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L7 Gas Turbine

The document discusses heat engines, which convert heat energy into mechanical work, and classifies them into external and internal combustion engines. It specifically highlights gas turbines as a type of internal combustion engine known for their reliability and efficiency in producing mechanical power. The principles of operation for open and closed cycle gas turbines are explained, along with the ideal Joule-Brayton cycle assumptions.

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6 views11 pages

L7 Gas Turbine

The document discusses heat engines, which convert heat energy into mechanical work, and classifies them into external and internal combustion engines. It specifically highlights gas turbines as a type of internal combustion engine known for their reliability and efficiency in producing mechanical power. The principles of operation for open and closed cycle gas turbines are explained, along with the ideal Joule-Brayton cycle assumptions.

Uploaded by

frankestien
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Mechanical

Engineering
(Credit: 4.00)

ME 1203

Dr. Mohammad Sultan Mahmud


Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Heat engines:
Heat engines convert the heat available from a heat
source (e.g. heat of fuel combustion) to Mechanical
Work and heat which is rejected to a heat sink at a
lower temperature.
Heat engines are dynamic systems that offer a well-
understood, energy-dense, reliable, and large-scale
means of converting stored heat to electricity.
Heat engines are devices that convert heat energy to
mechanical energy.
Classifications
Heat engines may be divided into two main classes,
according to where the combustion of fuel takes place.
In one class, the combustion of fuel takes place outside
the cylinder, and such an engine is called external
combustion engine. The most common examples of this
class are steam engines and steam turbines, where the
working medium is steam.
When the combustion of fuel takes place inside the
engine cylinder so that the products of combustion
directly act on the piston, the engine is known as
internal combustion engine. Diesel engine, gas engine
and petrol engine are the common examples of this
class where the working medium is the products of
combustion.
GAS TURBINE
Gas turbine is a rotary type internal combustion
thermal prime mover. The gas turbine plant work on a
gas power cycle.
Of the various means of producing mechanical power,
the gas turbine is in many respects the most
satisfactory one. Its outstanding advantages are:
- exceptional reliability,
- freedom from vibration,
- ability to utilize grades of fuel not suitable for
high performance spark-ignition engines, and
- ability to produce large bulk of power from
units of comparatively small size and weight.
Figure 1: Elements of a gas turbine power
plant.
Principles of Working of Ideal
Open Cycle gas Turbine
Continuous-combustion gas turbine, is further classified
as open cycle and closed cycle. In the more common
open cycle gas turbine, fresh atmospheric air is drawn
into the circuit continuously and heat is added by the
combustion of fuel in the working fluid
itself. In this case the products of combustion are
expanded through the turbine and exhausted to
atmosphere.
In the closed cycle, the same working fluid, be it air or
some other gas, is repeatedly re-circulated through the
plant components.
Figure 2: Section through a continuous-combustion
gas-turbine power plant.
Joule-Brayton Ideal Cycle
The configuration of a simple
single-shaft gas turbine is
shown in Figure 3, and the ideal
air-standard Joule-Brayton
cycle in P-V and T-s
coordinates planes is shown in
Figure 6 and 7. The air-standard
cycle is based on the following
assumptions:
● The working fluid is air.
● Air behaves likes a perfect
gas.
● The compression and Figure 3: Simple gas
expansion processes are turbine cycle.
isentropic and adiabatic.
● The combustion process is replaced with the
addition of heat from an external source at constant
pressure equal to the compressor delivery pressure.
● All pressure losses in the combustion chamber,
inlet, and exit ducts are ignored.
● No heat is lost or gained in the flow ducts and
combustion chamber.

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