📘 CS607 – Artificial Intelligence – Full MCQs

with Answers (Lectures 1-22)

1. What is Artificial Intelligence?

A) Hardware design
B) Systems that mimic human intelligence
C) Data storage
D) Network programming
Answer: B

2. Which of the following is NOT a goal of AI?

A) Learning
B) Reasoning
C) Cooking food
D) Perception
Answer: C

3. What does the 'A' stand for in PEAS?

A) Agent
B) Actuator
C) Algorithm
D) Action
Answer: B

4. Which agent type acts only based on the current percept?

A) Simple reflex agent

B) Model-based agent
C) Goal-based agent
D) Utility-based agent
Answer: A
5. Which of these is an uninformed search strategy?

A) A* Search
B) Breadth First Search (BFS)
C) Greedy Search
D) Hill Climbing
Answer: B

6. What is a heuristic function used for?

A) To find the exact cost

B) To estimate the cost to reach the goal
C) To design UI
D) To store data
Answer: B

7. Which algorithm uses f(n) = g(n) + h(n)?

A) BFS
B) DFS
C) A* Search
D) Uniform Cost Search
Answer: C

8. In propositional logic, what does the symbol '∧' represent?

A) OR
B) AND
C) NOT
D) IMPLICATION
Answer: B

9. Which of the following is a component of an expert system?

A) Compiler
B) Inference engine
C) Operating system
D) Database
Answer: B

10. Which logic uses predicates and quantifiers?

A) Propositional logic
B) Predicate logic
C) Semantic logic
D) Boolean logic
Answer: B

11. Which of the following is NOT a type of agent?

A) Simple reflex agent

B) Utility-based agent
C) Learning agent
D) Physical agent only
Answer: D

12. Which search strategy explores nodes in the order of their distance from the
root?

A) DFS
B) BFS
C) A* Search
D) Hill Climbing
Answer: B

13. What is forward chaining?

A) Reasoning from facts to conclusions

B) Reasoning from goals to facts
C) Backtracking
D) Loop detection
Answer: A
14. Which of these is a machine learning category?

A) Supervised learning
B) Unsupervised learning
C) Reinforcement learning
D) All of the above
Answer: D

15. Which search algorithm is complete and optimal if step costs are equal?

A) DFS
B) BFS
C) Hill Climbing
D) Greedy Best First Search
Answer: B

16. In knowledge representation, what is a semantic network?

A) A graph of concepts linked by relationships

B) A set of rules only
C) A data structure for databases
D) A type of neural network
Answer: A

17. Which of these describes a learning agent?

A) Does not learn from environment

B) Uses past experiences to improve performance
C) Has no goal
D) Only uses predefined rules
Answer: B

18. Which of the following is true about the Uniform Cost Search?

A) It is uninformed
B) It expands the least-cost node first
C) It is optimal
D) All of the above
Answer: D

19. What is backward chaining?

A) Reasoning from goals to facts

B) Reasoning from facts to goals
C) Searching backward from root
D) Depth first search
Answer: A

20. Which of these is a disadvantage of the Waterfall model in SDLC?

A) Easy to manage
B) Poor for changing requirements
C) Linear process
D) Clear milestones
Answer: B

21. Which of the following is NOT a heuristic search algorithm?

A) A*
B) Greedy Best First Search
C) BFS
D) Hill Climbing
Answer: C

22. What does the term 'entailment' mean in logic?

A) Deriving new facts from known facts

B) All models that satisfy KB also satisfy sentence
C) A truth table operation
D) A rule-based inference
Answer: B
23. In expert systems, which chaining starts from known facts and applies rules
to infer new facts?

A) Forward chaining
B) Backward chaining
C) Side chaining
D) Random chaining
Answer: A

24. Which of the following is a characteristic of a utility-based agent?

A) Acts randomly
B) Maximizes expected utility
C) Follows fixed rules
D) Does not learn
Answer: B

25. Which machine learning technique uses labeled data?

A) Supervised learning
B) Unsupervised learning
C) Reinforcement learning
D) None
Answer: A

1. Introduction to AI

1. What is the main goal of Artificial Intelligence?

A) To create systems that perform tasks requiring human intelligence
B) To develop hardware components
C) To design user interfaces
D) To manage databases
Answer: A
2. Which of the following is NOT an application of AI?
A) Speech recognition
B) Image processing
C) Database indexing
D) Autonomous vehicles
Answer: C
3. AI was first coined in which year?
A) 1943
B) 1956
 C) 1969
D) 1978
Answer: B
4. Which phase in AI history is known as the "AI Winter"?
A) 1950s
B) 1960s
C) 1970s-80s
D) 1990s
Answer: C

2. Intelligent Agents

5. What does PEAS stand for?

A) Performance, Environment, Actuators, Sensors
B) Performance, Execution, Actuators, Sensors
C) Process, Environment, Agents, Sensors
D) Performance, Environment, Algorithms, Sensors
Answer: A
6. A simple reflex agent bases its actions on:
A) History of percepts
B) Current percept only
C) Future predictions
D) Utility functions
Answer: B
7. Which type of agent uses a model of the world?
A) Simple reflex agent
B) Model-based reflex agent
C) Goal-based agent
D) Utility-based agent
Answer: B
8. Utility-based agents decide actions based on:
A) Goals only
B) Rules only
C) Utility values representing preferences
D) Random selection
Answer: C

3. Problem Solving and Search

9. Breadth-First Search (BFS) explores nodes:

A) Depth first
B) Level wise
 C) Randomly
D) Based on cost
Answer: B
10. Depth-First Search (DFS) is:
A) Complete and optimal
B) Not complete and not optimal
C) Complete but not optimal
D) Optimal but not complete
Answer: B
11. Uniform Cost Search expands nodes based on:
A) Depth
B) Breadth
C) Path cost
D) Heuristic value
Answer: C
12. A* search uses:
A) g(n) + h(n)
B) g(n) only
C) h(n) only
D) Neither g(n) nor h(n)
Answer: A
13. Heuristic function estimates:
A) Actual cost to goal
B) Cost from start to node
C) Estimated cost from node to goal
D) Number of nodes expanded
Answer: C
14. Which search is uninformed?
A) A* Search
B) Greedy Best-First Search
C) BFS
D) Hill climbing
Answer: C

4. Knowledge Representation

15. Propositional logic deals with:

A) Objects and relations
B) True or false statements
C) Quantifiers
D) Rules
Answer: B

A) ∨
16. Which symbol represents logical AND in propositional logic?
 B) ∧
C) ¬
D) →
Answer: B
17. Predicate logic adds which feature over propositional logic?
A) Variables and quantifiers
B) Only true or false values
C) No variables
D) Graphs
Answer: A
18. Semantic networks represent knowledge as:
A) Rules
B) Nodes and edges
C) Equations
D) Lists
Answer: B
19. Frames are used to represent:
A) General concepts and their properties
B) Only logical formulas
C) Numerical data
D) Search strategies
Answer: A

5. Expert Systems

20. An expert system's knowledge base contains:

A) User inputs
B) Logical rules and facts
C) Hardware specs
D) UI elements
Answer: B
21. The inference engine:
A) Collects data from users
B) Applies logical rules to knowledge base
C) Displays results
D) Stores facts
Answer: B
22. Forward chaining starts from:
A) Goals
B) Facts
C) Random nodes
D) Rules
Answer: B
 23. Backward chaining starts from:
A) Facts
B) Goals
C) Data
D) Rules
Answer: B

6. Machine Learning Basics

24. Supervised learning requires:

A) Unlabeled data
B) Labeled data
C) No data
D) Random data
Answer: B
25. Unsupervised learning is used for:
A) Classification
B) Regression
C) Clustering
D) Forecasting
Answer: C
26. Decision trees are used for:
A) Classification and regression
B) Only regression
C) Only clustering
D) Neural networks
Answer: A
27. Neural networks are inspired by:
A) Decision rules
B) Biological brains
C) Algorithms
D) Logic gates
Answer: B

Mixed/General MCQs

28. The Turing test checks for:

A) Machine intelligence
B) Speed of computation
C) Memory size
D) Programming language
Answer: A
29. Which is an example of a learning agent?
A) Simple reflex agent
B) Chess playing program that improves over time
C) Calculator
D) Database system
Answer: B
30. Which search is optimal if path cost is non-uniform?
A) DFS
B) BFS
C) Uniform Cost Search
D) Greedy Search
Answer: C
31. Which is a heuristic search?
A) BFS
B) DFS
C) A* Search
D) Uniform Cost Search
Answer: C
32. Which agent type can handle partially observable environments?
A) Simple reflex agent
B) Model-based agent
C) Goal-based agent
D) Utility-based agent

33. Which logic uses quantifiers like ∀ and ∃?

Answer: B

A) Propositional logic
B) Predicate logic
C) Modal logic
D) Fuzzy logic
Answer: B
34. Which of the following is NOT a component of expert systems?
A) Knowledge base
B) Inference engine
C) Sensors
D) User interface
Answer: C
35. Which machine learning algorithm builds a tree of decisions?
A) Neural network
B) Decision tree
C) K-means
D) SVM
Answer: B
36. Which is NOT a type of search strategy?
A) Informed
B) Uninformed
C) Reinforced
 D) Heuristic
Answer: C
37. Which of these is NOT an AI application?
A) Spam filtering
B) Weather forecasting
C) Database management
D) Self-driving cars
Answer: C
38. The best first search selects nodes based on:
A) Depth
B) Heuristic value
C) Path cost
D) Random order
Answer: B
39. Frames are used to:
A) Represent procedural knowledge
B) Store images
C) Represent structured knowledge with slots
D) Define algorithms
Answer: C
40. Backward chaining is often used in:
A) Diagnostic systems
B) Image processing
C) Robotics
D) Speech recognition
Answer: A
41. Which is NOT a characteristic of intelligent agents?
A) Reactivity
B) Autonomy
C) Randomness
D) Social ability
Answer: C
42. A heuristic function should be:
A) Overestimating
B) Underestimating or equal to true cost
C) Random
D) Irrelevant
Answer: B
43. In propositional logic, ¬ means:
A) And
B) Or
C) Not
D) Implies
Answer: C
44. The primary role of actuators in an agent is to:
A) Sense environment
 B) Execute actions
C) Store knowledge
D) Process data
Answer: B
45. In machine learning, training data is used to:
A) Test the model
B) Build the model
C) Ignore the model
D) Validate the model
Answer: B
46. Which search algorithm is NOT complete?
A) BFS
B) DFS
C) Uniform Cost Search
D) A* Search
Answer: B
47. Forward chaining is also called:
A) Data-driven reasoning
B) Goal-driven reasoning
C) Random reasoning
D) Backward reasoning
Answer: A
48. Which agent is best for complex decision making?
A) Simple reflex agent
B) Model-based agent
C) Utility-based agent
D) Random agent
Answer: C
49. Learning agents improve performance by:
A) Trial and error
B) Ignoring data
C) Following fixed rules
D) Random guessing
Answer: A
50. Which type of logic is commonly used in expert systems?
A) Fuzzy logic
B) Propositional logic
C) Predicate logic
D) All of the above
Answer: D