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exp7

The document is a laboratory manual for a traffic light controller system experiment using a 555 timer. It outlines the aims, theory, and procedure for designing a digital system that manages traffic lights at an intersection, detailing the operation of the 555 timer in both monostable and astable modes. The experiment includes creating a timing circuit with specific requirements for light durations and transitions.

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MUHAMMED AL-MAHDI
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8 views5 pages

exp7

The document is a laboratory manual for a traffic light controller system experiment using a 555 timer. It outlines the aims, theory, and procedure for designing a digital system that manages traffic lights at an intersection, detailing the operation of the 555 timer in both monostable and astable modes. The experiment includes creating a timing circuit with specific requirements for light durations and transitions.

Uploaded by

MUHAMMED AL-MAHDI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mark Student's names Signature

Al-Kufa University
Engineering College
Electronic And Communication Department
3rd stage
LABORATORY MANUAL

Experiment 7
Traffic Light Controller System
Case study 3
Part1

Prepared by:
Asst.lec. Muhiialdin M.ridha

2023-2024

1
1. Aims:
 To understand how to set up a 555 timer as a one-shot.
 To design and implement simple traffic light controller project as an example of digital
systems.

2. Theory :
In this experiment a digital system that control a traffic light at the intersection of a
busy main street and an occasionally used side street is going to be designed. The priority for
cars to pass will be of course for the main street where the green light will be at least 10s on
or as long as there is no vehicle on the side street. The side street will have a green light until
there is no vehicle on the side street or for maximum of 10 s. In the design, there must be a
caution light (yellow) for 3s between changes from green to red on both main and side streets.
These requirement are illustrated in the diagram below.

From the requirements, you can develop a block diagram of the system. First, you
know that the system must control six different pairs of lights. These are the red, yellow,
and green lights for both directions on the main street and the red, yellow, and green lights
for both directions on the side street. Also, you know that there is one external input (other
than power) from a side street vehicle sensor. The figure below is a minimal block diagram
showing these requirements.

2
In this experiment the timing circuit will be designed. The timing circuit consists of two
parts 4s and 10s timers as well as a clock generator. The 4s and 10s timers are implemented
using 555 IC and the clock will be taken from the signal generator device.

2.1 The 555 Timer

The 555 timer is a versatile and widely used IC device because it can be
configured in two different modes as either a monostable multivibrator (one-shot) or
as an astable multivibrator (oscillator). An astable multivibrator has no stable states
and therefore changes back and forth (oscillates) between two unstable states
without any external triggering. While monostable multivibrator needs an external
trigger.

3
2.1.1 Basic Operation

The 555 Timers name comes from the fact that there are three 5kΩ resistors
connected together internally producing a voltage divider network between the supply
voltage at pin 8 and ground at pin 1. The voltage across this series resistive network
holds the negative inverting input of comparator two at 2/3Vcc and the positive non-
inverting input to comparator one at 1/3Vcc.

A functional diagram below showing the internal components of a 555 timer.


The comparators are devices whose outputs are HIGH when the voltage on the
positive (+) input is greater than the voltage on the negative (-) input and LOW
when the – input voltage is greater than the + input voltage. The voltage divider
consisting of three 5 k resistors provides a trigger level of 1/3Vcc and a threshold
level of 2/3Vcc. The control voltage input (pin 5) can be used to externally adjust the
trigger and threshold levels to other values if necessary. When the normally HIGH
trigger input momentarily goes below 1/3Vcc.

the output of comparator B switches from LOW to HIGH and sets the S-R
latch, causing the output (pin 3) to go HIGH and turning the discharge transistor Q,
off. The output will stay HIGH until the normally LOW threshold input goes above
2/3Vcc and causes the output of comparator A to switch from LOW to HIGH. This
resets the latch, causing the output to go back LOW and turning the discharge
transistor on. The external reset input can be used to reset the latch independent of
the threshold circuit. The trigger and threshold inputs (pins 2 and 6) are controlled
by external components connected to produce either monostable or astable action.

4
2.1.2 Monostable (one shot) operation

An external resistor R1 and capacitor C1 connected as shown in the Figure


below are used to set up the 555 timer as a one-shot. The pulse width of the output
is determined by the time constant of R₁ and C₁ according to the following formula:

3. Procedure:

1. From the block diagram in section 2.1.2, design and connect a 10s timer by
choosing suitable values for R1 and C1.

2. Replace the switch button in your design by an electronic triggering circuit.


The trigger circuit should be able to convert a constant 5v into a one short
pulse.

3. Draw your full circuit design with details.

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