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01. Introduction to Arduino

The document provides an introduction to the Arduino Uno board, detailing its components, specifications, and setup instructions for the Arduino IDE and board driver installation. It highlights the board's features, including its microcontroller, input/output pins, and power options. Additionally, it includes guidance on navigating the Arduino software and understanding the notations used in the manual.

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Saeed Mahmud Ullah
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8 views

01. Introduction to Arduino

The document provides an introduction to the Arduino Uno board, detailing its components, specifications, and setup instructions for the Arduino IDE and board driver installation. It highlights the board's features, including its microcontroller, input/output pins, and power options. Additionally, it includes guidance on navigating the Arduino software and understanding the notations used in the manual.

Uploaded by

Saeed Mahmud Ullah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Arduino

Computer Peripherals and Interfacing Lab MZI BUP


Introduction
The Arduino (Uno) Board is a micro-controller board that was created to house the
ATmega328 chip. The chip is a high performance and low power 8-bit micro-controller that
has 23 programmable I/O lines, 32K bytes of flash memory (of which 0.5KB is already
used for the Boot loader), 1k bytes of EEPROM and 2k bytes of RAM. The Arduino Uno
board provides the user with 6 analog input pins, 14 digital I/O pins of which 6 of them can
also be used for PWM outputs, a power jack, a USB port, an ICSP header, a reset button,
a small LED connected to digital pin 13, and a 16MHz crystal oscillator [1]. (See Arduino
Uno Component View for more details about the parts.)

In comparison to earlier models, the board uses the Atmega8U2 programmed as a


USB-to-serial converter rather than the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip.

It is the latest in the Arduino USB board series and the current reference model for
the Arduino platform. The board is fairly easy to use and capable of doing a lot of things.

Setup & Installation


A. Arduino IDE (For Windows)
This part will guide you through the set up and installation process of the Integrated
Development Environment (IDE) that will be used throughout the exercises.
1. Open your default internet browser and access the Arduino website. Download the
latest Arduino IDE version. The software is compatible with Linux, Mac and
Windows so just choose the one that matches your OS. The Arduino download
page is at http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Software [2].

Figure 1: A part of Arduino Website’s download page. The current version at this time was
0022. Arduino allows you to install its IDE on several platforms (see encircled)

Computer Peripherals and Interfacing Lab MZI BUP


2. After downloading the compressed file, extract its contents to your preferred
directory (C:\Program Files, your Desktop or etc…). Note that the whole
folder size is around 200MB when completely extracted [2].

Figure 2: Screenshot of attempt to extract the zipped Arduino folder. Make sure you have an
archive utility such as 7zip or WinRAR.

3. Congratulations! Arduino IDE is installed on your computer. To use it, just navigate
to your main folder directory and run the Arduino application [2].

Figure 3: Screenshot of what’s inside the Arduino-0022 folder. The application icon
looks like an infinity symbol.

Computer Peripherals and Interfacing Lab MZI BUP


B. Arduino Uno board driver (For Windows)
This part will guide you through the set-up and installation process of the Arduino Uno
board driver for the device to be recognized by the IDE.
1. Connect the Arduino UNO to the computer via USB Cable (A on fig. 4) [2]. Check if
it is properly connected by observing the green LED labeled ON (B on fig. 4) on the
board.

Figure 4: Photo of Arduino Uno board connected to a Computer. Note that the board’s USB-B port.

2. Wait for Windows to try and install the device’s driver until it fails. Navigate to the
Device Manager through Start > Control Panel > Device Manager. Locate the
Arduino Uno Device. Right-click it to choose Update Driver Software [2].

Figure 5: Screenshot of the Device Manager. The Arduino Uno should have an exclamation point.

Computer Peripherals and Interfacing Lab MZI BUP


3. Choose to browse your computer for the driver by clicking Browse my computer
for driver software [2].

Figure 6: Screenshot of the options for searching the device driver. Choose the second option
so that you can look for it in your hard disk.

4. A new window will open for you to indicate the location of the driver. Click Browse…

Figure 7: Screenshot of the browse option menu. Choose the first option which is to look manually
for the folder that contains the Arduino Uno board’s driver.

Computer Peripherals and Interfacing Lab MZI BUP


5. Navigate to your Arduino folder and choose the drivers folder. Click OK upon
selection [2].

Figure 8: Screenshot of navigating through the Arduino software folder. Note that the drivers
folder was chosen rather than the FTDI USB Drivers (It was mentioned earlier that only preceding
models use this)

6. A Windows Security window sometimes pops up to confirm if you want to continue


the installation. Just click, Install this driver software anyway.

Figure 9: Screenshot of pop-up window. Windows can’t verify the publisher of the device software
but we know that the software’s publisher is Arduino.

Computer Peripherals and Interfacing Lab MZI BUP


7. Wait for Windows to finish installing the device driver. Upon completion, you should
see an installation successful message. Congratulations and click Close. You are
ready to start programming using Arduino!

Figure 10: Screenshot of successful driver installation of the Uno board. The next step is to
start doing the exercises.

Computer Peripherals and Interfacing Lab MZI BUP


Arduino Uno Board
A. Schematic Diagram
This section provides the schematic diagram of the Arduino Uno board.

Figure 11: Schematic Diagram of the Arduino Uno board. It is possible to create the board
by yourself just purchase the necessary components.

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Computer Peripherals and Interfacing Lab MZI BUP


B. Component View
A pictorial view of the Arduino Uno board’s peripherals can be found in this section.

Figure 12: Photo of the Arduino Uno Board taken from [1]. The components are labelled and a brief
explanation of each one is provided at the next part.

Component Explanations (taken from [1])


• Analog input pins – pins (A0-A5) that take-in analog values to be converted to be
represented with a number range 0-1023 through an Analog to Digital Converter
(ADC).
• ATmega328 chip – 8-bit microcontroller that processes the sketch you
programmed.
• Built-in LED – in order to gain access or control of this pin, you have to change the
configuration of pin 13 where it is connected to.
• Crystal Oscillator – clock that has a frequency of 16MHz
• DC Jack – where the power source (AC-to-DC adapter or battery) should be
connected. It is limited to input values between 6-20V but recommended to be
around 7-12V.
• Digital I/O pins – input and output pins (0-13) of which 6 of them (3, 5, 6, 9, 10 and
11) also provide PWM (Pulse Width Modulated) output by using the analogWrite()
function. Pins (0 (RX) and 1 (TX)) are also used to transmit and receive serial data.
• ICSP Header – pins for “In-Circuit Serial Programming” which is another method of
programming.
• ON indicator – LED that lights up when the board is connected to a power source.
• Power Pins – pins that can be used to supply a circuit with values VIN (voltage from
DC Jack), 3.3V and 5V.
• Reset Button – a button that is pressed whenever you need to restart the sketch
programmed in the board.
• USB port – allows the user to connect with a USB cable the board to a PC to
upload sketches or provide a voltage supply to the board. This is also used for
serial communication through the serial monitor from the Arduino software.

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Computer Peripherals and Interfacing Lab MZI BUP


Notations & Conventions
This section provides an explanation of the notations used throughout the manual.

• Code to be written in the sketch is written in courier font.


• Folder directories are also written in courier font.
• Boldface font may either indicate an instruction or a series of buttons and
menus to access.
• Italics indicate tips and hints to achieve a certain goal.

NOTE: The file naming conventions used in this manual are as follows: unless otherwise
specified, the filename of the final .pde files for each exercise will consist of the word
“exercise” concatenated with the exercise number. Most of these exercises build on from
previous ones, so it would be a good practice to use File > Save As… in saving your files
to avoid unwanted overwriting.

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Computer Peripherals and Interfacing Lab MZI BUP

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