Detailed Lesson Plan

Quarter 2
(Grade 11 Physical Science)

Teacher: Tricia Mae M. Lutirte

I. Objectives
A. Content Standard: How Galileo used his discoveries in mechanics (and astronomy) to
address scientific objections to the Copernican model.
B. Learning competency: Explain how Galileo inferred that objects in vacuum fall with uniform
acceleration, and that force is not necessary to sustain horizontal motion. (S11/12PS-IVc-
47).
Learning Objectives: In this lesson, the students will:
a. Describe the different types of motion, including distance, displacement, speed,
velocity, acceleration, free fall, and projectile motion.
b. Express appreciation for the role of Galileo’s insights in understanding motion and
its applications in daily life.
c. Solve problems related to motion using appropriate formulas and computational
skills.
II. Content
A. Topic: Motion of Objects
III. Learning Resources
A. References
1. Religioso, T.F., & Cordero-Navaza, D. (2017). You and the Natural World- Physical
Science. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. Quezon Avenue, Quezon City
2. Department of Education Central Office. Most Essential Learning Competencies (2020)
3. Department of Education. Project EASE Physics Module 10: Force and Motion (Learning
Resource Management Development Systems, 2003)
B. Other Learning Materials
1. PowerPoint presentation or visual aids
2. Pictures or videos
3. Worksheets for group activities
4. Whiteboard and markers
C. Teaching Strategy
1. 4A’s Approach
2. Student-Centered
3. Cooperative Learning
4. Inquiry-Based Learning
5. ICT Integration
 Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

A. Preliminaries

”Good morning, class! Before we begin, may a request

(student) to lead us a prayer”.

“Thank you (student)”

“Good morning, teacher! We’re
“You may take your seats. Good morning class! How are your doing well.”
today? Before anything else let’s check your attendance first.
Raise your hand and say ‘present’ when your name is called.” “Present!”

Yesterday, I gave you a Venn diagram activity comparing

Aristotle’s and Galileo’s views on motion. Now, let's check your
work. I have here a piece of paper with different views on
motion written on it. I want you to paste each statement under
the correct scientist to whom the view belongs.

Views on Motion:
1. Projectile motion of object moves in a parabolic path.
2. Heavier object fall faster than lighter one.
3. Objects that moves downward is independent of their mass.
4. Objects will continue moving unless external force acts on
them.
5. Projectile motion of object is parallel to the ground which just
naturally fall back to the ground.
6. Force is required to maintain horizontal motion.
7. Objects moving in a straight line at constant speed requires
no force to keep moving.

Aristotle's Views on Motion:

2. Heavier objects fall faster than lighter ones.
5. Projectile motion of an object is parallel to the ground, which
just naturally falls back to the ground.
6. Force is required to maintain horizontal motion.

Galileo's Views on Motion:

1. Projectile motion of an object moves in a parabolic path.
3. Objects that move downward are independent of their mass.
4. Objects will continue moving unless an external force acts
on them.
7. Objects moving in a straight line at constant speed require
no force to keep moving.

Very good! Today we’re going to explore a new topic but

before that let’s have an activity first.
 B. Activity

Motion Concepts

C. Analysis

Great job, everyone! I can see that you were all focused on
finding the words in the puzzle. Now, let’s take a look at the
words you found.

1. What words did you find in the puzzle?

2. What do you think these words have in common?
3. Do you already have an idea about what our lesson will be?
D. Abstraction

There are several physical quantities that helps described

motion of objects. Here are some of them:

1. Distance is the length of the path travelled from starting

point to final point.
symbol: ∆𝑑
S.I unit: m

Sample Problem:
A person walks 3km east, then 4km north. What is the total
distance travelled?

Given:
3km east
4km north
Solution:
Total distance = 3km + 4km = 7km

2. Displacement is the length of the part travelled from the

starting point to final point with consideration to the direction.
symbol: ∆ 𝑑
S.I unit: m

Displacement = Final Position − Initial Position

d = xf − xi

where:

 xf = final position
 xi = initial position

Sample Problem:
A car moves 50m east, then 20m west. What is its
displacement?

Given:
50m east
20m west

Solution:
Displacement = 50m - 20m = 30m east
3. Speed is the rate at which distance is covered.
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙
symbol: 𝑣 = ∆𝑑
∆𝑡
S. I. unit: m/s

Sample Problem:
A car covers 150 meters in 5 seconds. What is its speed?

Solution:
Speed = 150 = 30m/s
5

4. Velocity is the displacement in a given time interval.

𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙
v =∆𝑑
∆𝑡
S.I. unit: m/s

Sample Problem:
A cyclist moves 500meters north in 50 seconds. What is their
velocity?
Solution:
velocity = 500 = 10 m/s north
50
5. Acceleration is a measure of how fast thfor moe velocity
changes with respect to time. Accelerating means moving
faster/moving slower and/or changing direction.
𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙
symbol: 𝑎 = ∆𝑣
∆𝑡
S.I. unit: m/s2

Sample Problem:
A motorcycle starts at 10 m/s and speeds up to 25 m/s in 5
seconds. What is its acceleration?

Solution:
a = vf – vi
t
a = 25 – 10
5
a = 15 = 3m/s^2
5

6. Free fall- a body in vertical motion where gravity is the only

force acting on it. It could be an object thrown upward (positive
initial velocity), thrown downward (negative initial velocity) or
dropped (zero initial velocity).
-9.8 m/s2
7. Projectile- a body or a particle in two-dimensional motion
given an initial velocity and it moves along a curved path under
the influence of gravity alone.

In recent times, the motion of falling bodies has been studied

with great precision. When air resistance can be neglected, all
bodies experience equal acceleration regardless of their size
and weight. This constant acceleration g is called the
acceleration due to gravity. The standard value of g at or near
the earth’s surface is approximately 9.8 m/s2.

Objects in Vacuum Fall with Uniform Acceleration

Galileo was interested by the behavior of falling objects. He

knew that as falling objects go down, they increase their speed
as they go down. This change in speed is acceleration.
Although he did not have any tool to measure this change, so
he used inclined planes to reduce the acceleration of the
moving bodies. He was then able to take a close look at the
moving bodies carefully.
With his experiments, Galileo proved that regardless of their
masses and air resistance two objects dropped simultaneously
will reach the ground at the same time. He also discovered that
objects fall with uniform acceleration.

On his experiment, he had observed the following:

1. After every second, a ball rolling down an inclined plane

increases its speed by the same value.
Table 2. Galileo’s Data on a Free Fall Experiment
Acceleration
Time (s) Speed (m/s)
(m/s2)
0 0
1 2 ≈2
2 4 ≈2
3 6 ≈2
4 8 ≈2
6 10 ≈2
2. The acceleration of the rolling ball increases as the inclined
plane becomes steeper.
3. When the inclined plane was positioned vertically, the rolling
ball has maximum acceleration.

Galileo Galilei's Leaning Tower of Pisa Experiment was a

famous demonstration in physics that challenged the long-held
Aristotelian belief that heavier objects fall faster than lighter
ones. According to historical accounts, around 1589–1592,
Galileo dropped two spheres of different masses from the
Leaning Tower of Pisa to observe their motion. Contrary to
Aristotle’s claim, both objects hit the ground at the same time,
proving that an object’s mass does not affect its free-fall
acceleration (ignoring air resistance).
What is uniform or constant acceleration?
For Galileo, constant acceleration means steady, incremental
additions of velocity evenly proportionate to time. The following
graphs show the comparison between motion of objects with
constant velocity no object with constant acceleration.

Comparison Between Constant Velocity and Constant

Acceleration

 Positive velocity-indicates the object moves toward the

positive direction. [The object moves in the positive
direction (e.g., a car moving forward at 10 m/s).]
 Negative velocity- indicates the object moves toward
the negative direction. [The object moves in the
negative direction (e.g., a car reversing at -10 m/s).]
 Positive acceleration-indicates the object is speeding
up.
 Negative acceleration-indicates the object is slowing
down.

To have a constant velocity, an object must have a constant

speed (steady) in a constant direction. If an object maintains a
constant or a uniform change in its velocity in a given time
interval along a straight line, then it is said to have a constant
acceleration.

Force is Not Necessary to Sustain Horizontal Motion

Aristotle believed that forces are necessary to keep objects in
motion. Although a force is needed to start an object moving,
Galileo believed that force was not necessary to sustain motion
and did this experiment:
Galileo rolled balls down inclined planes and observed and
recorded the gain in speed as the rolling continued. On
downward-sloping planes, the force of gravity increases a
ball’s speed while on an upward slope, the force of gravity
decreases a ball’s speed. If smoother planes were used, the
ball rolled up the opposite plane closer to the initial height. The
difference between initial and final heights was because
friction. He postulated the ball would reach exactly the same
height if friction could be eliminated.

With regards to the ball rolling on a level surface, the ball

neither rolls with nor against the vertical force of gravity. It
neither slows down or speeds up. It maintains a constant
speed. Galileo reasoned that a ball would move forever if it is
in horizontal motion. If friction were entirely absent once it is
moving, no force is needed to keep it moving except for the
force needed to overcome friction. A moving object needs no
force to keep it moving, when friction is absent. Such ball
would remain in motion all by itself of its own inertia.

Sample problems:
1. Leo traveled 500 m from their house to a shopping mall to
meet a friend. Upon reaching the mall, his friend texted that he
cannot come. Sadly, Leo went back home following the same
path.

(a) What was the total distance Leo travelled?

(b) What was his displacement? If the entire trip took 15 mins,
what were his (c) speed and (d) velocity?

Given:
Distance from house to mall = 500m
Round-trip time: 15mins ≈ 900s

Solution:
a. Total distance = 500m (going) + 500m (returning) = 1000m

b. Displacement is the shortest straight-line distance from the

starting point to the ending point. Since Leo returned to his
starting point, his total displacement is:
500m (forward) – 500m (backward) = 0m
c. Speed = Total Distance
Total Time
v= 1000m = 1.11m/s
900s

d. velocity is displacement divided by time

velocity= total displacement
total time
v= 0m = 0m/s
900s

2. A roller coaster is moving at 25 m/s at the bottom of the hill.

Three seconds later it reaches the top of the hill moving 10
m/s. What was the acceleration of the coaster?

Given:
vi = 25 m/s
vf = 10 m/s
t=3s

Solution : 𝑎 = ∆𝑣
∆𝑡
= 10 m/s- 25 m/s
0-3 s
= 5 m/s2
E. Application

Pull it to know it!

Analyze each and determine whether it’s projectile, speed,
velocity, after choosing your answer, pull it to find if its correct
or not.
F. Assessment

Solve the following problem in a one sheet of paper and show

your solution.

1. Aiah drives her scooter 5 kilometers north. She stops for

lunch and then drives 7 kilometers east.
a. What distance did she cover? (2pts)
b. What was her displacement? (3pts)

2. A high school bus travels 240 km in 6 hours. What is its

average speed for the trip in m/s? (5pts)
(Note: 1km = 1000m, 1hr = 60mins, 1min = 60secs.)

3. A roller coaster is moving at 25m/s at the bottom of the hell.

Three seconds later it reaches the to the hill moving 10m/s.
What was the acceleration of the coaster? (5pts)