle
• Participation, Ownership, Empowerment and Social Harmony
Test and Reference Books:
Suggested Readings:
• Larsen A.K, Sewpaul, V., & Hole, G.O (Eds,) 2013. Participation in community work: International perspectives. Routledge.
• Alan, T. (2008). Community work, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
• British Council (2017) Active Citizen's Social Action Projects Guide (Scotland: British Council.
• Kaye, C.B (2004). The complete guide to service learning; Proven, practical ways to engage student in civic responsibility,
academic curriculum, & Social action. Free Spirit Publishing.
• Hans, R. (1993). Population Studies, Indian Council of Social Science Research, New Delhi.
• Demeny, P., McNicoll, G., & Hodgson, D. (2003). Encyclopedia of population. Hodgson, Dennis (2003). Contemporary Population
Thought
• Peterson, W. (1975). Population, New York, Macmillan.
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF PAKISTAN

77
Course Code: SOC 319 Credit Hours: 02

Course Objectives:
In this course the students will understand relevant concepts regarding population dynamics in Pakistan. It will also enable them to learn
relevant theory and socio-economic and cultural dimensions of population growth. Further the students will study different population
variables including fertility, mortality, migration, urbanization and population control strategies.

CHAPTER-1

Introduction
• Anover of Pakistan’s population
• Demographic data and its utilities
• Sources of population data
• Scope and significance of the subject with relevance to Pakistan

CHAPTER-2

Demographic Process and Variables

Fertility:
• Definition of fertility, Issues and problems related to fertility
• Measurement of fertility, Socio-economic dimensions of fertility

Mortality:
• Definition, Current issues & Measurement of Mortality
• Socio-economic factors/ variables affecting mortality
• Crude Birth rate & Crude Death Rate
Types of Mortality:
• Maternal mortality, Infant mortality, Morbidity
Migration:
• Migration its types and factors of migration
• Consequences of Migration

CHAPTER-3
Theories of population
• Introduction to Demographic transition theories
• Malthusian and anti-Malthusian theory of population
• Critical evaluation of population theories

CHAPTER-4
Population Growth and its Structure in Pakistan
• Historical trends in population growth in Pakistan
• Present population situation
• Geographic Distribution
• Age and Sex Structure
• Future Prospects and Challenges

CHAPTER-5
Elderly and Aging Population
• Elderly and aging in global and national context

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 • Characteristics of elderly
• Problems faced by elderly
• Caring for elderly, social security
• Attitudes towards death and dying and its effects on elderly
• Aging, its characteristics and associated problems

Chapter-6
Population Growth and related Problems in Pakistan
• Family planning, its social acceptance & socio-economic barriers
• Status of family planning in rural and urban areas
• Current facilities and policies of family planning
• Developing countries the demand for children and population control

Chapter-7
Mother and Child Health
• Introduction and Basic concepts
• Mother and Child Health in Global perspective
• Mother and Child Health in Pakistan
• Health and Child health care system, its problems and challenges
• Sociocultural problems in mother and child health in Pakistan
Suggested Readings:

1. Hans, R. (1993). Population Studies, Indian council of Social Research sciences New Delhi;
2. Paul, D. (2003). Geoffrey Mcnicoll Encyclopedia of Population, Macmillan Reference U.S.A (Thomson/Gale);
3. United Nations (2004). Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Retrieved February 13, 2004.

Course Title: Community Volunteerism

Course Code: SW 211 Credit Hours: 2

Course Description:

Community volunteerism is an important field of Social work education. This course will inculcate among students the concept and
practice of volunteerism in Pakistani society. Moreover, this course will familiarize the students with the techniques through which
volunteerism may be promoted in Pakistani society.

Course Objectives:
• To enable students to understand the concept of volunteerism
• To develop the spirit of volunteerism among students
• To develop the techniques of volunteerism among students

Course Contents:

8. Introduction
Definition of volunteerism
Historical background of volunteerism in Pakistani society
Importance of volunteerism
Relationship of volunteerism with Social work

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 9. Types of volunteerism
Formal/Institutional volunteerism
Informal volunteerism

3- Philosophical foundation of volunteerism

Religious
Ethnic
Humanitarian

4- Famous voluntary organizations in Pakistan

Edhi Foundation
Alhidmat Foundation
Ansar Burni Foundation

5-Preparing volunteers for success

Orientation
Training
Training as a benefit for volunteer

6- Skills required for volunteerism

Communication
Leadership
Team work
Organization and planning

7- Services offered by volunteers

Emergency services
Community services
Advocacy

Note: Students registered for this course will have to complete one voluntary activity as an assignment in the semester where this subject
is taught.

Core Readings
5. Rob Jackson, Mike Locke , Eddy Hogg and Rick Lynch. (2019).The Complete Volunteer Management Handbook, Directory of
social change, England
6. Fayaz Baqir. (2012). Evolution of Volunteerism in Pakistan, strengthing participatory organizations.

Course Title: Community Social Work

Course Code: SW 213 Credit Hours: 2
Course objectives
This course is designed for those who want to launch their career in Social and Community Development. It equips the students with
knowledge skills & attitudes that will enable him / her to carry out social development work. The graduates will be involved in
mobilizing community members to come together to take collective action and generate solutions to common problems.
Course description
This course examines the theories, research and interventions that social workers utilize in community practice. Community practitioners
define the scope of their practice in the context of social justice within organizations, neighborhoods and communities applying social
values and the concepts of welfare and development. They seek to improve the lives of people through purposeful change in their
communities. The context of their practice includes but is not limited to housing, safety, environment, education and employment.
Course Contents

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 1. Introduction
▪ Definitions of community and related concepts
▪ Definitions of social work
▪ The Social Work Profession. History, philosophy, ethics and scientific foundation
▪ Social Work Theory and Practice
2. Social Work and Social Development
▪ Social work profession and issues in rural communities
▪ Social work and community empowerment
▪ Various models of community empowerment
3. Social Work with marginalized people
▪ Development and underdevelopment
▪ Social work with women & children
▪ HIV/AIDS and other Pandemics affected people
4. Participatory Project Development and Management.
▪ Concepts, principles, processes and tools in participatory development
▪ Community participation in project and program development, management, monitoring and evaluation.
5. Community Based Organizations
▪ Evolution of CBOs in Pakistan
▪ Role of CBOs in community development
▪ Social Work and CBOs in Pakistan
6. Resource mobilization and Fundraising
▪ Types of resources
▪ Mobilization of resources and community empowerment in rural communities of Pakistan
7. Project management
▪ Project Development for Social Welfare and Community Development.
▪ Development of sustainable people-oriented and gender-sensitive projects.
8. Community Mobilization and Advocacy.
▪ Participatory, gender responsive and rights-based approaches,
▪ Strategies and practices for community mobilization and advocacy
9. Community based disaster risk management
▪ The role of social workers in CBDRM in Pakistan
▪ Women and CBDRM in Pakistan
10. Social Work and Migration.
▪ Labor migration and its social implications on society
▪ Appropriate social welfare responses at the individual, community, and policy levels.
Suggested readings:
1. Webb, N. B. (2019). Social work practice with children. Guilford Publications.
2. Gamble, D. N., & Weil, M. (2009). Community practice skills: Local to global perspectives. Columbia University Press.
3. Chetkow-Yanoov, B. H. (2014). Social work practice: A systems approach. Routledge.
4. Lawson, H. A. (2005). Empowering people, facilitating community development, and contributing to sustainable development:
The social work of sport, exercise, and physical education programs. Sport, education and society, 10(1), 135-160.
5. Hardcastle, D. A., Powers, P. R., & Wenocur, S. (2004). Community practice: Theories and skills for social workers. Oxford
University Press, USA.
6. Mayo, M. (2002). Community work. In Practicing social work (pp. 67-79). Routledge.
7. Hardcastle, D. A., Powers, P. R., & Wenocur, S. (2004). Community practice: Theories and skills for social workers. Oxford
University Press, USA.
8. Delgado, M., & Humm-Delgado, D. (2013). Asset assessments and community social work practice. Oxford University Press.
9. Pyles, L. (2007). Community organizing for post-disaster social development: Locating social work. International social
work, 50(3), 321-333.
10. Brown, A., & Bourne, I. (1995). The social work supervisor: Supervision in community, day care, and residential settings.
McGraw-Hill Education (UK).
11. Weil, M. O. (1996). Community building: Building community practice. Social work, 41(5), 481-499.

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 HUMAN RIGHTS

Course Code: SOC231 Credit Hours: 02

Course Objectives:
There is serious concern regarding basic human rights violation in general and in the third world in particular. The course of the
sociology of human rights has been framed with the objective to provide information regarding the understanding of the philosophy of
human rights in the local, national and international context. The students will then be promptly aware of the rights of the citizens,
minority, children, prisoners, women etc and they shall then adopt better mechanism for Social Legislations-Constitutional provisions in
favor of such deprived communities. Law relating to compulsory primary education, employment, labor legislations, health for all, social
security, insurance schemes, human rights, trafficking in women and children and Legislations initiated by State Legislative Bodies shall
be looked through the eyes that they shall meet regional, local and international social welfare needs.
Course Outline:
1. Introduction
• Introduction and definition of Human Rights
• Historical background of human rights
• Need and importance of human rights in Pakistan
2. Human Rights and Islam
• Islam and human rights
• Human rights in Quran
• The Hadith and Human Rights
3. Classification of Human Rights
• Collective Rights
• Ethnic and minority rights
• Fundamental Rights
• Constitutional rights
4. Internal Organization and Human Rights
• Women rights and CEDAW(Convention on the Elimination of All kind of Discrimination Against Women)
• Rights of the child (CRC)
• Rights of Minorities ( Declaration on the rights of persons belonging to minorities 1992)
• Rights of the refugees ( convention relating to the status of refugee 1951)
1. Human Rights in Pakistan
• Fundamental rights of the citizens in Pakistan
• Women rights in the constitution
• Child rights in the constitution
• Constitution and the minority.
2. Present Condition of Human Rights in Pakistan
• Violation Of Human Rights In Pakistan
• Human Trafficking
• Women Rights Violation
• Rights Of Children Violation
• Prisoner’s Rights Violation
• Labor Rights
3. Human Rights and United Nation
• Introduction of UNO
• Charter based organs
• International instruments ( UN charter, Universal declaration of human rights, international covenant on civil and political rights
1966, international covenant on economic, social and cultural rights 1966)
• The UNICEF, UNHCR & ILO

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Suggested Readings:
1) Ahmad, K., & Khan, A. S. (1976). Human Rights in Islam (translation) Islamic foundation.
2) Brownlie, I. (2003). Principles of Public International Law (6th ed.). OUP.
3) Doebbler, C. F. J. (2006). Introduction to International Human Rights Law. Cd Publishing.
4) Donnelly, J. (2003). Universal Human Rights in Theory and Practice (2nd ed.). Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

SOCIAL PROBLEMS OF PAKISTAN

Course Code: SOC227 Credit Hours: 02

Objectives of Course:
The course provides a general understanding about the existing and emerging social problems of Pakistan.
Introduction:
• Introduction and definition,
• Sociological explanation of social problem,
• Various steps for the solution of social problem,
Contemporary Major Social Problems in Pakistan
• Population growth, Poverty, Unemployment, Drug addiction, Crime and juvenile delinquency, Urbanization, Illiteracy, Gender
disparity, Child labor, Sectarianism, Age and ageism, Environmental degradation, Political instability, Terrorism and
Extremism, Extortion and Vandalism
Suggested Readings:
James M. Henslin (2005) Social Problems. McGrwahill USA
Chaudhry, Muhammad Iqbal (2000) Pakistani society, Lahore
SFrank R. Scarpatti . Social Problems. Mecmillin USA.
CONFLICT RESOLUTION

Course Code: SOC118 Credit Hours: 02

Course Objectives:
This course will identify a range of conflict resolution approaches with special focus on negotiation, mediation, and advocacy. It will
enable the students to study models of social work practice – radical, ecological, systems, generalist, and problem-solving approaches.
The course will help the students to explore the theoretical basis for a conflict resolution approaches and techniques.
Course Outline:
1. Introduction
• Review of Judicial System
• Court structure and subject matter jurisdiction
• Progress of a case through the system
• Analysis of benefits and detriments of the judicial system
• Alternative Dispute Resolution Mechanisms
• Client/attorney perspectives
• Advantages and disadvantages
• General types of ADR defined
2. Hybrid Process
• Mediation/Arbitration
• Summary Jury Trials
• Minitrials
• Early Neutral Evaluation
• Special Masters
3. Mediation and Its Training
• Introduction and Goals

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• Conflicts: causes and responses
• Elements of Mediation
• Issue identification and Prioritizing
• Timing and climate setting
• Forms and Functions
• Skills Training
• Philosophical and Ethical Issues
4. Arbitration
• The Process, the Participants, the Neutrals and the Authority
• Arbitration Act
• Substantive Areas of Law Where Applied: Labor and Employment, Automobile, Construction, Business Insurance, Securities, etc.
5. Role of the Mediator
• Objectives before and during the mediation process
• Reducing defensive communication
• Essential qualities necessary
• Common errors
• Role play
6. Conducting a Mediation Session
• Case preparation
• Opening statements to parties
• Explanation of process and role of mediator
• Ground rules
• Confidentiality
• Role play
7. Common Problem Areas
• Dealing with impasse
• Summarizing issues
• Hostile parties
• Manipulative parties
• Social service needs and referrals
• Role play
8. Negotiation
• The Process and Outcome of Negotiation
• Tactics, Techniques and Skills of Negotiation
• Ethical Issues in Negotiation
• Application: from Individual Use in Business to Courtroom Tactics
• Service Learning Component: District Court
Suggested Readings:
• Bernadine, V. G. (2005). Managing Workplace Conflict: Alternative Dispute Resolution in Australia.
• Carsten, K. W. (n.d.). The Psychology Conflict Management and Conflict in Organizations.
• Craig, E. R., & Tim, A. F. (2006). Becoming a Conflict Competent Leader: How You and Your Organization Can.
• Doak, R. S. (2003). Conflict Resolution. Raintree Press.
o James, A. S. (1996). Conflict Resolution: Theory, Research and Practice. State University of New York Press.

Course Title: Citizenship Education

Course code: SW 112 Credit Hours: 2
Course description

Citizenship education is the practical study and knowledge of the legal rights, virtues, privileges and obligations of citizens vis-à-vis their

84
role in the socio-cultural, political, economic and democratic development of their state/country.
Course Objectives:
• Teaches students the principles of good citizenship
• Familiarize the students with the rights and responsibilities of citizens
• Enlighten students about the role of citizen in the socio-economic, cultural and political development of their societies.
• Inculcate the importance of Citizens’ involvement for ensuring an improved, tolerant and generative society/world
Learning Outcomes

The primary outcome is inclusive development through active citizenship locally and globally. Besides, following are the envisaged
outcomes of the course.
• Produce Good and Patriotic and Law Abiding Citizens
• The study of citizenship education helps to inculcate into the citizens, values, virtues and norms that make them have a spirit of
national consciousness and love for the state/country to which they belong.
• This spirit of love and commitment to one's state/country makes citizens always stand in defense of their country against selfish
interests by protecting their territorial integrity.
• Equips Citizens with Political Ideals and also insights and awakens citizens' political consciousness and awareness through the
study of political rights and other leadership roles.
• Knowledge and Understanding of Human Rights
• Citizenship education helps to impart to the citizen's basic democratic values and norms, which when applied properly to the
running of government and its agencies/institutions will not only enhance their operations but will certainly promote good
governance.
• Promotes Nation Building and National Unity:
• Citizenship education imparts core societal values and norms like tolerance, cooperation, patriotism, friendship, trust integrity,
respect for constituted authority etc, which help in promoting national unity.
Chapter-1. Introduction to citizenship education
• Definition of Citizenship
• Types of Citizenship
• Attributes of Active Citizenship
• Importance of citizenship Education

Chapter-2. Active Citizenship: Locally Active and Globally Connected

• Importance of active citizenship at national and global level
• Identification of resources (human, natural others)
• Utilization of resources for development ( community participation)
• Planning for development (community linkages and mobilization)
Chapter-3. Rights and Duties of citizens
• Introduction to human rights
• Rights of Women, Children, Minorities and other groups
• Human rights in constitution of Pakistan
• Citizens, duties and responsibilities (Legal, Moral)
• Current human rights issues in Pakistan
• Role of Civil societies and groups in the promotion of Human Rights
Chapter-4. Role and responsibilities of Citizens in prevention and solution of Social Issues in Pakistan
• Introduction to the concept of social problem
• Causes and solutions
• Social issues in Pakistan (poverty, equal and equitable access of resources, unemployment, agricultural problems, terrorism &
,militancy, governance issues, corruption, ethic & sectarian issues, illiteracy, dowry, child labour, gender discrimination,
substance abuse and others)
Chapter- 5. Active Citizenship: Conflict Resolution Skills
• Defining conflict and conflict resolution

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 • Identifying the causes of conflicts (prejudice, Discrimination, Stereotypes, Cultural differences)
• Key conflicts in Pakistan
• Ways of resolving Conflicts (Negotiation, Mediation, Arbitration, Adjudication, Legislation)

Chapter-6. Social Harmony through Acceptance of Social Diversity

• Cultural & Religious Harmony
• Pluralism & Diversity
• Inter-Faith Harmony
• Democracy & Democratic Norms
Chapter-7. Citizens and Environmental Care
• Defining the term environment
• Man and natural environment
• Effects of human activities on Environment locally and globally
• Good practices for the promotion of Environmental sustainability

Chapter-8. Tolerance
• Defining tolerance
• Social, Religious and Political Causes of intolerance in Pakistani Society
• Identifying key components that promote tolerance.
Recommended Readings
• Alan, T. (2008). Community work, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
• British Council (2017) Active Citizen's Social Action Projects Guide (Scotland: British
Council.
• Demeny, P., McNicoll, G., & Hodgson, D. (2003). Encyclopedia of population. Hodgson,
• Dennis (2003). Contemporary Population Thought
• Hans, R. (1993). Population Studies, Indian Council of Social Science Research, New Delhi.
• Kaye, C.B (2004). The complete guide to service learning; Proven, practical ways to engage student in civic responsibility, academic
curriculum, & Social action. Free Spirit Publishing.
• Larsen A.K, Sewpaul, V., & Hole, G.O (Eds,) 2013. Participation in community work: International perspectives. Routledge
• Peterson, W. (1975). Population, New York, Macmillan.
• Srinivasan, k. (1998). Basic demographic techniques and applications. SAGE Publications Pvt. Limited.
• Todaro, M.P. (1977). Economic Development in the Third WOrld: An introduction to problems and policies in a global perspective.
Pearson Education.
• United Nations Economic Commission for Europe-Official Web site
• UNO (2000). Population trends, World Population Monitoring, Populaiton growth Structure and Distribution 1999. Department of
Economics and Social Affairs, Population Division, UNO.
• Weeks, J. R. (1992). Population: An Introduction to Concepts and Issues, Belmart California, Wadsworth Publishing Company.

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