PRATHYUSHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(An Autonomous Institution)

Aranvoyalkuppam, Poonamalle-Tiruvallur Road, Tiruvallur Dist — 602 025

241GES211L - BASIC ELECTRICAL AND

ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING LABORATORY

LAB MANUAL
(REGULATION 2024)

Academic Year

2024 -2025

Even Semester

Prepared by
Dr.S.Manoj ,
Assistant Professor /EEE
 SYLLABUS

BASIC ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING LABORATORY

LTPC
003 3

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

S.No. NAME OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Fluorescent lamp wiring

2. Staircase wiring

3. Fabricate and test a PCB layout for a given circuit

4. Study of Single-Phase Energy meter

5. Study of earth resistance measurement using Megger

6. Verification of Kirchhoff’s Laws.

7. Characteristics of PN Diode

8. Characteristics of BJT

9. Half wave and Full Wave rectifiers

10. Study of Logic Gates

TOTAL: 60 PERIODS
BASIC ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING LABORATORY
EXP NO: 1
DATE :
FLUORESCENT LAMP WIRING

Aim:
To prepare wiring for a fluorescent tube light with switch control.

Tools Required:
1. Screw driver 2. Hammer 3. Pliers 4. Line tester

Components Required:
1. Switch 2. Tube light with fitting 3. Joint clips
4. Wires 5. Screws 6. Switch board

Working of the Fluorescent Tube Light:

The fluorescent lamp circuit consists of a choke, a starter, a fluorescent tube and a
frame. The length of the commonly used fluorescent tube is 100 cm; its power rating
is 40 W and 230V. The tube is filled with argon and a drop of mercury. When the
supply is switched on, the current heats the filaments and initiates emission of
electrons. After one or two seconds, the starter circuit opens and makes the choke to
induce a momentary high voltage surge across the two filaments. Ionization takes
place through argon and produces bright light.
Procedure:
1. Mark the switch and tube light location points and draw lines for wiring on the
wooden board.
2. Place wires along the lines and fix them with the help of clips.
3. Fix the switch and tube light fitting in the marked positions.
4. Complete the wiring as per the wiring diagram.
5. Test the working of the tube light by giving electric supply to the
Circuit.
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM – FLUORESCENT LAMP

STARTER

40 W, 230 V

HOLDER FLUOR ESC EN TTUBE

TUBE HOLDER
FLUORESCENT TUBE

CHOKE 1 - WAY

SWITCH

Single phase,
AC 230V
50 Hz
AC
P N

Result:
The wiring for the tube light is completed and tested.
EXP NO: 2
DATE :
STAIR CASE WIRING

Aim:
To wire for a stair case arrangement using a two-way switch.

Tool Required:
1. Screw driver 2.Hammer 3.Pliers 4.Line tester

Components Required:
1. Two-way switches 2. Bulb holders 3. Bulbs
4. Joint clips 5. Wires 6. Screws
7. Ceiling rose and 8. Switch board

Procedure:
1. Mark switch and bulb location points and draw lines for wiring on the wooden Board.
2. Place wires along the lines and fix them with the help of clips.
3. Fix the two-way switches and bulb holder in the marked position on the wooden Board.
4. Complete the wiring as per the wiring diagram.
5. Test the working of the bulbs by giving electric supply to the circuit.

Theory:

A two switch is installed near the first step of the stairs. The other two way switch is
installed at the upper part where the stair ends. The light point is provided between first and last
stair at an adequate location and height if the lower switch switches on the light. The switch at the
top or vice versa can switch it off. Two number of two way switches are used for the purpose. The
supply is given to the switch at the short circuited terminals. The connection to the light point is
taken from the similar short circuited terminal of the second switch; other two independent
terminals of each circuit are connected through cables.
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM --STAIRCASE WIRING

N 60 Watts Lamp

Single Phase,
230V 50 Hz
AC Voltage

FUSE

P 10 A

TWO WAY SWITCH-1 TWO WAY SWITCH- 2

TABULATION

SWITCH POSITION LAMP

CONDITION
SWITCH- 1 SWITCH- 2

OF
OFF OFF F
ON OFF ON
OFF ON ON
OF
ON ON F

Result:
The staircase wiring is completed and tested.
Exp No: 3
DATE :
FABRICATE AND TEST A PCB LAYOUT FOR A GIVEN CIRCUIT.

Aim:
To fabricate and test a PCB layout on the full wave rectifier circuit and to measure voltage drop across resistive
network.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED:

S.No Component Range Quantit

y
1 PCB for full wave rectifier and 10w(or)35w 1
voltage drop resistive network
2 Digital multi meter (DMM)- 60/40 grade 1
3 Resistors 1 kΩ ,500 Ω,10 kΩ,4.7 k, 2.2 1
kΩ,22 kΩ
4 AC power supply, connecting - 1
wires
5 soldering kit - 1

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:
1) Assembling the circuit
• Assemble the circuit by placing the diode, capacitor, connector and resistors in the PCB as
per the assembly diagram shown in the figure.
• Bend the resistors lead to the appropriate size before inserting them into the board.
• Solder the resistor on bottom side of PCB board using soldering iron.
2) Testing the circuit
a) Connect the AC source from step down transformer to jumper J1 and J2.
b) Connect the positive terminals of multimeter to point TP1 and negative terminal to GND.
c) Measure the voltage V1 between TP1 and GND
e) Measure the voltage across the Load resistor and note the values in the table below.

Resistor Resistor value Voltage value

RL V(RL)=

Vout=( VRL)= --------- V

Result:

Thus the full wave rectifier circuit was assembled and tested and voltage drop across
resistive network is measured.
 EXP NO: 4
DATE :
STUDY OF SINGLE – PHASE ENERGY METER
Aim:
To measure Energy consumed in a single phase circuit using Energy meter.

Apparatus required:

SL.NO. Components Required Range Type Quantity

Ammeter (0-10) MI
1 1
Load
2 ------ LAMP --
Volt meter (0-300)
3 MI 1
Energy Meter
4 1 Ph,300V, 10A -- 1
Autotransformer 1KVA
5 230/(0-240) V 1PH 1

Formula used:
1200 Rev = 1kwhr
For N Rev
1 1 Rev =1x1000x3600 = 3000(Watt-sec)
Indicated energy (Ei) = N x 3000 (Watt-sec)
1200
% Error = (EI - Ea) x100

EI

Calculated energy:
( Ea) = (VL x IL) x T (Watt-sec)

Where VL- Load viltage IL-Load current

TABULATION:

Volt meter Time taken Calculated Indicated

Ammeter readings
S.NO readings for
(Amps) Energy (Ea) Energy (Ei )
(Volts) 5 Rev(Sec)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Procedure:
1. Connections are made as per circuit diagram.
2. Supply is switched on and load is applied and Ammeter, Voltmeter readings
and Time taken by the discs for particular number of revolution are noted using
stop Watch.
3. Step 2 is repeated for various load conditions.
4.% Error is calculated

RESULT:
Thus energy consumed in a single phase circuit is measured.
EXP NO: 5
DATE :
STUDY OF EARTH RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT USING MEGGER
 EXP NO: 6
DATE :
VERIFICATION OF KIRCHHOFF’S LAWS

EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF KIRCHHOFF’S VOLTAGE AND CURRENT LAWS

A) VERIFICATION OF OHM’S LAW

AIM
To verify the Ohm’s law theoretically and practically for a given circuit.

APPARATUS REQUIRED
S.NO APPARATUS RANGE TYPE QTY

1. DC Regulated power supply (0-30V),2A - 1

2. Ammeter (0-30mA) MC 1

3. Voltmeter (0-30V) MC 1

4. Resistance 1KΩ ,1/4W - 1

5. Bread board - - 1

6. Connecting wires - - As required

STATEMENT
The Ohm’s law states that the voltage (V) across the two terminals of a conductor is directly
proportional to the current (I) flowing through it, at constant temperature.
FORMULA
Voltage (V) = Current (I) X Resistance(R)
Where,
R- Proportionality constant
PROCEDURE
1. The connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2. Switch ON the RPS and increase the applied voltage in steps and note down the current flowing
through the resistor and voltage across the resistor.
3. The same procedure is repeated for different values of applied voltage.
4. The same procedure is repeated for different values of applied resistances also.
5. The observed readings are tabulated.
KIRCHOFF’S CURRENT LAW

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

TABULATION

S Measured Current in mA Theoretical Current in mA

Applied
.
voltage o
N
(Volts) i
o

Calculation
B) VERIFICATION OF KIRCHOFF’S LAWS
AIM
To verify the Kirchoff’s current law and voltage law theoretically and practically for a given
circuit
APPARATUS REQUIRED

S.NO APPARATUS RANGE Type QNTY

(0-
1. DC Regulated power supply 1
30V),2A
2. Ammeter (0-10mA) MC 1
3. Ammeter (0-25mA) MC 2
4. Voltmeter (0-5V) MC 3
(470Ω,33
0Ω,220Ω,
5. Resistance - Each one
560Ω,100
Ω), 1/4W
6. Bread board - - 1
7. Connecting wires - - As required

STATEMENT

KIRCHHOFF’S CURRENT LAW: Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL) states that the algebraic sum of
currents entering and leaving at a node is zero.

KIRCHHOFF’S VOLTAGE LAW: Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL) states that the algebraic sum
of all voltages around a closed path (or loop) is zero.
KIRCHHOFF’S VOLTAGE LAW

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

TABULATION

S Theoretical Voltage in volts

Measured Voltage in volts (V)
. Applied (V)
Nvoltage (V)
o

Calculation
PROCEDURE

Current Law:

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram

2. Apply various voltages by using RPS and note down the currents I1,I2 and I3 for the
corresponding voltages
3. Find the current through each resistor theoretically.

Voltage Law:

1. Connections are made as per the Circuit Diagram

2. Apply various voltages by using RPS and note down the corresponding voltages V1, V2 and V3.
3. Find the Voltage across each resistor theoretically.

RESULT

(A) Thus the Ohm’s law is verified theoretically and practically for the given circuit.
(B) Thus the Kirchhoff’s laws are verified theoretically and practically for the given circuit.
EXP NO: 7
DATE :
CHARACTERISTICS OF PN JUNCTION DIODE
EXP NO: 8
DATE :
CHARACTERISTICS OF BJT
EXP NO: 9A
DATE :
HALF WAVE RECTIFIER
EXP NO: 9B
DATE :
FULL WAVE RECTIFIER
EX.NO. 10 STUDY AND VERIFICATION OF LOGIC GATES

Aim:
To verify the truth table of the logic gates AND, OR, NOT, NAND & NOR using 74XX ICs.
Components Required:
IC 7432(OR Gate)
IC 7408(AND Gate)
IC 7404(NOT Gate)
IC 7486(EXOR Gate)
Digital IC trainer kit

Theory:
Logic gates are digital circuits with one or more input signals and only one output signal. Gates are
digital circuits because the input and output signals are either low or high voltages. Gates are often
called logic circuits because they can be analysed using Boolean algebra
AND Gate:
An AND gate can have two or more inputs but only one output. Its output can go to logic 1 if all its
inputs are at the high state.
The Boolean expression for a two input AND gate is: F=x.y
OR Gate:

An OR gate can have two or more inputs but only one output. Its output will be at logic 1 if any
or both of its inputs are at the high state.

The Boolean expression for a two input OR gate is: F = x + y

NOT Gate:
A NOT gate has a single input and a single output. It is also called as an inverter.
The output will be at logic 1 if its input is at low state, otherwise its output will be at
logic 0. Thus its output is the complement of its input.

Boolean expression F=x’

Ex OR Gate:

An Ex-OR gate performs the following Boolean function, A B F= (A. B’) +

(A’. B)

It is similar to OR gate but excludes the combination of both A and B being equal to one.

The exclusive OR is a function that give an output signal ‘0’ when the two input signals are

equal either ‘0’ or ‘1’.

Procedure:
1. Connections are given as per the logic diagrams and the pin-out diagrams of the individual ICs.
2. Supply and ground connections are given to the ICs.
3. Inputs are applied by using the switches that provide the logic High and Low levels.
4. The outputs are observed by using the LED’s.

Result:
Thus the logic gates AND, OR, NOT and EOR and are studied and their truth tables verified.