IELTS, TOEFL 考试必备之 AWL

Introduction

The Academic Word List was developed by Averil Coxhead as her MA thesis at the School
of Linguistics and Applied Language Studies at Victoria University of Wellington, New
Zealand. The list contains 570 word families which were selected according to principles
outlined below. The list does not include words that are in the most frequent 2000 words of
English. The AWL was primarily made so that it could be used by teachers as part of a
programme preparing learners for tertiary level study or used by students working alone to
learn the words most needed to study at tertiary institutions. The Academic Word List
replaces the University Word List.

Sublists of the Academic Word List

Each word in italics is the most frequently occurring member of the word family in the
Academic Corpus. For example, analysis is the most common form of the word family
analyse. British and American spelling is included in the word families, so contextualise and
contextualize are both included in the family context.

Sublist 1 contains the most common words in the AWL. Sublist 2 contains the next most
common words, and so on. There are 60 families in each sublist, except for sublist 10 which
has 30.

Sublist 1 of the Academic Word List

analyse approachable reassessment

analysed approached unassessed
analyser approaches assume
analysers approaching assumed
analyses unapproachable assumes
analysing area assuming
analysis areas assumption
analyst assess assumptions
analysts assessable authority
analytic assessed authoritative
analytical assesses authorities
analytically assessing available
analyze assessment availability
analyzed assessments unavailable
analyzes reassess benefit
analyzing reassessed beneficial
approach reassessing beneficiary

1
 beneficiaries contextualizing distribution
benefited uncontextualized distributional
benefiting contract distributions
benefits contracted distributive
concept contracting distributor
conception contractor distributors
concepts contractors redistribute
conceptual contracts redistributed
conceptualisation create redistributes
conceptualise created redistributing
conceptualised creates redistribution
conceptualises creating economy
conceptualising creation economic
conceptually creations economical
consist creative economically
consisted creatively economics
consistency creativity economies
consistent creator economist
consistently creators economists
consisting recreate uneconomical
consists recreated environment
inconsistencies recreates environmental
inconsistency recreating environmentalist
inconsistent data environmentalists
constitute define environmentally
constituencies definable environments
constituency defined establish
constituent defines disestablish
constituents defining disestablished
constituted definition disestablishes
constitutes definitions disestablishing
constituting redefine disestablishment
constitution redefined established
constitutions redefines establishes
constitutional redefining establishing
constitutionally undefined establishment
constitutive derive establishments
unconstitutional derivation estimate
context derivations estimated
contexts derivative estimates
contextual derivatives estimating
contextualise derived estimation
contextualised derives estimations
contextualising deriving over-estimate
uncontextualised distribute overestimate
contextualize distributed overestimated
contextualized distributing overestimates

2
 overestimating identify reinterpretation
underestimate identifiable reinterpretations
underestimated identification involve
underestimates identified involved
underestimating identifies involvement
evident identifying involves
evidenced identities involving
evidence identity uninvolved
evidential unidentifiable issue
evidently income issued
export incomes issues
exported indicate issuing
exporter indicated labour
exporters indicates labor
exporting indicating labored
exports indication labors
factor indications laboured
factored indicative labouring
factoring indicator labours
factors indicators legal
finance individual illegal
financed individualised illegality
finances individuality illegally
financial individualism legality
financially individualist legally
financier individualists legislate
financiers individualistic legislated
financing individually legislates
formula individuals legislating
formulae interpret legislation
formulas interpretation legislative
formulate interpretations legislator
formulated interpretative legislators
formulating interpreted legislature
formulation interpreting major
formulations interpretive majorities
reformulate interprets majority
reformulated misinterpret method
reformulating misinterpretation methodical
reformulation misinterpretations methodological
reformulations misinterpreted methodologies
function misinterpreting methodology
functional misinterprets methods
functionally reinterpret occur
functioned reinterpreted occurred
functioning reinterprets occurrence
functions reinterpreting occurrences

3
 occurring researcher specific
occurs researchers specifically
reoccur researches specification
reoccurred researching specifications
reoccurring respond specificity
reoccurs responded specifics
percent respondent structure
percentage respondents restructure
percentages responding restructured
period responds restructures
periodic response restructuring
periodical responses structural
periodically responsive structurally
periodicals responsiveness structured
periods unresponsive structures
policy role structuring
policies roles unstructured
principle section theory
principled sectioned theoretical
principles sectioning theoretically
unprincipled sections theories
proceed sector theorist
procedural sectors theorists
procedure significant vary
procedures insignificant invariable
proceeded insignificantly invariably
proceeding significance variability
proceedings significantly variable
proceeds signified variables
process signifies variably
processed signify variance
processes signifying variant
processing similar variants
require dissimilar variation
required similarities variations
requirement similarity varied
requirements similarly varies
requires source varying
requiring sourced
research sources
researched sourcing

4
Sublist 2 of the Academic Word List

achieve category conducted

achievable categories conducting
achieved categorisation conducts
achievement categorise consequent
achievements categorised consequence
achieves categorises consequences
achieving categorising consequently
acquire categorization construct
acquired categorized constructed
acquires categorizes constructing
acquiring categorizing construction
acquisition chapter constructions
acquisitions chapters constructive
administrate commission constructs
administrates commissioned reconstruct
administration commissioner reconstructed
administrations commissioners reconstructing
administrative commissioning reconstruction
administratively commissions reconstructs
administrator community consume
administrators communities consumed
affect complex consumer
affected complexities consumers
affecting complexity consumes
affective compute consuming
affectively computation consumption
affects computational credit
unaffected computations credited
appropriate computable crediting
appropriacy computer creditor
appropriately computed creditors
appropriateness computerised credits
inappropriacy computers culture
inappropriate computing cultural
inappropriately conclude culturally
aspect concluded cultured
aspects concludes cultures
assist concluding uncultured
assistance conclusion design
assistant conclusions designed
assistants conclusive designer
assisted conclusively designers
assisting inconclusive designing
assists inconclusively designs
unassisted conduct distinct
 distinction focussed reinvests
distinctions focussing item
distinctive refocus itemisation
distinctively refocused itemise
distinctly refocuses itemised
indistinct refocusing itemises
indistinctly refocussed itemising
element refocusses items
elements refocussing journal
equate impact journals
equated impacted maintain
equates impacting maintained
equating impacts maintaining
equation injure maintains
equations injured maintenance
evaluate injures normal
evaluated injuries abnormal
evaluates injuring abnormally
evaluating injury normalisation
evaluation uninjured normalise
evaluations institute normalised
evaluative instituted normalises
re-evaluate institutes normalising
re-evaluated instituting normalization
re-evaluates institution normalize
re-evaluating institutional normalized
re-evaluation institutionalise normalizes
feature institutionalised normalizing
featured institutionalises normality
features institutionalising normally
featuring institutionalized obtain
final institutionalizes obtainable
finalise institutionalizing obtained
finalised institutionally obtaining
finalises institutions obtains
finalising invest unobtainable
finalize invested participate
finalized investing participant
finalizes investment participants
finalizing investments participated
finality investor participates
finally investors participating
finals invests participation
focus reinvest participatory
focused reinvested perceive
focuses reinvesting perceived
focusing reinvestment perceives
 perceiving residential strategy
perception residents strategic
perceptions resides strategies
positive residing strategically
positively resource strategist
potential resourced strategists
potentially resourceful survey
previous resources surveyed
previously resourcing surveying
primary unresourceful surveys
primarily under-resourced text
purchase restrict texts
purchased restricted textual
purchaser restricting tradition
purchasers restriction non-traditional
purchases restrictions traditional
purchasing restrictive traditionalist
range restrictively traditionally
ranged restricts traditions
ranges unrestricted transfer
ranging unrestrictive transferable
region secure transference
regional insecure transferred
regionally insecurities transferring
regions insecurity transfers
regulate secured
deregulated securely
deregulates secures
deregulating securing
deregulation securities
regulated security
regulates seek
regulating seeking
regulation seeks
regulations sought
regulator select
regulators selected
regulatory selecting
unregulated selection
relevant selections
irrelevance selective
irrelevant selectively
relevance selector
reside selectors
resided selects
residence site
resident sites
Sublist 3 of Academic Word List

alternative contributes deduce

alternatively contributing deduced
alternatives contribution deduces
circumstance contributions deducing
circumstances contributor deduction
comment contributors deductions
commentaries convene demonstrate
commentary convention demonstrable
commentator convenes demonstrably
commentators convened demonstrated
commented convening demonstrates
commenting conventional demonstrating
comments conventionally demonstration
compensate conventions demonstrations
compensated unconventional demonstrative
compensates coordinate demonstratively
compensating coordinated demonstrator
compensation coordinates demonstrators
compensations coordinating document
compensatory coordination documentation
component coordinator documented
componentry coordinators documenting
components co-ordinate documents
consent co-ordinated dominate
consensus co-ordinates dominance
consented co-ordinating dominant
consenting co-ordination dominated
consents co-ordinator dominates
considerable co-ordinators dominating
considerably core domination
constant cores emphasis
constancy coring emphasise
constantly cored emphasised
constants corporate emphasising
inconstancy corporates emphasize
inconstantly corporation emphasized
constrain corporations emphasizes
constrained correspond emphasizing
constraining corresponded emphatic
constrains correspondence emphatically
constraint corresponding ensure
constraints correspondingly ensured
unconstrained corresponds ensures
contribute criteria ensuring
contributed criterion exclude
 excluded justify negated
excludes justifiable negates
excluding justifiably negating
exclusion justification negatively
exclusionary justifications negatives
exclusionist justified outcome
exclusions justifies outcomes
exclusive justifying partner
exclusively unjustified partners
framework layer partnership
frameworks layered partnerships
fund layering philosophy
funded layers philosopher
funder link philosophers
funders linkage philosophical
funding linkages philosophically
funds linked philosophies
illustrate linking philosophise
illustrated links philosophised
illustrates locate philosophises
illustrating located philosophising
illustration locating philosophize
illustrations location philosophized
illustrative locations philosophizes
immigrate relocate philosophizing
immigrant relocated physical
immigrants relocates physically
immigrated relocating proportion
immigrates relocation disproportion
immigrating maximise disproportionate
immigration max disproportionately
imply maximised proportional
implied maximises proportionally
implies maximising proportionate
implying maximisation proportionately
initial maximize proportions
initially maximized publish
instance maximizes published
instances maximizing publisher
interact maximization publishers
interacted maximum publishes
interacting minor publishing
interaction minorities unpublished
interactions minority react
interactive minors reacted
interactively negate reacts
interacts negative reacting
 reaction sequential
reactionaries sequentially
reactionary sex
reactions sexes
reactive sexism
reactivate sexual
reactivation sexuality
reactor sexually
reactors shift
register shifted
deregister shifting
deregistered shifts
deregistering specify
deregisters specifiable
deregistration specified
registered specifies
registering specifying
registers unspecified
registration sufficient
rely sufficiency
reliability insufficient
reliable insufficiently
reliably sufficiently
reliance task
reliant tasks
relied technical
relies technically
relying technique
unreliable techniques
remove technology
removable technological
removal technologically
removals valid
removed invalidate
removes invalidity
removing validate
scheme validated
schematic validating
schematically validation
schemed validity
schemes validly
scheming volume
sequence volumes
sequenced vol
sequences
sequencing
Sublist 4 of the Academic Word List
access communicates emergence
accessed communicating emergent
accesses communication emerges
accessibility communications emerging
accessible communicative error
accessing communicatively erroneous
inaccessible uncommunicative erroneously
adequate concentrate errors
adequacy concentrated ethnic
adequately concentrates ethnicity
inadequacies concentrating goal
inadequacy concentration goals
inadequate confer grant
inadequately conference granted
annual conferences granting
annually conferred grants
apparent conferring hence
apparently confers hypothesis
approximate contrast hypotheses
approximated contrasted hypothesise
approximately contrasting hypothesised
approximates contrastive hypothesises
approximating contrasts hypothesising
approximation cycle hypothesize
approximations cycled hypothesized
attitude cycles hypothesizes
attitudes cyclic hypothesizing
attribute cyclical hypothetical
attributable cycling hypothetically
attributed debate implement
attributes debatable implementation
attributing debated implemented
attribution debates implementing
civil debating implements
code despite implicate
coded dimension implicated
codes dimensional implicates
coding dimensions implicating
commit multidimensional implication
commitment domestic implications
commitments domestically impose
commits domesticate imposed
committed domesticated imposes
committing domesticating imposing
communicate domestics imposition
communicable emerge integrate
communicated emerged integrated
 integrates optional promotion
integrating options promotions
integration output regime
internal outputs regimes
internalise overall resolve
internalised parallel resolution
internalises paralleled resolved
internalising parallelled resolves
internalize parallelling resolving
internalized parallels unresolved
internalizes unparalleled retain
internalizing parameter retained
internally parameters retaining
investigate phase retainer
investigated phased retainers
investigates phases retains
investigating phasing retention
investigation predict retentive
investigations predictability series
investigative predictable statistic
investigator predictably statistician
investigators predicted statisticians
job predicting statistical
jobs prediction statistically
label predictions statistics
labeled predicts status
labeling unpredictability stress
labelled unpredictable stressed
labelling principal stresses
labels principally stressful
mechanism prior stressing
mechanisms professional unstressed
obvious professionally subsequent
obviously professionals subsequently
occupy professionalism sum
occupancy project summation
occupant projected summed
occupants projecting summing
occupation projection sums
occupational projections summary
occupations projects summaries
occupied promote summarise
occupier promoted summarised
occupiers promoter summarises
occupies promoters summarising
occupying promotes summarisation
option promoting summarisations
summarization summarizing undertook
summarizations undertake
summarize undertaken
summarized undertakes
summarizes undertaking
Sublist 5 of the Academic Word List

academy challengers redrafts

academia challenges enable
academic challenging enabled
academically clause enables
academics clauses enabling
academies compound energy
adjust compounded energetic
adjusted compounding energetically
adjusting compounds energies
adjustment conflict enforce
adjustments conflicted enforced
adjusts conflicting enforcement
readjust conflicts enforces
readjusted consult enforcing
readjusting consultancy entity
readjustment consultant entities
readjustments consultants equivalent
readjusts consultation equivalence
alter consultations evolve
alterable consultative evolution
alteration consulted evolved
alterations consults evolving
altered consulting evolves
altering contact evolutionary
alternate contactable evolutionist
alternating contacted evolutionists
alters contacting expand
unalterable contacts expanded
unaltered decline expanding
amend declined expands
amended declines expansion
amending declining expansionism
amendment discrete expansive
amendments discretely expose
amends discretion exposed
aware discretionary exposes
awareness indiscrete exposing
unaware indiscretion exposure
capacity draft exposures
capacities drafted external
incapacitate drafting externalisation
incapacitated drafts externalise
challenge redraft externalised
challenged redrafted externalises
challenger redrafting externalising
 externality liberally orientate
externalization liberals orientated
externalize licence orientates
externalized licences orientation
externalizes license orientating
externalizing licensed oriented
externally licensing orienting
facilitate licenses orients
facilitated unlicensed reorient
facilitates logic reorientation
facilities illogical perspective
facilitating illogically perspectives
facilitation logical precise
facilitator logically imprecise
facilitators logician precisely
facility logicians precision
fundamental margin prime
fundamentally marginal primacy
generate marginally psychology
generated margins psychological
generates medical psychologically
generating medically psychologist
generation mental psychologists
generations mentality pursue
image mentally pursued
imagery modify pursues
images modification pursuing
liberal modifications pursuit
liberalise modified pursuits
liberalism modifies ratio
liberalisation modifying ratios
liberalised unmodified reject
liberalises monitor rejected
liberalising monitored rejecting
liberalization monitoring rejection
liberalize monitors rejects
liberalized unmonitored rejections
liberalizes network revenue
liberalizing networked revenues
liberate networking stable
liberated networks instability
liberates notion stabilisation
liberation notions stabilise
liberations objective stabilised
liberating objectively stabilises
liberator objectivity stabilising
liberators orient stabilization
 stabilize symbol
stabilized symbolic
stabilizes symbolically
stabilizing symbolise
stability symbolises
unstable symbolised
style symbolising
styled symbolism
styles symbolize
styling symbolized
stylish symbolizes
stylise symbolizing
stylised symbols
stylises target
stylising targeted
stylize targeting
stylized targets
stylizes transit
stylizing transited
substitute transiting
substituted transition
substitutes transitional
substituting transitions
substitution transitory
sustain transits
sustainable trend
sustainability trends
sustained version
sustaining versions
sustains welfare
sustenance whereas
unsustainable
Sublist 6 of the Academic Word List

abstract unattached displayed

abstraction author displaying
abstractions authored displays
abstractly authoring diverse
abstracts authors diversely
accurate authorship diversification
accuracy bond diversified
accurately bonded diversifies
inaccuracy bonding diversify
inaccuracies bonds diversifying
inaccurate brief diversity
acknowledge brevity domain
acknowledged briefed domains
acknowledges briefing edit
acknowledging briefly edited
acknowledgement briefs editing
acknowledgemens capable edition
aggregate capabilities editions
aggregated capability editor
aggregates incapable editorial
aggregating cite editorials
aggregation citation editors
allocate citations edits
allocated cited enhance
allocates citing enhanced
allocating cites enhancement
allocation cooperate enhances
allocations cooperated enhancing
assign cooperates estate
assigned cooperating estates
assigning cooperation exceed
assignment cooperative exceeded
assignments cooperatively exceeding
assigns co-operate exceeds
reassign co-operated expert
reassigned co-operates expertise
reassigning co-operation expertly
reassigns co-operative experts
unassigned co-operatively explicit
attach discriminate explicitly
attached discriminated federal
attaches discriminates federation
attaching discriminating federations
attachment discrimination fee
attachments display fees
flexible instruction neutralised
flexibility instructed neutralises
inflexible instructing neutralising
inflexibility instructions neutrality
furthermore instructive neutralization
gender instructor neutralize
genders instructors neutralized
ignorant instructs neutralizes
ignorance intelligent neutralizing
ignore intelligence nevertheless
ignored intelligently overseas
ignores unintelligent precede
ignoring interval preceded
incentive intervals precedence
incentives lecture precedent
incidence lectured precedes
incident lecturer preceding
incidentally lecturers unprecedented
incidents lectures presume
incorporate lecturing presumably
incorporated migrate presumed
incorporates migrant presumes
incorporating migrants presuming
incorporation migrated presumption
index migrates presumptions
indexed migrating presumptuous
indexes migration rational
indexing migrations irrational
inhibit migratory rationalisation
inhibited minimum rationalisations
inhibiting ministry rationalise
inhibition ministered rationalised
inhibitions ministering rationalises
inhibits ministerial rationalising
initiate ministries rationalism
initiated motive rationality
initiates motivate rationalization
initiating motivated rationalizations
initiation motivates rationalize
initiations motivating rationalized
initiative motivation rationalizes
initiatives motivations rationally
initiator motives recover
initiators unmotivated recoverable
input neutral recovered
inputs neutralisation recovering
instruct neutralise recovers
 recovery transformations
reveal transformed
revealed transforming
revealing transforms
reveals transport
revelation transportation
revelations transported
scope transporter
subsidy transporters
subsidiary transporting
subsidies transports
subsidise underlie
subsidised underlay
subsidises underlies
subsidising underlying
subsidize utilise
subsidized utilisation
subsidizes utilised
subsidizing utilises
tape utilising
taped utiliser
tapes utilisers
taping utility
trace utilities
traceable utilization
traced utilize
traces utilized
tracing utilizes
transform utilizing
transformation
Sublist 7 of the Academic Word List

adapt convert empirical

adaptability conversion empirically
adaptable conversions empiricism
adaptation converted equip
adaptations convertible equipment
adapted converting equipped
adapting converts equipping
adaptive couple equips
adapts coupled extract
adult coupling extracted
adulthood couples extracting
adults decade extraction
advocate decades extracts
advocacy definite file
advocated definitely filed
advocates definitive files
advocating indefinite filing
aid indefinitely finite
aided deny infinite
aiding deniable infinitely
aids denial foundation
unaided denials foundations
channel denied globe
channelled denies global
channelling denying globally
channels undeniable globalisation
chemical differentiate globalization
chemically differentiated grade
chemicals differentiates graded
classic differentiating grades
classical differentiation grading
classics dispose guarantee
comprehensive disposable guaranteed
comprehensively disposal guaranteeing
comprise disposed guarantees
comprised disposes hierarchy
comprises disposing hierarchical
comprising dynamic hierarchies
confirm dynamically identical
confirmation dynamics identically
confirmed eliminate ideology
confirming eliminated ideological
confirms eliminates ideologically
contrary eliminating ideologies
contrarily elimination infer
 inference prioritize successions
inferences prioritized successive
inferred prioritizes successively
inferring prioritizing successors
infers prohibit survive
innovate prohibited survival
innovation prohibiting survived
innovated prohibition survives
innovates prohibitions surviving
innovating prohibitive survivor
innovations prohibits survivors
innovative publication thesis
innovator publications theses
innovators quote topic
insert quotation topical
inserted quotations topics
inserting quoted transmit
insertion quotes transmission
inserts quoting transmissions
intervene release transmitted
intervened released transmitting
intervenes releases transmits
intervening releasing ultimate
intervention reverse ultimately
interventions reversal unique
isolate reversed uniquely
isolated reverses uniqueness
isolates reversible visible
isolating reversing visibility
isolation reversals visibly
isolationism irreversible invisible
media simulate invisibility
mode simulated voluntary
modes simulates voluntarily
paradigm simulating volunteer
paradigms simulation volunteering
phenomenon sole volunteered
phenomena solely volunteers
phenomenal somewhat
priority submit
priorities submission
prioritisation submissions
prioritise submits
prioritised submitted
prioritises submitting
prioritising successor
prioritization succession
Sublist 8 of the Academic Word List

abandon automation contradicting

abandoned bias contradiction
abandoning biased contradictions
abandonment biases contradictory
abandons biasing contradicts
accompany unbiased crucial
accompanied chart crucially
accompanies charted currency
accompaniment charting currencies
accompanying charts denote
unaccompanied uncharted denotation
accumulate clarify denotations
accumulated clarification denoted
accumulating clarified denotes
accumulation clarifies denoting
accumulates clarifying detect
ambiguous clarity detectable
ambiguities commodity detected
ambiguity commodities detecting
unambiguous complement detection
unambiguously complementary detective
append complemented detectives
appendix complementing detector
appended complements detectors
appends conform detects
appending conformable deviate
appendices conformability deviated
appendixes conformance deviates
appreciate conformation deviating
appreciable conformed deviation
appreciably conforming deviations
appreciated conformist displace
appreciates conformists displaced
appreciating conformity displacement
appreciation conforms displaces
unappreciated nonconformist displacing
arbitrary nonconformists drama
arbitrariness nonconformity dramas
arbitrarily non-conformist dramatic
automate non-conformists dramatically
automatic non-conformity dramatise
automated contemporary dramatised
automates contemporaries dramatising
automating contradict dramatises
automatically contradicted dramatisation
 dramatisations inspect predominance
dramatist inspected predominantly
dramatists inspecting predominate
dramatization inspection predominated
dramatizations inspections predominates
dramatize inspector predominating
dramatized inspectors prospect
dramatizes inspects prospective
dramatizing intense prospects
eventual intensely radical
eventuality intenseness radically
eventually intensification radicals
exhibit intensified random
exhibited intensifies randomly
exhibiting intensify randomness
exhibition intensifying reinforce
exhibitions intension reinforced
exhibits intensity reinforcement
exploit intensive reinforcements
exploitation intensively reinforces
exploited manipulate reinforcing
exploiting manipulated restore
exploits manipulates restoration
fluctuate manipulating restored
fluctuated manipulation restores
fluctuates manipulations restoring
fluctuating manipulative revise
fluctuation minimise revised
fluctuations minimised revises
guideline minimises revising
guidelines minimising revision
highlight minimize revisions
highlighted minimized schedule
highlighting minimizes reschedule
highlights minimizing rescheduled
implicit nuclear reschedules
implicitly offset rescheduling
induce offsets scheduled
induced offsetting schedules
induces paragraph scheduling
inducing paragraphing unscheduled
induction paragraphs tense
inevitable plus tension
inevitability pluses tensely
inevitably practitioner tenser
infrastructure practitioners tensest
infrastructures predominant tensions
terminate
terminal
terminals
terminated
terminates
terminating
termination
terminations
theme
themes
thematic
thematically
thereby
uniform
uniformity
uniformly
vehicle
vehicles
via
virtual
virtually
visual
visualise
visualised
visualising
visualisation
visualize
visualized
visualizing
visualization
visually
widespread
Sublist 9 of the Academic Word List
coinciding distort
accommodate coincidence distorted
accommodated coincidences distorting
accommodates coincident distortion
accommodating coincidental distortions
accommodation commence distorts
analogy commenced duration
analogies commences erode
analogous commencement eroded
anticipate commencing erodes
anticipated recommences eroding
anticipates recommenced erosion
anticipating recommencing ethic
anticipation compatible ethical
unanticipated compatibility ethically
assure incompatibility ethics
assurance incompatible unethical
assurances concurrent format
assured concurrently formatted
assuredly confine formatting
assures confined formats
assuring confines found
attain confining founded
attainable unconfined founder
attained controversy founders
attaining controversies founding
attainment controversial unfounded
attainments controversially inherent
attains uncontroversial inherently
unattainable converse insight
behalf conversely insightful
bulk device insights
bulky devices integral
cease devote intermediate
ceased devoted manual
ceaseless devotedly manually
ceases devotes manuals
ceasing devoting mature
coherent devotion immature
coherence devotions immaturity
coherently diminish maturation
incoherent diminished maturational
incoherently diminishes matured
coincide diminishing matures
coincided diminution maturing
coincides undiminished maturity
mediate relax supplements
mediated relaxation suspend
mediates relaxed suspended
mediating relaxes suspending
mediation relaxing suspends
medium restrain suspension
military restrained team
minimal restraining teamed
minimalisation restrains teaming
minimalise restraint teams
minimalises restraints temporary
minimalised unrestrained temporarily
minimalising revolution trigger
minimalist revolutionary triggered
minimalists revolutionaries triggering
minimalistic revolutionise triggers
minimalization revolutionised unify
minimalize revolutionises unification
minimalized revolutionising unified
minimalizes revolutionist unifies
minimalizing revolutionists unifying
minimally revolutionize violate
mutual revolutionized violated
mutually revolutionizes violates
norm revolutionizing violating
norms revolutions violation
overlap rigid violations
overlapped rigidities vision
overlapping rigidity visions
overlaps rigidly
passive route
passively routed
passivity routes
portion routing
portions scenario
preliminary scenarios
preliminaries sphere
protocol spheres
protocols spherical
qualitative spherically
qualitatively subordinate
refine subordinates
refined subordination
refinement supplement
refinements supplementary
refines supplemented
refining supplementing
Sublist 10 of the Academic Word List
adjacent enormously undergone
albeit forthcoming underwent
assemble incline whereby
assembled inclination
assembles inclinations
assemblies inclined
assembling inclines
assembly inclining
collapse integrity
collapsed intrinsic
collapses intrinsically
collapsible invoke
collapsing invoked
colleague invokes
colleagues invoking
compile levy
compilation levies
compilations likewise
compiled nonetheless
compiles notwithstanding
compiling odd
conceive odds
conceivable ongoing
conceivably panel
conceived panelled
conceives panelling
conceiving panels
inconceivable persist
inconceivably persisted
convince persistence
convinced persistent
convinces persistently
convincing persisting
convincingly persists
unconvinced pose
depress posed
depressed poses
depresses posing
depressing reluctance
depression reluctant
encounter reluctantly
encountered so-called
encountering straightforward
encounters undergo
enormous undergoes
enormity undergoing
Headwords of the Academic Word List

This list contains the head words of the families in the Academic Word List. The numbers
indicate the sublist of the Academic Word List, with Sublist 1 containing the most frequent
words, Sublist 2 the next most frequent and so on. For example, abandon and its family
members are in Sublist 8 of the Academic Word List.

abandon 8 assemble 10 colleague 10

abstract 6 assess 1 commence 9
academy 5 assign 6 comment 3
access 4 assist 2 commission 2
accommodate 9 assume 1 commit 4
accompany 8 assure 9 commodity 8
accumulate 8 attach 6 communicate 4
accurate 6 attain 9 community 2
achieve 2 attitude 4 compatible 9
acknowledge 6 attribute 4 compensate 3
acquire 2 author 6 compile 10
adapt 7 authority 1 complement 8
adequate 4 automate 8 complex 2
adjacent 10 available 1 component 3
adjust 5 aware 5 compound 5
administrate 2 behalf 9 comprehensive 7
adult 7 benefit 1 comprise 7
advocate 7 bias 8 compute 2
affect 2 bond 6 conceive 10
aggregate 6 brief 6 concentrate 4
aid 7 bulk 9 concept 1
albeit 10 capable 6 conclude 2
allocate 6 capacity 5 concurrent 9
alter 5 category 2 conduct 2
alternative 3 cease 9 confer 4
ambiguous 8 challenge 5 confine 9
amend 5 channel 7 confirm 7
analogy 9 chapter 2 conflict 5
analyse 1 chart 8 conform 8
annual 4 chemical 7 consent 3
anticipate 9 circumstance 3 consequent 2
apparent 4 cite 6 considerable 3
append 8 civil 4 consist 1
appreciate 8 clarify 8 constant 3
approach 1 classic 7 constitute 1
appropriate 2 clause 5 constrain 3
approximate 4 code 4 construct 2
arbitrary 8 coherent 9 consult 5
area 1 coincide 9 consume 2
aspect 2 collapse 10 contact 5

28
contemporary 8 discriminate 6 exclude 3
context 1 displace 8 exhibit 8
contract 1 display 6 expand 5
contradict 8 dispose 7 expert 6
contrary 7 distinct 2 explicit 6
contrast 4 distort 9 exploit 8
contribute 3 distribute 1 export 1
controversy 9 diverse 6 expose 5
convene 3 document 3 external 5
converse 9 domain 6 extract 7
convert 7 domestic 4 facilitate 5
convince 10 dominate 3 factor 1
cooperate 6 draft 5 feature 2
coordinate 3 drama 8 federal 6
core 3 duration 9 fee 6
corporate 3 dynamic 7 file 7
correspond 3 economy 1 final 2
couple 7 edit 6 finance 1
create 1 element 2 finite 7
credit 2 eliminate 7 flexible 6
criteria 3 emerge 4 fluctuate 8
crucial 8 emphasis 3 focus 2
culture 2 empirical 7 format 9
currency 8 enable 5 formula 1
cycle 4 encounter 10 forthcoming 10
data 1 energy 5 foundation 7
debate 4 enforce 5 found 9
decade 7 enhance 6 framework 3
decline 5 enormous 10 function 1
deduce 3 ensure 3 fund 3
define 1 entity 5 fundamental 5
definite 7 environment 1 furthermore 6
demonstrate 3 equate 2 gender 6
denote 8 equip 7 generate 5
deny 7 equivalent 5 generation 5
depress 10 erode 9 globe 7
derive 1 error 4 goal 4
design 2 establish 1 grade 7
despite 4 estate 6 grant 4
detect 8 estimate 1 guarantee 7
deviate 8 ethic 9 guideline 8
device 9 ethnic 4 hence 4
devote 9 evaluate 2 hierarchy 7
differentiate 7 eventual 8 highlight 8
dimension 4 evident 1 hypothesis 4
diminish 9 evolve 5 identical 7
discrete 5 exceed 6 identify 1

29
ideology 7 intrinsic 10 monitor 5
ignorance 6 invest 2 motive 6
illustrate 3 investigate 4 mutual 9
image 5 invoke 10 negate 3
immigrate 3 involve 1 network 5
impact 2 isolate 7 neutral 6
implement 4 issue 1 nevertheless 6
implicate 4 item 2 nonetheless 10
implicit 8 job 4 norm 9
imply 3 journal 2 normal 2
impose 4 justify 3 notion 5
incentive 6 label 4 notwithstanding 10
incidence 6 labour 1 nuclear 8
incline 10 layer 3 objective 5
income 1 lecture 6 obtain 2
incorporate 6 legal 1 obvious 4
index 6 legislate 1 occupy 4
indicate 1 levy 10 occur 1
individual 1 liberal 5 odd 10
induce 8 licence 5 offset 8
inevitable 8 likewise 10 ongoing 10
infer 7 link 3 option 4
infrastructure 8 locate 3 orient 5
inherent 9 logic 5 outcome 3
inhibit 6 maintain 2 output 4
initial 3 major 1 overall 4
initiate 6 manipulate 8 overlap 9
injure 2 manual 9 overseas 6
innovate 7 margin 5 panel 10
input 6 mature 9 paradigm 7
insert 7 maximise 3 paragraph 8
insight 9 mechanism 4 parallel 4
inspect 8 media 7 parameter 4
instance 3 mediate 9 participate 2
institute 2 medical 5 partner 3
instruct 6 medium 9 passive 9
integral 9 mental 5 perceive 2
integrate 4 method 1 percent 1
integrity 10 migrate 6 period 1
intelligence 6 military 9 persist 10
intense 8 minimal 9 perspective 5
interact 3 minimise 8 phase 4
intermediate 9 minimum 6 phenomenon 7
internal 4 ministry 6 philosophy 3
interpret 1 minor 3 physical 3
interval 6 mode 7 plus 8
intervene 7 modify 5 policy 1

30
portion 9 reject 5 specify 3
pose 10 relax 9 sphere 9
positive 2 release 7 stable 5
potential 2 relevant 2 statistic 4
practitioner 8 reluctance 10 status 4
precede 6 rely 3 straightforward 10
precise 5 remove 3 strategy 2
predict 4 require 1 stress 4
predominant 8 research 1 structure 1
preliminary 9 reside 2 style 5
presume 6 resolve 4 submit 7
previous 2 resource 2 subordinate 9
primary 2 respond 1 subsequent 4
prime 5 restore 8 subsidy 6
principal 4 restrain 9 substitute 5
principle 1 restrict 2 successor 7
prior 4 retain 4 sufficient 3
priority 7 reveal 6 sum 4
proceed 1 revenue 5 summary 4
process 1 reverse 7 supplement 9
professional 4 revise 8 survey 2
prohibit 7 revolution 9 survive 7
project 4 rigid 9 suspend 9
promote 4 role 1 sustain 5
proportion 3 route 9 symbol 5
prospect 8 scenario 9 tape 6
protocol 9 schedule 8 target 5
psychology 5 scheme 3 task 3
publication 7 scope 6 team 9
publish 3 section 1 technical 3
purchase 2 sector 1 technique 3
pursue 5 secure 2 technology 3
qualitative 9 seek 2 temporary 9
quote 7 select 2 tense 8
radical 8 sequence 3 terminate 8
random 8 series 4 text 2
range 2 sex 3 theme 8
ratio 5 shift 3 theory 1
rational 6 significant 1 thereby 8
react 3 similar 1 thesis 7
recover 6 simulate 7 topic 7
refine 9 site 2 trace 6
regime 4 so-called 10 tradition 2
region 2 sole 7 transfer 2
register 3 somewhat 7 transform 6
regulate 2 source 1 transit 5
reinforce 8 specific 1 transmit 7

31
transport 6 unique 7 visible 7
trend 5 utilise 6 vision 9
trigger 9 valid 3 visual 8
ultimate 7 vary 1 volume 3
undergo 10 vehicle 8 voluntary 7
underlie 6 version 5 welfare 5
undertake 4 via 8 whereas 5
uniform 8 violate 9 whereby 10
unify 9 virtual 8 widespread 8

32
Most Frequent Words of the Academic Word List by Sublist

Sublist 1 of the Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in Families

This sublist contains the most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic
Corpus.

analysis percent
approach period
area policy
assessment principle
assume procedure
authority process
available required
benefit research
concept response
consistent role
constitutional section
context sector
contract significant
create similar
data source
definition specific
derived structure
distribution theory
economic variables
environment
established
estimate
evidence
export
factors
financial
formula
function
identified
income
indicate
individual
interpretation
involved
issues
labour
legal
legislation
major
method
occur

33
Sublist 2 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in Families
This sublist contains the second most frequent words in the Academic Word List from the
Academic Corpus.

achieve purchase
acquisition range
administration region
affect regulations
appropriate relevant
aspects resident
assistance resources
categories restricted
chapter security
commission sought
community select
complex site
computer strategies
conclusion survey
conduct text
consequences traditional
construction transfer
consumer
credit
cultural
design
distinction
elements
equation
evaluation
features
final
focus
impact
injury
institute
investment
items
journal
maintenance
normal
obtained
participation
perceived
positive
potential
previous
primary
Sublist 3 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in Families
This sublist contains the third most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the
Academic Corpus.

alternative published
circumstances reaction
comments registered
compensation reliance
components removed
consent scheme
considerable sequence
constant sex
constraints shift
contribution specified
convention sufficient
coordination task
core technical
corporate techniques
corresponding technology
criteria validity
deduction volume
demonstrate
document
dominant
emphasis
ensure
excluded
framework
funds
illustrated
immigration
implies
initial
instance
interaction
justification
layer
link
location
maximum
minorities
negative
outcomes
partnership
philosophy
physical
proportion
Sublist 4 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in Families
This sublist contains the fourth most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the
Academic Corpus.

access predicted
adequate principal
annual prior
apparent professional
approximated project
attitudes promote
attributed regime
civil resolution
code retained
commitment series
communication statistics
concentration status
conference stress
contrast subsequent
cycle sum
debate summary
despite undertaken
dimensions
domestic
emerged
error
ethnic
goals
granted
hence
hypothesis
implementation
implications
imposed
integration
internal
investigation
job
label
mechanism
obvious
occupational
option
output
overall
parallel
parameters
phase
Sublist 5 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in Families

academic pursue
adjustment ratio
alter rejected
amendment revenue
aware stability
capacity styles
challenge substitution
clause sustainable
compounds symbolic
conflict target
consultation transition
contact trend
decline version
discretion welfare
draft whereas
enable
energy
enforcement
entities
equivalent
evolution
expansion
exposure
external
facilitate
fundamental
generated
generation
image
liberal
licence
logic
marginal
medical
mental
modified
monitoring
network
notion
objective
orientation
perspective
precise
prime
psychology
Sublist 6 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in Families

abstract nevertheless
accurate overseas
acknowledged preceding
aggregate presumption
allocation rational
assigned recovery
attached revealed
author scope
bond subsidiary
brief tapes
capable trace
cited transformation
cooperative transport
discrimination underlying
display utility
diversity
domain
edition
enhanced
estate
exceed
expert
explicit
federal
fees
flexibility
furthermore
gender
ignored
incentive
incidence
incorporated
index
inhibition
initiatives
input
instructions
intelligence
interval
lecture
migration
minimum
ministry
motivation
neutral
Sublist 7 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in Families

adaptation release
adults reverse
advocate simulation
aid solely
channel somewhat
chemical submitted
classical successive
comprehensive survive
comprise thesis
confirmed topic
contrary transmission
converted ultimately
couple unique
decades visible
definite voluntary
deny
differentiation
disposal
dynamic
eliminate
empirical
equipment
extract
file
finite
foundation
global
grade
guarantee
hierarchical
identical
ideology
inferred
innovation
insert
intervention
isolated
media
mode
paradigm
phenomenon
priority
prohibited
publication
quotation
Sublist 8 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in Families

abandon random
accompanied reinforced
accumulation restore
ambiguous revision
appendix schedule
appreciation tension
arbitrary termination
automatically theme
bias thereby
chart uniform
clarity vehicle
conformity via
commodity virtually
complement widespread
contemporary visual
contradiction
crucial
currency
denote
detected
deviation
displacement
dramatic
eventually
exhibit
exploitation
fluctuations
guidelines
highlighted
implicit
induced
inevitably
infrastructure
inspection
intensity
manipulation
minimised
nuclear
offset
paragraph
plus
practitioners
predominantly
prospect
radical
Sublist 9 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in Families

accommodation relaxed
analogous restraints
anticipated revolution
assurance rigid
attained route
behalf scenario
bulk sphere
ceases subordinate
coherence supplementary
coincide suspended
commenced team
incompatible temporary
concurrent trigger
confined unified
controversy violation
conversely vision
device
devoted
diminished
distorted/distortion -
equal figures
duration
erosion
ethical
format
founded
inherent
insights
integral
intermediate
manual
mature
mediation
medium
military
minimal
mutual
norms
overlap
passive
portion
preliminary
protocol
qualitative
refine
Sublist 10 of the Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in Families
This sublist contains the least frequent words of the Academic Word List in the
Academic Corpus.

adjacent
albeit
assembly
collapse
colleagues
compiled
conceived
convinced
depression
encountered
enormous
forthcoming
inclination
integrity
intrinsic
invoked
levy
likewise
nonetheless
notwithstanding
odd
ongoing
panel
persistent
posed
reluctant
so-called
straightforward
undergo
whereby