LANGUAGE MODELS CAPABILITIES

1. Understanding Context: Large language models are trained on vast amounts of

text data, which helps them understand the context of a given piece of text. They
can grasp the meaning behind words and sentences by analyzing the surrounding
words and phrases.
2. Generating Human-like Text: These models can generate human-like text based
on the input they receive. They can write stories, poems, articles, and even answer
questions in a way that sounds natural, similar to how a person would write or speak.
3. Adapting to Different Tasks: While they're pre-trained on a wide range of text,
large language models can be fine-tuned for specific tasks, such as translation,
summarization, question-answering, or sentiment analysis. This adaptability makes
them versatile for various applications.
4. Contextual Understanding: Large language models excel at understanding the
nuances of language. They can differentiate between words with multiple meanings
based on the context in which they're used, improving the accuracy of their
responses.
5. Learning from Feedback: Some models are designed to learn from feedback.
When provided with corrections or additional information, they can adjust their
responses accordingly, improving their performance over time.
6. Generating Creative Content: These models can come up with creative and
original content. They can write poetry, compose music, or even generate artwork
based on the input they're given, showcasing their ability to think creatively
7. Language translators: They're multilingual. Given some text, they can translate it
to another language, similar to a skilled translator who understands different
tongues.
8. Mimicry masters: They can mimic different writing styles and tones, like
switching between a funny story and a serious report. It's like having several actors
who can adapt their voices depending on the scene.
9. Chameleon-like Communication: LLMs can adapt their communication style to
match who they're talking to. They can write like a scientist, a poet, or even a child,
depending on the context and prompts they receive.
OPEN-SOURCE SMALL LANGUAGE MODELS
• GPT-2
• PolyLM
• Polyglot
• DistilGPT
• TinyBERT
• ALBERT
• BERT4Rec
• TinyGPT
• T5-3B
• MobileBERT
• MobileNetV2
• SqueezeBERT
• Jurassic-1 Jumbo
• Hugging Face (DistilBERT, Funnel Transformer, MiniLM)
• Hugging Face Optimum
• Eleuther AI Bard
• Bloom Small
• Blenderbot 3 lite
• MosaicML (MPT, MPT Tiny)
• AlpacaLORA
• POET
• CerebrasGPT
• OpenFlamingo
• StableLM
• SantaCODER
• GPT-Neo
• Pythia
• OPT
• Fairseq
• CodeGEN
• NeMO
LARGE LANGUAGE MODELS APPLICATION FRAMEWORKS
LLM Training Frameworks:
• FairScale (PyTorch): This library optimizes PyTorch training for larger models,
improving performance and scaling.
• Megatron-LM: Ongoing research focused on training transformer models at
extreme scale. Offering advanced techniques for maximizing performance.
Developed by NVIDIA, Megatron-LM tackles the challenge of training massive
transformer models at scale, using model and data parallelism.
• Colossal-AI: Aims to make training large models more affordable and accessible
by addressing bottlenecks. This framework aims to make large AI models cheaper,
faster, and more accessible by providing efficient training tools
• BMTrain: Developed by ByteDance AI, this framework boasts efficient training
for big models. This library focuses on efficiency for training large models, offering
optimizations and techniques for speed and resource usage.
• Mesh TensorFlow: Simplifies model parallelism within the TensorFlow ecosystem.
• TensorFlow Text: TensorFlow Text is a library built on top of TensorFlow for
processing and modeling text data. It provides modules for tokenization,
preprocessing, and embedding text, making it suitable for building applications with
large language models. TensorFlow Text integrates seamlessly with other
TensorFlow components, allowing developers to create end-to-end pipelines for text
processing and modeling
• maxtext (Jax): Offers a simple, performant, and scalable option for LLM training
in Jax.
• Alpa: This system allows for training and serving large-scale neural networks,
providing a comprehensive solution for both stages of development
• Fairseq: Fairseq is an open-source sequence-to-sequence learning toolkit developed
by Facebook AI Research. It supports various tasks such as machine translation, text
summarization, and language modeling. Fairseq provides implementations of state-
of-the-art models like Transformer and BART (Bidirectional and Auto-Regressive
Transformers) and offers flexibility for custom model development and training
• PyTorch is a deep learning framework that is widely used for natural language
processing tasks. It is known for its dynamic computational graph, making it flexible
and suitable for research and development of language models
 • OpenNMT is an open-source neural machine translation framework that can be
adapted for various natural language processing tasks. It supports the development
of sequence-to-sequence models and is extensible for custom applications
• SpaCy is an open-source library for advanced natural language processing in
Python. While it's not primarily focused on large language models, it provides
efficient tools for tasks like tokenization, named entity recognition, and part-of-
speech tagging

Prompting Libraries & Tools:

• YiVal: An open-source GenAI-Ops tool for fine-tuning and evaluating prompts,
configurations, and model parameters. It offers customizable datasets, evaluation
methods, and improvement strategies. It allows you to experiment with different
approaches and find the best fit for your specific use case
• Guidance (Microsoft): Uses Handlebars templating to seamlessly combine
generation, prompting, and logical control. Offering a flexible way to interact with
your LLM. This library uses Handlebars templating to create complex prompt
sequences, allowing for dynamic control over language generation.
• LangChain: Popular in both Python and JavaScript, this library allows chaining
sequences of prompts for complex outputs. This popular library allows you to chain
sequences of prompts, enabling complex interactions and workflows with your
LLM. This makes it easy to build applications that involve multi-step interactions
with the LLM.
Application Development Frameworks:
• Gradio (Hugging Face): Enables rapid UI development for ML models, including
LLMs, offering pre-built components and customization. This open-source tool
allows you to quickly build user interfaces for your LLM models, making them
explorable, accessible and interactive
• Hugging Face's Transformers: the library is an open-source framework that
provides thousands of pre-trained models, tokenizers for Natural Language
Understanding (NLU) and Natural Language Generation (NLG) tasks. It supports
various architectures such as BERT, GPT, RoBERTa, etc., and offers a simple API
for model loading, fine-tuning, and inference. Transformers is widely used in both
research and production settings due to its extensive model zoo and community
support. It supports various tasks such as text generation, translation,
summarization, and question-answering.
• FlowiseAI: An open-source UI visual tool specifically designed for constructing
LLM flows using LangchainJS. Offering a user-friendly interface for building
complex applications. This visual tool simplifies LLM application development by
providing a drag-and-drop interface for building custom workflows with
LangchainJS.
• Streamlit: Simplifies building web apps with Python, integrating seamlessly with
Hugging Face Transformers.
• AllenNLP: AllenNLP is a natural language processing library built on top of
PyTorch. It provides pre-built modules and utilities for various NLP tasks such as
text classification, named entity recognition, and semantic parsing. AllenNLP
emphasizes modularity and extensibility, allowing developers to easily experiment
with different model architectures and incorporate external datasets and resources.
It is designed for both researchers and developers and provides pre-built models and
tools for building custom language applications.
• Jina: This AI framework allows combining LLMs with other AI components for
building intelligent applications