VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BELAGAVI-590018

A Project Report On

“TITLE OF PROJECT”
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM /BCS403

Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Science and Engineering

Submitted by

Daneshwari M Torgal (1OX23CS025)

Hema Bhooshitha L (1OX23CS042)

Under the guidance of

Divya Ma’am

Associate Professor
Department of CSE,TOCE

Department of Computer Science andEngineering

The Oxford College of Engineering

HosurRoad,Bommanahalli,Bengaluru-560068
2024-2025
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Implementing a project is a monumental task that cannot be accomplished by two individuals alone.
Eventually, we are grateful to a number of individuals whose professional guidance, assistance and
encouragement have made it a pleasant endeavour to undertake this work.

It gives us great pleasure in expressing our deep sense of gratitude to our respected Founder Chairman
Late. Sri S. Narasa Raju, and to our respected Chairman Dr. S.N.V.L Narasimha Raju, for having
provided us with great infrastructure and well-furnished labs.

We take this opportunity to express our profound gratitude toour respected Principal Dr. H.N Ramesh for
his support.

We are grateful to the Head of the Department Dr. KANAGAVALLI R, for her unfailing encouragement
and suggestion given to us in the course of our project work.

Timely guidance and clear deadlines are crucial for the successful completion of any task. We also extend
our heartfelt thanks to Divya Ma’am, Associate Professor in the Department of CSE, for their constant
support throughout the project

Finally, a note of thanks to the Department of Computer Science Engineering, both teaching and non-
teaching staff for their co-operation extended to us.

We thank our parents for their constant support and encouragement. Last, but not the least, we would like
to thank our peers and friends.

Daneshwari M Torgal(1OX21CS025)

Hema Bhooshitha L (1OX21CS042)

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 ABSTRACT

The Library Management System is a software application designed to streamline and automate the day-to-day
operations of a library. The system supports both administrative and student-level functionalities, enabling
efficient handling of book circulation, student records, and academic courses.
At its core, the system comprises several interconnected modules:
 Admin Panel: Allows authorized administrators to manage the library catalog, add or remove books,
register students, and oversee borrowing and return activities.
 Student Module: Registered students can log in to browse available books, borrow and return them, and
view their transaction history.
 Book Borrow/Return Module: Tracks all book lending activities, including due dates, late returns, and
fines. Each borrow/return transaction is linked to a specific student and book entry.
 Course Management: Integrates student academic courses with the library system, enabling course-
specific book recommendations and restrictions if necessary.

The system enhances operational efficiency, reduces manual errors, and provides real-time visibility into library
assets and user activity. It is built using PHP and MySQL(XAMPP), making it suitable for academic institutions
looking for a robust and user-friendly solution.

Functional Specification:

1. Registering new Student

2. Adding new books to the list

3. Adding new courses

4.Performing transactions such as borrow/returning of books

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 CONTENTS

Chapters Page No

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i
ABSTRACT ii

1. INTRODUCTION TO DBMS 1

2. SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS 4

3. SYSTEM DESIGN 6
4. FUNCTIONS 9

5. MODULES OF ONLINE 11
EXAMINATION SYSTEM

6. CONCLUSION & FUTURE ENHANCEMENT 13

BIBILOGRAPHY 14

APPENDIX-A

SNAPSHOTS

iii
CHAPTER1
INTRODUCTION
Database is a collection of data and Management System is a set of programs to store and
retrieve those data. Based on this one can define DBMS as a collection of inter-related data and
set of programs to store & access those data in an easyand effective manner.

1.1 WhatistheneedofDBMS?
Database systems are basically developed for large amount of data. When dealing with
huge amount of data, there are two things that require optimization: Storage of data and retrieval
of data.

Storage: According to the principles of database systems, the data is stored in such a way that it
acquires lot less space as the redundant data (duplicate data) has been removed before storage.
Let’s take a layman example to understand this. In a banking system, suppose a customer is
having two accounts, one is saving account and another is salary account. Let’s say bank stores
saving account data at one place (these places are called tables we will learn them later) and
salary account data at another place, in that case if the customer information such as customer
name, address etc. are stored at both places then this is just a wastage of storage(redundancy/
duplication of data),to organize the data in a better way the information should be stored at one
place and both the accounts should be linked to that information somehow. The same thing we
achieve in DBMS.

Fast Retrieval of data: Along with storing the data in an optimized and systematic manner, it is
also important that we retrieve the data quickly when needed. Database systems ensure that the
data is retrieved as quickly as possible.

The choice of a database product is often influenced by factors such as:

the computing platform(i.e.,hardware,operatingsystem)

the volume of data to be managed

the number of transactions required per second

existing applications or interfaces that an organization may have

Dept.,ofCSE,TOCE 2024-25 1
OnlineExaminationSystem

support for heterogeneous and/or distributed computing

cost

vendor support

1.2 Design andModeling:

The first task of a database designer is to produce a conceptual data model that reflects
the structure of the information to be held in the database. A common approach to this is to
develop an entity-relationship model, often with the aid of drawing tools. Another popular
approach is the Unified Modeling Language. A successful data model will accurately reflect the
possible state of the external world being modeled : for example, if people can have more than
one phone number, it will allow this information to be captured.

Figure1.1:Simplified database system environment

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OnlineExaminationSystem

1.3 Objective
The main objective of this project is to determine how an interactive online library
management system helps in the smooth functioning of a library compared to traditional library
management, by digitizing all the records and transacting everything on a computer rather than
on paper. This project is a two-tier architecture application.

1.4 ProblemStatement
Manual library operations are inefficient and prone to errors, making it difficult to
manage book inventory, track borrow/return transactions, and maintain student records. There is
a need for an automated system that streamlines these processes, improves accuracy, and
enhances accessibility for both administrators and students. With this project, we want to
automate as many tasks as possible using the available technology and the internet.

1.5 Scope of the report

The essential framework of this report would be to elaborate the design of E.R-diagram,
Schema Diagram and to display how the modules of the program work in order to achieve the
automation.

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 CHAPTER2

SYSTEM AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS AND

SPECIFICATIONS

The program works on Desktop PC and is executed using a PHP 5 interface which interacts
with a MySQL database running on localhost.

2.1 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

 User Authentication
1. Admin and student login system
2. Password protection and session management
3. Role-based access control

 Admin Module

1. Add, edit, delete books in the inventory

2. Add, update, and manage student records
3. Manage and assign courses
4. View and manage all borrow/return transactions
5. Set borrowing limits and due dates
6. View overdue books and calculate fines
7. Generate reports (borrow history, active loans, etc.)

 Book Management

1. Add new books with details (title, author, ISBN, quantity, course tag)
2. Search and filter books by name, author, or category
3. View availability status of books
4. Update book information or quantity

 Student Module

1. Register and log in

2. Search and view available books
3. Borrow and return books
4. View personal borrowing history and due dates

 Borrow and Return System

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1. Record borrowing and return date
2. Automatically update book availability
3. Restrict borrowing if limits are exceeded
4. Fine calculation for late returns

 Course Management

1. Admin can create, update, or delete courses

2. Link books to specific courses
3. Assign students to courses

2.2 NON-FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS:

Non-functional requirements define the overall qualities or attributes of the resulting system.
2.2.1 Usability
Usability is the ease with which a user can learn to operate the online examination system and
get results.

2.2.2 Security
Security requirements are included in a system to ensure:

All questions and users are well secured

SQL injection is prevented

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OnlineExaminationSystem SystemSpecification

2.2.3 Reliability
Reliability is the ability of a system to perform its required functions understated conditions for
a specific period of time. Constraints on the run-time behavior of the system can be considered
under two separate headings:

Availability: is the system available for service when requested by end-users.

Failure rate: how often does the system fail to deliver the service as expected by end-
users .

2.3 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

Programming language : PHP, MYSQL
Operating system : ANYOS(Recommended:Windows8,
Windows Vista, Windows XP)
Application required : Standalone desktop application &Xampp
Coding language : PHP

2.4 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

CPU : Pentium IV2.4 GHz or above
Memory (Primary) : 512 MB, 1 GB or above
Hard Disk : 40GB, 80GB,160 GB or above
Monitor : 15 VGA color

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CHAPTER:3

ERDIAGRAM, SCHEMA DIAGRAM

This chapter of the report describes the structure of the project, followed by Entity
Relationship Diagram, Schema Diagram and the table structures.

3.1ER Diagram with relationships and cardinality ratio

An entity relationship model, also called an entity-relationship (ER) diagram, is a

graphical representation of entities and their relationships to each other, typically used in
computing in regard to the organization of datawithin databases orinformation systems.An
entity is a piece of data-an object or concept about which data is stored.

The cardinality or fundamental principle of one data aspect with respect to another is a
criticalfeature.The relationshipofone totheothermustbe precise andexactbetween each
otherin order to explain how each aspectlinks together. In simple words Cardinalityis a way
to define the relationship between twoentities.

ThefollowingarethenotationsoftheERdiagram:

Fig3.1:NotationsforERDiagrams

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OnlineExamination System Design

The ER diagram below shows the relationship between the many tables that exist in the
database for the functioning of Warehouse Inventory Management System.

Fig3.2:ER Diagram of Online Library Management System

3.3 Schema Diagram

In any data model it is important to distinguish between the description of the

database and the database itself. The description of a database is called the database schema,
which is specified during database design and isnotexpected tochange frequently.

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OnlineExamination System Design

A displayed schema is called a schema diagram. A schema diagram displays only

some aspects of a schema, such as the names of record types and data items, and some types
of constraints.

Fig3.3:SchemaDiagram

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CHAPTER: 4

IMPLEMENTATIONS
This chapter of the report describes the Functions, packages and modules used in the project:

4.1 Libraries and Frameworks

PHP

PHP is Hyper text Pre-process or is a general-purpose programming language originally

designed for web development.

HTML

Hypertext Markup Language is the standard markup language for documents designed to be
displayed in a web browser. It can be assisted by technologies such as Cascading Style Sheets
and scripting languages such as JavaScript.

CSS

Cascading Style Sheets is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation of a
document writtenina markup language likeHTML.CSSisacornerstonetechnologyofthe World
Wide Web, alongside HTML and JavaScript. Functional Modules

JavaScript

JavaScript,often abbreviated as JS, is a high-level, interpreted scripting language that conforms

to the ECMA Script specification. JavaScript has curly-bracket syntax, dynamic typing,
prototype-based object-orientation, and first-class functions.

PHPMailer

PHP Mailer is a code library to send emails safely and easily via PHP code from a web server.
Sending emails directly by PHP code requires a high-level familiarity to SMTP standard protocol
and related issues and vulnerabilities about Email injection for spamming. So, we used PHP
Mailer

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4.2 Functional Modules
The functional modules included in the project are listed below:

Insert Module:

This module provides the functionality of collecting the required data from the designed
interface and transmitting it to the appropriate table present in the database designed for this
project. Ifthe provided data does not satisfy the given constraints, it must refrain from storing it
into the database.

Update Module:

This module again has the functionality of collecting the data from the designed interface,
but it updates the already existing tuple that matches the provided primary key of the tuple to be
updated, by replacing the existing attribute values with the newly collected data. Again, if the
newly provided data does not satisfy the given constraints, it must refrain from updating the
corresponding tuple.

Delete Module:

The delete counter part is loaded with the ability to delete a single or multiple records
from the table. It searches for the tuple, in the query specified table, based on the provided value
for an attribute. Admin can delete in the interface, based on which delete module searches for the
record corresponding to that provided attribute value and deletes the record.

Retrieve Module:

The retrieve module has a basic functionality of accessing the entire specified table from
the database and displays it.
Trigger Module:

Trigger in database is set of statements that are executed after an event occurs on the
specified table.This is useful for logs where in every change in database can be logged which
helps keep a track of all changes/transactions on the database.

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 CHAPTER5

MODULES IN ONLINE LIBRARY MANAGEMENSYSTEM

Online Examination System is that which enables the Students & Teachers to register
for the system. Students are allowed to take the online test and see their progress. Also, it
enables the Teachers to add, delete, update the test questions and also to keep track of the
student progress.

Student

Admin

Login

Add/Remove books , courses and student

Student:
Student has to log in to the system and can then view all the books that are availabe,
borrowed or returned. Student can see the book list and its availability.

Staff:
Staffalsohas tologintothesystemfirst,thentheycanadd/removequizzes.They
canseetheprogressandtheycanalsoupdatetheexistingquiz.

Login:

Loginismustandshouldforbothstaffandstudent.Sothatallrecordswillbesafelysaved to
thedatabase.Ifsomeonehadforgotthepassword,onecanresetthatpassword.

Add/Removequizandquestion:
Staffcanadd,removethequiz.Andalsotheycanaddextraquestionstoanexisting
quiz.

Score:
Staffcanseethescoreboardofthequizwhichis addedbyhim/her.Andstudent
canseethescoreofthequizwhichhe/sheisattended.

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CHAPTER6

CONCLUSION
The online examinationsystemprovidesbetterfunctionalityfor anexaminationto be
more efficient and reduce manual paperwork in order to automate all possible tasks. For
implementing this system, PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript and MySql are used.

Thesystemcomprisesoffollowingfeatures:

Managementofquiz.
Automated grading.
Adding/deletingquizzesandquestions.

SCOPEOFENHANCEMENT

Therearealso few featureswhichcanbe integrated withthesystemtomake it more flexible.

Belowlistshowsthefuturepointstobeconsidered:

Implementing the timer for the quiz.

Sending mailsonsignupandwhenstudenttakesthequiz.
Supporting all type of questions including MCQ’s.
IncludingProgrammingQuestiondwhereusercancompileorinterpretonsiteonly.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOK REFERENCE

[1] DatabaseSystemModels, Languages, RamezElmasriand ShamKant B. Navathe,7th

Edition, 2017 Pearson.

[2] FundamentalsofWebDevelopment,RandyConnollyandRicardo Hoar,FirstImpression,

2016 Pearson

WEBSITES

[1]www.stackoverflow.com

[2]www.youtube.com

[3]https://www.php.net

[4]www.google.com

[5] https://www.w3schools.com

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APPENDIX A
SNAPSHOTS

Snapshot 1:Start page of the project

Snapshot2: Sign Up Page for student

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OnlineExaminationSystem Snapshots

Snapshot3: Dashboard for Admin

Snapshot3: Dashboard of available courses

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OnlineExaminationSystem Snapshots

Snapshot4:List of students

Snapshot5:List of subjects(categories) available

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OnlineExaminationSystem Snapshots

Snapshot6: List of books available

Snapshot7:QuizAddedbyTheStaff

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OnlineExaminationSystem Snapshots

Snapshot8:Addingquizpagebystaff

Snapshot9:Requestforsecuritycode

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OnlineExaminationSystem Snapshots

Snapshot10:mailreceivedbyuserwithsecuritycode

Snapshot11:verifyingthesecuritycodeandupdatepassword

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