´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

lh[kus ds çeq[k ifj.kke%

bl bdkbZ ds var esa] vki%
1- Vhe ds lnL;ksa ds lkFk lapkj ds egRo dks le>saxs
2- lgdfeZ;ksa ds lkFk Li"V lapkj cuk, j[ksaxs
3- Vhe ds :i esa lgdfeZ;ksa ds lkFk dke djsaxs
4- bl rjg ls dke djsaxs fd lgdfeZ;ksa ds çfr lEeku fn[kk,axs
5- lgdfeZ;ksa ls fd, x, oknksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, dke djsaxs
6- Vhe odZ ds nkSjku vkus okyh leL;kvksa dh igpku djsaxs vkSj muds lek/kku ds fy, igy djsaxs
7- lgdfeZ;ksa ds lkFk dke djrs le; laxBu dh uhfr;ksa vkSj çfØ;kvksa dk ikyu djsaxs
8- dk;Z çkFkfedrkvksa ds vuqlkj vU; lnL;ksa ds lkFk lalk/kuksa dks lk>k djsaxsA

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3-1- Vhe odZ

bdkbZ dk mís';
bl fo"k; ds var esa] vki%
1- Vhe ds lnL;ksa ds lkFk lapkj ds egRo dks le>saxs
2- lgdfeZ;ksa ds lkFk Li"V lapkj cuk, j[ksaxs
3- Vhe ds :i esa lgdfeZ;ksa ds lkFk dke djsaxs
4- bl rjg ls dke djsaxs fd lgdfeZ;ksa ds çfr lEeku fn[kk,axs
5- lgdfeZ;ksa ls fd, x, oknksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, dke djsaxs

3-1-1 Vhe odZ dk egRo

1- Vhe odZ ds egRo dks le>saxs
2- Vhe odZ dh t:jrksa dks le>saxs
3- Vhe odZ dks csgrj cukus ds rjhds [kkstsaxs
4- Vhe odZ ds ykHkksa dh lwph cuk,axs
5- Vhe odZ dh çHkko'khyrk dh O;k[;k djsaxs
6- 'kgjh xSl forj.k dk;ksZa esa VheodZ dk o.kZu djsaxsA

3-1-1-1 Vhe odZ ls ifjp;

l Vhe odZ ,d lkekU; y{; dks çkIr djus ;k fdlh dk;Z dks lcls çHkkoh vkSj dq'ky rjhds ls djus ds fy, Vhe
dk lg;ksxkRed ç;kl gksrk gSA
l Vheksa dks nks ;k nks ls vf/kd O;fDr;ksa ds lewg ¼lewgksa½ ds :i esa ns[kk tkrk gS] ftUgsa lk>k mís';ksa dhks iwjk djus
ds fy, lg;ksxkRed vkSj vuqdwy :i ls ckrphr djuh pkfg,A
l vktdy ds vk/kqfud laxBuksa us ,sls dk;ksaZ dks iwjk djus ds rjhds ds :i esa O;kid :i ls Vhe –f"Vdks.k dks
viuk;k gS tks O;fDrxr {kerkvksa dks ihNs NksM+rk gSA
l VheodZ mu yksxksa ds lewg ds lkFk mRiUu gksrk gS vkSj muds chp laca/k cukrk gS tks ,d leku #fp ;k mís';
lk>k djrs gSaA
l VheodZ esa dk;Z dq'kyrk esa lq/kkj djus esa ;ksxnku nsus okys lHkh yksxksa ds lkFk [kqyk lapkj 'kkfey gSA
l ,d Vhe tks ,d lkFk vPNk dke djrh gS og ,d lkFk lQy gks ldrh gS vkSj vPNs ifj.kke ns ldrh gSA fp=
3-1-1 vkSj 3-1-2 esa mnkgj.k ns[ksa] tks lQy Vhe odZ vkSj rkyesy dks çnf'kZr djrs gSaA

fp= 3-1-1 Vhe odZ dh lQyrk [kq'kh vkSj le`f) ykrh gS fp= 3-1-2 lk>k y{; dh fn'kk esa lg;ksxkRed ç;kl

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3-1-1-2 'kgjh xSl forj.k@LFkkiuk ds dk;ksZa esa Vhe odZ dh çHkko'khyrk

l lHkh 'kgjh xSl forj.k dk;ksZa dks lQyrkiwoZd iwjk djus ds fy, Vhe odZ egRoiw.kZ gSA
l ,d lkekU; fuekZ.k LFky esa dbZ vyx&vyx VªsM] çfrLi/khZ çkFkfedrk,a vkSj çlaLdj.k lhek 'kkfey gksrh gSaA dbZ
dk;Z fLFkfr;ksa esa yksx feyrs gSa vkSj Vhe ds :i esa dke djrs gSaA
l fuekZ.k ifj;kstuk esa] vuqca/k] foÙk] bathfu;fjax@fMtkbu] [kjhn@izkfIr] lkexzh] xq.koÙkk vk'[email protected]Ùkk fu;a=.k]
,p,lbZ] vkfn tSls dbZ foHkkx ¼Vhe½ gksrs gSaA fuekZ.k Vhe dk leFkZu djus okyh Vhe esa & dbZ fo"k;ksa tSls fd
flfoy] eSdsfudy] bysfDVªdy vkSj baLVªwesaVs'ku] ikbfiax] osfYMax] isafVax@dksfVax ds O;fDr vkSj Vhesa “kkfey gksrh
gSaA blfy,] ,d ifj;kstuk ds lQy gksus ds fy,] mls dbZ Vheksa ds lewg dh Vhe odZ dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
ikbfiax@ikbiykbu fuekZ.k@LFkkiuk xfrfof/k;ksa dks çR;{k ;k vçR;{k :i ls mijksDr lHkh Vheksa ds leFkZu dh
vko';drk gksrh gSA
l Ø‚l&daVªh ikbiykbuksa vkSj rVh; ikbiykbuksa dh LFkkiuk esa ,d fnu esa lSdM+ksa tksM+ksa dks fQV djuk vkSj cM+s
O;kl ¼16 bap O;kl ls 36 bap O;kl ds ikbi½ dh osfYMax vkSj fnu esa 2 ls 3 fdyksehVj rd ikbi fcNkuk 'kkfey
gSA bu Ø‚l&daVªh ikbiykbuksa vkSj rVh; ikbiykbuksa dh LFkkiuk esa dbZ ledkfyd vkSj ,d lkFk dbZ fuekZ.k@
LFkkiuk xfrfof/k;ka 'kkfey gksrh gSa] ftuds fy, u dsoy ,d Vhe ds Hkhrj cfYd ikbiykbu dk;ksaZ ls tqM+h vU;
lHkh Vheksa tSls Vªsafpax] csfMax] ikbi fLVªax@fQfVax] yksvfjax] fQfVax] osfYMax] fujh{k.k vkSj xSj&fouk'kdkjh ijh{k.k
¼jsfM;ksxzkQh] vYVªklksfud] vkfn½] dksfVax] cSdfQfyax] la?kuu] okYo] xkLdsV LFkkiuk vkSj cksfYVax] gkbMªksVsfLVax]
vkfn ds lkFk çHkkoh Vhe odZ dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
l Ø‚l&daVªh vkSj rVh; ikbiykbuksa dh LFkkiuk ds fy, le; fuf”pr gksrk gSA ikbiykbu fcNkus ds midj.k] Øsu
vkSj vU; lHkh cqfu;knh phtksa dks csdkj NksM+ fn;k tk,xk] vxj ,d Hkh Vhe çHkkoh <ax ls dke ugha dj jgh gksA
l rVh; ikbiykbu LFkkiuk cgqr pqukSrhiw.kZ vkSj egRoiw.kZ dk;Z gSA çfrdwy ekSle dh fLFkfr tSls gok dh xfr] gok dh
fn'kk] leqæh ygjsa] leqæ dh /kkjk] leqæh ty çokg dh fn'kk vkfn] ikbiykbu LFkkiuk dk;Z dh çxfr dks çHkkfor
djrs gSaA blfy,] deZpkfj;ksa dks ikbiykbu yxkus dk dke 'kq: djus vkSj vuqdwy ekSle ds nkSjku LFkkiuk dks
iwjk djus ds fy, lgh le; dh çrh{kk djuh pkfg,A
l çR;sd lsdaM ds fy, LFkkiuk ykxr ij gtkjksa #i;s [kpZ fd, tkrs gSaA ;fn ,d Vhe çHkkoh <ax ls dke ugha
dj jgh gS] rks lkewfgd Vhe odZ çHkkfor gksrk gS] ftlls u dsoy LFkkiuk dh ykxr c<+ tkrh gS] cfYd ckn dh
xfrfof/k;ksa vkSj çfØ;kvksa tSls ifj;kstuk fuekZ.k] deh'kfuax] lapkyu vkSj igys rsy mRiknu vkfn esa nsjh gks tkrh
gS] ftlls yk[kksa #i;s dk uqdlku gksrk gSA
3-1-1-3 Vhe odZ ds ykHk
l ,d lkFk dke djds] Vhesa ,sls lek/kku <wa< ldrh gSa tks csgrjhu gksaA
l Vhe odZ lHkh ds fy, fopkjksa dk vknku&çnku djus vkSj phtksa dks jpukRed rjhdksa ls djus dk vPNk volj
iznku djrk gSA
l Vhe çkstsDV deZpkfj;ksa dks muds ;ksxnku ij xoZ eglwl djus ds fy, çksRlkfgr djrs gSaA
l ;g çfrLi/khZ nqfu;k esa lQy gksus ds fy, u,@uohure fopkjksa dks çksRlkfgr vkSj iksf"kr djrk gSA
l ;g Kku dks ,sls O;kogkfjd ifj.kkeksa esa cnyrk gS ftlls laxBu dh lsokvksa esa lq/kkj gksrk gSA
l lwpuk] Kku vkSj vuqHko dks lk>k djus esa lgk;rk ds fy, fofHkUu lapkj çfØ;kvksa ¼çkS|ksfxdh lfgr½ dk mi;ksx
djsaA
l lsokvksa esa lq/kkj djus vkSj y{;ksa rd igqapus ds fy, uokpkj dh laL—fr dks c<+kok nsaA
l ,d ckj tc dksbZ Vhe lQy gks tkrh gS] rks muds fopkj&eaFku l= fcuk fdlh fgpfdpkgV ds uohu fopkjksa dks
mRiUu djsaxsA dbZ ekeyksa esa] tksf[ke Hkjk fopkj lcls vPNk fopkj cu tkrk gSA
l Vhe odZ deZpkfj;ksa dks vyx lkspus dh vktknh nsrk gSA

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Vhe odZ mRikndrk dks c<+krk gS D;ksafd ,d Vhe ds Hkhrj dke djus ls lnL;ksa ds chp dk;ZHkkj lk>k gksrk gS
vkSj çR;sd lnL; ds dkS'ky vkSj rkdr ds vuqlkj dke dk forj.k gksrk gSA
l dbZ O;fDr;ksa dh çfrHkkvksa dk la;kstu gksus ls ;ksxnku O;fDrxr lnL;ksa ds ;ksx ls vf/kd gksxkA
l dke ij vf/kd yksx gksaxs rkfd dk;ksaZ dks rsth ls vkSj vf/kd dq'kyrk ls iwjk fd;k tk lds] ftlls mRikndrk esa
o`f) gksA

fp= 3-1-3 Vhe odZ

vH;kl
I- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa ds mÙkj nsaA
1- Vhe odZ dks ifjHkkf"kr djsaA
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2- Vhe odZ ds D;k ykHk gSa\
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3- Vhe odZ ls mRikndrk dSls c<+rh gS\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
II- crk,a fd fuEufyf[kr dFku lgh gSa ;k xyrA
1- Vhe odZ dk;ZLFky esa dq'kyrk ls dke djus vkSj ,d nwljs dk leFkZu djus ds fy, ,drk dks çsfjr djrk gSA
lR; vlR;
2- tc yksx Vhe esa ,d lkFk dke djrs gSa rks jpukRedrk de gks tkrh gSA
lR; vlR;
3- Vhe ds :i esa dk;Z djuk lnL;ksa dks vf/kd tksf[ke ysus dh vuqefr nsrk gSA
lR; vlR;
4- Vhe odZ esa [kqyk lapkj çfrcaf/kr gSA
lR; vlR;

fVIif.k;ka
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3-1-2 Vhe odZ esa lapkj

bl fo"k; ds var esa] vki%
1- Vhe ds lnL;ksa ds lkFk lapkj ds egRo dks fu/kkZfjr djsaxs
2- vko';d çkFkfed lapkj dkS'ky dh lwph cuk,axs
3- funsZ'k çkIr djsaxs vkSj Vhe ds lnL;ksa ds lkFk tkudkjh lk>k djsaxs
4- ofj"B vf/kdkfj;ksa@i;Zos{kdksa ls Li"Vhdj.k vkSj lykg ysaxs
5- eqíksa vkSj leL;kvksa dh lwph cuk,axs
7- i;Zos{kd ds funsZ'kksa vkSj lykg dk ikyu djsaxs
8- fopyu] leL;kvksa vkSj eqíksa dh igpku djsaxs vkSj i;Zos{kd dks bUgsa fjiksVZ djsaA

3-1-2-1 lapkj dk egRo

l laxBu ds y{;ksa dks çkIr djus ds fy, lapkj vko';d gS D;ksafd blls vkRefo'okl c<+rk gSA
l vPNh Vhe dh lcls egRoiw.kZ fo'ks"krkvksa esa ls ,d [kqyk lapkj gSA

l vPNk lapkj deZpkfj;ksa dks ldkjkRed –f"Vdks.k ds lkFk vius dke dks csgrj <ax ls djus esa enn djrk gSA

l rduhdh tkudkjh dk Li"V] lVhd vkSj le; ij lapkj laxBukRed leL;kvksa tSlh ?kVuk dks jksdrk gS] iqu% dke
djus ls jksdrk gS vkSj dke esa nsjh dks lekIr djrk gSA
l Vhe tks [kqys lapkj dks çksRlkfgr djrh gS] lHkh dks fcuk fdlh Mj ds vius fopkjksa vkSj jk; dks lk>k djus dh
vuqefr nsrh gSA
l tc dksbZ Vhe ds Hkhrj vPNh rjg ls laokn djrk gS] rks ;g xyrQgeh dks nwj djus esa enn djrk gS vkSj LoLFk
vkSj 'kkafriw.kZ dk;Z okrkoj.k dks çksRlkfgr djrk gSA
çkFkfed lapkj dkS'ky esa 'kkfey gSa%
1- fopkjksa vkSj lksp dks Li"Vrk ls O;Dr djus dh {kerkA
2- /;ku ls vkSj lfØ; gksdj lquus dh {kerkA
3- xSj&ekSf[kd lapkj dks mfpr :i ls O;Dr djus] i<+us] O;k[;k djus vkSj çfrfØ;k nsus dh {kerkA
3-1-2-2 lgdfeZ;ksa ds lkFk çHkkoh lapkj
d- le>nkjh ls cksyuk vkSj vkeus&lkeus ckr djuk
¼1½ le>nkjh ls cksyuk lgdfeZ;ksa ds lkFk xyrQgfe;ksa dks nwj djrk gSA vkeus&lkeus fd;k x;k lapkj fo'okl
cukus esa enn djrk gS vkSj gesa fofHkUu –f"Vdks.kksa dks le>us vkSj eglwl djus esa l{ke cukrk gS vkSj nwljksa dh
Hkkoukvksa dks [kqys fopkjksa ls le>rs gSaA
¼2½ jpukRed izfrfØ;k is'kd'k djrk gS
çfrfØ;k nsrs le;] O;fDrxr Hkkoukvksa dks vyx dj fn;k tkuk pkfg,A;g lqfuf'pr fd;k tkuk pkfg, fd
lgdehZ fn, x, lans'k@lwpuk dks iwjh rjg ls le>sA
¼3½ cksyh tkus okyh vkSj fyf[kr lapkj dks NksVk] ljy vkSj Li’V j[ksa

fVIl !

lgdfeZ;ksa ds lkFk laokn djrs le; xksiuh;rk cuk, j[ksa] vkSj muds lkFk oSlk gh O;ogkj djsa tSlk O;ogkj
ge muls pkgrs gSaA

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[k- /;ku ls lquuk

l lfØ; :i ls lquuk ;g n'kkZrk gS fd ge O;fDr dh ckr esa #fp j[krs gSa vkSj ;g n'kkZrk gS fd ge mudk lEeku
djrs gSaA vkidks /;ku ls lquus dh t:jr gS] [kqn dks mldh vksj mUeq[k djsa vkSj mUkdh vksj ns[ksa vkSj cksyrs
le; vka[kksa dk laidZ cuk, j[ksaA ;g vko';d gS fd oDrkvksa dks ckf/kr *** fd;k tk,A
l lansg gksus ij oDrk ls lQkbZ ekaxuk vko';d gSA lqurs le; fdlh vU; dke dks nwj djuk cgqr t:jh gSA

x- eqíksa ds ckjs esa crkuk

dke ls lacaf/kr lHkh eqíksa ds ckjs esa i;Zos{kd@lkbV bathfu;j dks fjiksVZ djuk cgqr t:jh gS D;ksafd ;g dk;Z ç—fr ;k
xq.koÙkk dks çHkkfor dj ldrs gSaA eqíksa dh rRdky fjiksfVaZx ofj"B vf/kdkjh@lkbV bathfu;jksa dks dk;Z çxfr] xq.koÙkk
dks çHkkfor djrk gS ;k lkbV@deZpkfj;ksa ;k laifÙk dks uqdlku igqapus ls igys mUgsa gy djus esa enn djrh gSA
¼1½ fofunsZ'k ls fopyu%
ekud fMtkbu vko';drkvksa vkSj fof'k"Vrkvksa esa gq, egRoiw.kZ ifjorZu dks fopyu dgk tkrk gSA Mªkbax] fofunsZ'k
çfØ;k] lkbV dh fLFkfr vkfn ls fdlh Hkh fopyu ds ekeys esa] bldh lwpuk i;Zos{kd dks nsuh gksxhA
fjiksVZ fd, tkus okys fof'k"V eqíksa vkSj leL;kvksa esa 'kkfey gSa%
l lqj{kk laca/kh leL;k,a vkSj eqís ftudh lwpuk lqj{kk vf/kdkjh dks nh tkuh pkfg,A mnkgj.k ds fy,] vlqjf{kr dk;Z]
tksf[ke dh igpku] vlqjf{kr LFkku] fudV pwd vkfnA
l odZ”kkWi@dk;Z LFky ij le; ij lgh lkexzh] midj.k] lk/ku dh vuqiyC/krkA

l midj.k@vkStkj] lkexzh tks LVksj@;kMZ esa Bhd ls laxzghr ugha gSaA

l [krjukd lkexzh dks lgh ekfdaZx ds lkFk fu/kkZfjr {ks=ksa esa ugha j[kk tk jgk gSA

l fu;fer gkmldhfiax dk;Z ugha fd;k tk jgk gksA

3-1-2-3 dk;ZLFky lapkj ds rjhds

,d laxBu Vhe lkekU; mís';ksa ij /;ku dsfa ær djrh gS vkSj lk>k leL;kvksa ds lek/kku [kkstus dk y{; j[krh gSA ;g
vius mís';ksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, dk;Z ;kstuk] lqxerk] çfØ;k fu"iknu vkSj vkof/kd leh{kk tSlh vkSipkfjd çfØ;kvksa
dk mi;ksx djrk gSA bu lHkh ds ckjs esa lkbV ij Vheksa dks crk;k tkrk gS vkSj lk>k fd;k tkrk gSA lapkj ekSf[kd]
fyf[kr] cksydj] vkeus&lkeus] –';] çn'kZu] çstV+as ”s ku] bZey
s ] Qksu ;k cSBdksa vkSj okrkZ ds ek/;e ls gks ldrk gSA
çR;sd 'kgj esa xSl forj.k lkbVksa esa dbZ çHkkoh vkSj dq'ky rjhds gSa] ftuesa lfEefyr gSa%
1- ykxw dk;Z çfØ;kvksa] fof/k fooj.k] fujh{k.k vkSj ijh{k.k ;kstukvksa dh çfr;ka vkSj vuqlj.k djus ds fy, dk;Z funsZ'k
vkSj dsl LVMh çnku djuk
2- “kq:vkrh çf'k{k.k
3- cSBdsa djuk
4- lkbV esa 'kkfey lHkh Vheksa ds lHkh deZpkfj;ksa ds fy, lkIrkfgd lqj{kk vkSj leh{kk cSBdsa djukA
5- Vhe ds lnL;ksa ds chp nSfud Vwy c‚Dl V‚d
6- çn'kZu vkSj çst+saVs”kuA
1- 'kq:vkrh çf'k{k.k
l “kq:vkrh izf”k{k.k u, deZpkfj;ksa dks lacaf/kr {[email protected] ds {ks=ksa] ,p,lbZ vkSj xq.koÙkk esa fn, tkus okys çf'k{k.k
dk ,d :i gSA çf'k{k.k mUgsa viuh fof'k"V dk;Z Hkwfedkvksa esa çn'kZu djus ds fy, fu;eksa vkSj ftEesnkfj;ksa dh
igpku djus vkSj mudk ikyu djus esa l{ke djrk gSA jkstxkj ls igys] daifu;ka vkerkSj ij u, deZpkfj;ksa dks
daiuh dh uhfr;ksa vkSj lqj{kk ls tqM+h çfØ;kvksa ds ckjs esa tkudkjh nsrh gSa vkSj lqj{kk laca/kh “kq:vkrh çf'k{k.k çnku
djrh gSaA lqj{kk çf”k{k.k ds nkSjku] lkbV dh fLFkfr ds laca/k esa lqj{kk fu;eksa] lqj{kk vko';drkvksa vkSj lqjf{kr
dk;Z fLFkfr;ksa ds ckjs esa crk;k tkrk gSA

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'kq:vkrh çf'k{k.k esa fuEufyf[kr ckrsa 'kkfey gSa%

l Vhe ds lnL;ksa ds lkFk lwpuk lk>k djus ds ykHkksa dks js[kkafdr fd;k x;k gS vkSj ,d Vhe esa dke djus ds
ykHkksa ds ckjs esa crk;k x;k gSA ços'k vkSj fudkl] dk;ksZa dk LFkku] çkFkfed fpfdRlk vkSj lqj{kk vko';drkvksa
lfgr dk;ZLFky dk ysvkmV le>k;k x;k gSA ifj;kstuk fof'k"V 'krksaZ@vko';drkvksa ds ckjs esa crk;k x;k gSA
ifj;kstuk@LFky fof'k"V LokLF;] lqj{kk] i;kZoj.k vkSj xq.koÙkk vko';drkvksa ds ckjs esa crk;k x;k gSA
l lkbV fof'k"V fu;eksa dk ikyu fd;k tkuk pkfg, ftUgsa lk>k fd;k tkrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,] O;fDrxr lqj{kk
midj.k ¼ihihbZ½ tSls gkMZ gSV ftls Jfedksa dks iguuk vkSj mi;ksx djuk pkfg,A Hkwfedkvksa vkSj ftEesnkfj;ksa
dks le>k;k vkSj Li"V fd;k tkrk gSA fofHkUu lapkj pSuyksa vkSj inkuqØe dks le>k;k x;k gSA vkikrdkyhu
laidZ uacj fn, tkrs gSaA ofj"B vf/kdkfj;ksa] v/khuLFkksa] lgdfeZ;ksa vkSj lgdfeZ;ksa dk ifjp; fn;k tkrk gSA lHkh
egRoiw.kZ dk;ksZa dh vksj b'kkjk djrs gq, dk;ZLFky dk Hkze.k fd;k tkrk gSA fnu&çfrfnu ds dk;ksaZ dks lqjf{kr rjhds
ls dSls iwjk fd;k tk,] bl ij funsZ'k fn, tkrs gSaA
'kq:vkrh çf'k{k.k ds ykHk
1- ,d etcwr “kq:vkrh çfØ;k ubZ ukSdjh ls tqM+s ruko vkSj fpark dks de djus esa enn djrh gS] vkRefo'okl c<+krh
gS] ubZ ukSdjh vkSj laxBu ds ckjs esa eukscy vkSj Hkkoukvksa esa lq/kkj djrh gSA ;g laxBu esa Loh—fr dh Hkkouk dks
Hkh c<+krk gSA
2- “kq:vkrh çf'k{k.k deZpkfj;ksa dks u, dk;Z okrkoj.k dks tYnh ls viukus esa enn djrk gS vkSj mfpr fn'kk çnku
djrk gSA
3- u, deZpkfj;ksa dks fof'k"V lkbV xq.koÙkk vkSj ,p,lbZ vko';drkvksa ls voxr djk;k tkrk gSA
4- u, deZpkjh dks Vhe ds lkfFk;ksa@lgdfeZ;ksa ds lkFk tYnh ls ?kqyus&feyus esa l{ke cukrk gS vkSj lqjf{kr eglwl
djkrk gS D;ksafd os “kq:vkrh çf'k{k.k ds nkSjku vU; deZpkfj;ksa ds lkFk ckrphr djrs gSaA
1- cSBd 'kq: djuk
l Vhe ds eukscy dks c<+kus ds fy, ,d mi;qDr fLFkfr dksbZ ubZ egRoiw.kZ xfrfof/k 'kq: djus ls igys ;k ubZ
ifj;kstuk@u, dk;ZLFky ds fy, vkjafHkd cSBd ds nkSjku gksxhA “kq:vkrh ehfVax djuk ,d lkekU; ifj;kstuk
çca/ku vH;kl gSA
l Vheksa dh igyh cSBd dk eq[; mís'; Vhe ds dk;ksaZ] vko';drkvksa ds Lrj vkSj mUgsa çkIr djus ds rjhdksa dks le>uk]
Vhe ds lnL;ksa ds chp çHkkoh dk;Z laca/k cuk, j[kuk vkSj mUgsa Hkwfedk,a vkSj ftEesnkfj;ka lkSaiuk gksrk gSA
2- Vwy ckWDl VkWd
l Vwy c‚Dl VkWd dk;ZLFky esa fnu&çfrfnu dh xfrfof/k;ksa ds fy, çHkkoh lapkj midj.kksa esa ls ,d gSA
l ;g dke ds ckjs esa] laxBu ds ckjs esa] lqj{kk çfØ;k ds ckjs esa] nsjh ls cpus vkSj çfØ;kvksa dks xyr gksus ls jksdus
ds fy, Kku lk>k djus esa enn djrk gSA
l rsy vkSj xSl fuekZ.k dk;Z LFkyksa vkSj 'kgj xSl forj.k dk;ksZa esa nSfud Vwy c‚Dl VkWd vfuok;Z gSA
l Vhe ds lnL;ksa ds chp Vwy c‚Dl V‚d gj lqcg fdlh Hkh dke dks 'kq: djus ls igys gksrk gSA

3- nSfud Vwy ckWDl VkWd vkSj ppkZ esa 'kkfey gSa%

l ml fnu dh tkus okyh xfrfof/k dh ç—fr
l çfØ;k] mRikn ;k lsokvksa ls lacaf/kr dksbZ fof'k"V vko';drkA
l vko';d lkexzh dh lwph vkSj mudh miyC/krk
l vko';d midj.kksa vkSj e'khuksa dh lwph vkSj mudh miyC/krk
l çfØ;k fooj.k vkSj lalk/ku vkoaVu
l miyC/k lkexzh dh xq.koÙkk
l lqjf{kr dk;Z i)fr;ka vkSj mudk egRoA

766
 ´ffB´f dRYMXSX - °fZ»f AüSX ¦f`Àf/dÀfMXe ¦f`Àf dU°fSX¯f

vH;kl
I- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa ds mÙkj nsaA
1- Vhe ds lnL;ksa ds lkFk çHkkoh lapkj ds D;k ykHk gSa\
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2- dk;ZLFky esa dSls lapkj fd;k tkrk gS blds dqN rjhdksa dh lwph cuk,aA
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3- “kq:vkrh çf'k{k.k dk mís'; D;k gS\
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4- Vwyc‚Dl VkWd ds nkSjku ppkZ dh tkus okyh tkudkjh dh lwph cuk,aA
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5- eqíksa vkSj leL;kvksa dh lwpuk D;ksa vkSj dc ofj"B vf/kdkfj;ksa dks nh tkuh pkfg,\
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II- crk,a fd fuEufyf[kr dFku lgh gSa ;k xyrA
1- Vhe ds lnL;ksa dks Loh—r [email protected] Mªkbax dk forj.k cgqr egRoiw.kZ gSA
lR; vlR;
2- Vwyc‚Dl VkWd vk;ksftr djrs le;] lqj{kk vkSj gkmldhfiax ij ppkZ dh tkuh pkfg,A
lR; vlR;
3- Vwyc‚Dl VkWd dsaæh—r vlsEcyh {ks= esa lHkh Vheksa ds fy, gksrh gSA
lR; vlR;
4- Vwyc‚Dl V‚d dsoy lqj{kk laca/kh tkudkjh ij ppkZ djus ds fy, gS u fd dk;Z laca/kh xfrfof/k;ksa ds fy,A
lR; vlR;

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3-1-3 Vhe ds :i esa lgdfeZ;ksa ds lkFk fo'okl vkSj lEeku ds lkFk dke djuk
bl fo"k; ds var esa] vki%
1- lg;ksx dh vko';drk dh O;k[;k djsa
2- lgdfeZ;ksa ds lkFk vPNs laca/k cuk,a
3- leku y{; ds fy, lgdfeZ;ksa ds lkFk feydj dke djsa
4- Vhe odZ dk ewY; fu/kkZfjr djsa
5- Vhe odZ esa fo”okl vkSj vkilh lEeku D;k gSa bldh O;k[;k djsa
6- Vhe odZ dks csgrj cukus ds rjhdksa dh lwph cuk,aA

767
 ´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

3-1-3-1 lg;ksx
tc deZpkjh ,d lkekU; y{; dh fn'kk esa ,d lkFk dke djrs gSa rks os Vhe esa gksrs gSaA çHkkoh Vheksa dks lewg vkSj
dk;Z nksuksa ij /;ku nsus dh vko';drk gksrh gSA fo'okl] Vhe odZ] lapkj vkSj lEeku çHkkoh dk;Z laca/kksa dh dqath
gSaA deZpkfj;ksa dks Vhe ds lnL;ksa@lgdfeZ;ksa ds lkFk vPNh rjg ls dke djus ds egRo ds ckjs esa irk gksuk pkfg,A
Vhe Hkkouk dks fodflr djus ds fy, Vhe ds lnL;ksa ds chp yxkrkj ckrphr dh vko';drk gksrh gSA Vhe odZ ds
fy, çHkkoh lg;ksx Hkh t:jh gSA lk>k dk;Z dk Lrj] vkSj fo'ks"kKrk dh tkx:drk dk Vhe ij çn'kZu ds :i esa
ldkjkRed çHkko iM+rk gSA
3-1-3-2 Vhe odZ
,d lkFk dke djds] Vhesa lcls vPNk lek/kku <wa< ldrh gSaA vDlj] Vhe ,d lkFk vPNk dke djrh gS D;ksafd Vhe
ds lnL; O;fDrxr çfrHkkvksa dks fn[kkus ds fy, ,d&nwljs ij Hkjkslk djrs gSaA okafNr ifj.kke çkIr djus ds fy, ,d
ls Hkys dbZ fnekx gksrs gSaA
VheodZ ;g lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, ,d ç.kkyh cukrk gS fd dke r; le; esa iwjk gks tk, vkSj dke dh mPp xq.koÙkk
Hkh gksA tc ,d lgdehZ ihNs NwV tkrk gS] rks nwljk ml dk;Z dks gkFk esa ysdj iwjk djrk gSA tc Hkh vko';drk gks]
lalk/kuksa vkSj lwpukvksa dks lgdfeZ;ksa@lg;ksfx;ksa ds lkFk lk>k djus dh vko';drk gksrh gSA vPNs laca/k cuk, j[kus
ds fy, lgdfeZ;ksa ls yh xbZ lkexzh vkSj midj.k dks rqjar okil djuk t:jh gSA lek/kkuksa ds lkFk vkuk vkSj mls
fodflr djuk Vhe esa dke djus dh ,d cM+h rkdr gSA tc yksx ,d lkFk dke djrs gSa rks os vyx&vyx ;ksX;rk
vkSj Kku okys yksxksa esa ckaVdj rsth ls dke iwjk dj ldrs gSaA blls dk;ksaZ dks rsth ls iwjk djus esa enn feyrh gSA
,d lk>k fe'ku yksxksa ds lewg dks ,d lkFk dke djus vkSj mRlkg iSnk djus esa enn dj ldrk gSA tc gj dksbZ ,d
lkekU; y{; izkIr djus dh fn'kk esa dke djus ds fy, viuh {kerkvksa dk mi;ksx dj jgk gS] rks ifj.kke ,d O;fDr
ds ç;klksa ls vf/kd gksrk gS] tks ,d lqpk: lapkyu esa fof/kor ;ksxnku nsrk gSA

fp= 3-1-4 & Vhe odZ lQyrk dh dqath gS

3-1-3-3 inkuqØe vkSj rkyesy

Vhe ds çR;sd lnL; dks bl rjg ls dke djuk pkfg, tks lgdfeZ;ksa vkSj ofj"B vf/kdkfj;ksa vkSj v/khuLFkksa ds
çfr lEeku çnf'kZr djsA mUgsa vPNs laca/k cuk, j[kus pkfg, vkSj Vhe ds lnL;ksa ds lkFk vPNk rkyesy lqfuf'pr
djuk pkfg,A nwljksa ds fopkjksa] lapkj {kerkvksa] i`"BHkwfe] /keZ] dk;Z 'kSyh vkSj lkaL—frd ijaijkvksa dk lEeku djus dh
vko';drk gSA
3-1-3-4 VheodZ n{krk esa lq/kkj djus ds rjhds
vko';drkuqlkj çkstsDV ds Vhe lnL;ksa ds chp ,df=r lkexzh] midj.k dks le; ij lk>k djuk vkSj forfjr djuk]
Vhe dh n{krk esa lq/kkj djsxkA dke ds nkSjku vkus okyh leL;kvksa ds lek/kku ds fy, igy djuk t:jh gSA
lgdfeZ;ksa vkSj ofj"B vf/kdkfj;ksa ls dh xbZ çfrc)rkvksa dks iwjk djuk vkSj le; ij iwjk djuk t:jh gSA ;g çnf'kZr
djsxk fd nwljs vki ij Hkjkslk dj ldrs gSaA

768
 ´ffB´f dRYMXSX - °fZ»f AüSX ¦f`Àf/dÀfMXe ¦f`Àf dU°fSX¯f

lgdfeZ;ksa vkSj ofj"B vf/kdkfj;ksa dks le; jgrs crkuk fd D;k dke ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS D;ksafd fof/kor dkj.k
crkuk t:jh gSA çfrc)rkvksa dks iwjk ugha djus dh ftEesnkjh ysuh pkfg,A

vH;kl
I- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa ds mÙkj nsaA
1- Vhe odZ esa lg;ksx D;ksa egRoiw.kZ gS\
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2- lgdfeZ;ksa ds lkFk dkedkth laca/k dSls fodflr gksrs gSa\
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3- Vhe odZ n{krk esa lq/kkj dSls fd;k tk ldrk gS\
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4- dksbZ Hkh deZpkjh dSls ,d vPNk Vhe lnL;@lg;ksxh gks ldrk gS\
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II- crkb, fd fuEufyf[kr dFku lgh gS ;k ughaA
1- Vhe lg;ksx ds fcuk vPNk dke djrh gSA
lR; vlR;
2- Vhe ds lnL; ,d nwljs ij Hkjkslk ugha djrs gSaA
lR; vlR;
3- Vhe odZ lk>k Kku dks de djrk gSA
lR; vlR;
4- xi'ki djds fo'okl c<+k,aA
lR; vlR;
5- Vhe odZ ds fy, ,d&nwljs dh fof'k"V {kerkvksa esa fo'okl dh vko';drk ugha gksrh gSA
lR; vlR;

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3-1-4 laxBu dh uhfr;ka] çfØ;k,a vkSj ;kstuk,a

bl fo"k; ds var esa] vki%
1- daiuh dh uhfr;ksa dk ikyu djsaxs
2- laxBukRed çfØ;kvksa dk ikyu djsaxs vkSj ykxw djsaxs vkSj fof/k dFkuksa ds vuqlkj dke djsa
3- fujh{k.k vkSj ijh{k.k ;kstuk ykxw djsaxs

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4- ifj;kstuk dh le; lhek dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, fnu&çfrfnu dh xfrfof/k;ksa dh ;kstuk cukuk vkSj mUgsa fØ;kfUor
djuk
5- Vhe ds lnL;ksa ds lkFk leUo; esa dk;Z ;kstuk fodflr djuk vkSj vko';d lalk/kuksa dks O;ofLFkr djuk
6- lHkh lkSais x, dk;ksaZ dks iwjk djus ds fy, Vhe ds lnL;ksa ds lkFk leUo; djsaxs

3-1-4-1 laxBu dh uhfr;ksa vkSj çfØ;kvksa dk ikyu djuk vkSj mUgsa ykxw djuk
çR;sd laxBu@daiuh us vius mís';ksa ds vk/kkj ij uhfr;ka] çfØ;k,a vkSj ;kstuk,a rS;kj dh gksrh gSaA lqj{kk uhfr;ksa
lfgr lHkh uhfr;ksa vkSj mís';ksa dk lEeku fd;k tkuk pkfg, vkSj mudk ikyu fd;k tkuk pkfg,A çR;sd deZpkjh
laxBu@daiuh dh uhfr;ksa vkSj çfØ;kvksa ds vuqlkj dk;Z djus ds fy, ck/; gSA ikbi fQVj dks laxBu@daiuh ds
fyf[kr uhfr fooj.k dks vo”; i<+uk pkfg,A daiuh@laxBu uhfr u dsoy [email protected]] cfYd xq.koÙkk] lqj{kk]
LokLF;] cpko ij dsafær gksrh gSA
ikbi fQVj dks lHkh uhfr;ksa dk ikyu djuk gksxk vkSj mls ykxw Hkh djuk gksxkA blh rjg] daiuh ds ikl fuekZ.k
çfØ;k] ;kstuk cukuk] fu"iknu] xq.koÙkk] fuxjkuh vkfn tSlh fofHkUu çfØ;k,a gks ldrh gSaA ikbi fQVj dks lacaf/kr
çfØ;kvksa dks tkuus dh t:jr gS] dksbZ lansg gks rks i;Zos{kd ls iwNsa] tgka vko';d gks] gj le; budk ikyu djsa
vkSj ykxw djsaA
,d lkekU; laxBu ds ikl fofHkUu fuekZ.k nLrkost gksaxs ftuesa 'kkfey gksrk gS&vuqca/k@dk;Z dk nk;jk] fuekZ.k ;kstuk
vkSj çfØ;k,a] fujh{k.k vkSj ijh{k.k ;kstuk ¼vkbZVhih½] fof/k fooj.k] dk;Z funsZ'k bR;kfnA ;s nLrkost O;fDrxr :i
ls ;k la;qDr :i esa miyC/k gks ldrs gSa] tks dk;Z dh egRoiw.kZrk vkSj ç;ksT;rk ij fuHkZj djrk gSA ikbi fQVj dks
i;Zos{kd ls laidZ dj lacaf/kr nLrkostksa@çfØ;kvksa rd igqap çkIr djuk gksrk gS] rkfd og bUgsa i<+] O;k[;k dj vkSj
ykxw dj ldsA bu nLrkostksa vkSj fp=ksa esa vkerkSj ij la'kks/ku la[;k gksrh gSA blfy,] ikbi fQVj i;Zos{kd ds lkFk
;g lqfuf'pr djsxk fd dsoy uohure la'kks/[email protected] dk ikyu fd;k tk jgk gSA xq.koÙkk çfØ;kvksa esa Loh—fr
EkkinaM ;k Loh—fr EkkinaM ls lanHkZ 'kkfey gksaxsA ,d fof'k"V çfØ;k esa 'kkfey gksaxs & lanHkZ nLrkostksa dh lwph] fuekZ.k
midj.k] mudh vko”;d] dk;Z çfØ;k] vko';d fujh{k.k vkSj ijh{k.k] Loh—fr EkkinaM vkSj vko';d xq.koÙkk fjiksVZ@
fjd‚MZ lfgr fuxjkuh vkSj ekius okys midj.kksa dh lwphA çfØ;k esa dk;Z funsZ'k vkSj dk;Zç.kkyh Hkh 'kkfey gks ldrh gSaA
3-1-4-2 fujh{k.k vkSj ijh{k.k ;kstuk ¼vkbZVhih½ dk dk;kZUo;u
fof'k"V vkbZVhih esa vuqca/k dk uke@la[;k] çfØ;k fooj.k] dgka ¼LFkku tgka½ ykxw gksrk gS] fdl ifj;kstuk ds fy,
¼fdl dke tSls ikbfiax] midj.k bR;kfn½] fdl ifj;kstuk ds fy,, fdl dk;Z vkSj ftEesnkfj;ksa dk fooj.k gksrk gSA
vkbZVhih esa çR;sd pj.k dh rkfydk ds :Ik esa lwph gksrh gSA vuqØfed rjhds ls] fuekZ.k çfØ;k xfrfof/k;ksa@fujh{k.k
pj.k] lanHkZ çfØ;k] çR;sd xfrfof/k ds fy, ykxw vkS|ksfxd dksM@ekud] Loh—fr ekud] fujh{k.k çfr'kr] fuekZ.k daiuh
ds fy, fujh{k.k Lrj] xzkgd vkSj@;k r`rh; i{k fujh{k.k ,tsalh tks fof/kor ladsr@igpku fujh{k.k Lrj@fu;a=.k fcanq
& foVusl IokbaV ¼MCY;w½] gksYM IokbaV ¼,p½] fuxjkuh ¼,e½ ;k fuxjkuh ¼,l½ ;k jSaMe ¼vkj ;k vkbZ½ dks n”kkZrs gSaA
gksYM IokbaV ¼,p½% ^gksYM^ i‚baV ,d vfuok;Z fujh{k.k@lR;kiu@lk{kh fcanq gS ftlds vkxs lacaf/kr fujh{k.k ikVhZ ¼dsoy
fuekZ.k daiuh] xzkgd ;k ykxw gksus okys rhljs i{k ds Hkhrj½ ds vuqeksnu@çkf/kdkj ds fcuk dk;Z vkxs ugha c<+sxkA
lacaf/kr fujh{k.k ny dks iwoZ@vfxze vf/klwpuk nsuk vfuok;Z gSA
foVusl IokbaV% ,d ^foVusl^ IokbaV ikVhZ ¼tSls xzkgd] lsok çnkrk vkSj ,d fujh{k.k@fu;ked çkf/kdj.k½ dks vius
foosd ij fujh{k.k ;k ijh{k.k ;k dke ds igyw dks ns[kus dk volj çnku djrk gSA lacaf/kr ikVhZ dks iwoZ@vfxze
vf/klwpuk nsuk vfuok;Z gSA ysfdu] lacaf/kr fujh{k.k çfrfuf/k dh çrh{kk djuk vko';d ugha gSA
fuxjkuh@tkap% pkyw dke ds fdlh Hkh pj.k dh vkarjkf;d fuxjkuh dks tkap dgk tkrk gSA blds fy, iwoZ lwpuk dh
vko';drk ugha gksrh gSA xfrfof/k fu;fer rjhds ls vkxs c<+ ldrh gSA bl xfrfof/k dks vkbZVhih esa ^vkbZ^ ;k ^^,e^
ds :i esa fpfàr fd;k x;k gSA vkbZVhih vko';drkvksa dk vuqikyu fd;k tkuk pkfg,A tSls gh lacaf/kr xfrfof/k;ka
iwjh gks tkrh gSa] ikbi fQVj vius QksjeSu@i;Zos{kd dks vkbZVhih }kjk vko';d fujh{k.k vkSj ijh{k.k dh O;oLFkk djus

770
 ´ffB´f dRYMXSX - °fZ»f AüSX ¦f`Àf/dÀfMXe ¦f`Àf dU°fSX¯f

ds fy, lwfpr djsxkA tc rd D;w,@D;wlh Vhe fujh{k.k djrh gS vkSj vkxs dh xfrfof/k;ksa ds fy, eatwjh nsrh gS] tc
fujh{k.k dk ladsr Lrj ^MCY;w^ ;k ^,p^ gks rc rd ikbi fQVj vxyh xfrfof/k ds fy, vkxs ugha c<+sxkA
çfØ;k ikbfiax ds fy, fof'k"V fujh{k.k vkSj ijh{k.k ;kstuk ¼dk;Z ds nk;js vkSj vuqca/k fofunsZ'kksa ds vk/kkj ij fu;a=.k
vkSj lanHkZ@Loh—fr EkkinaM vyx&vyx gksaxs½A
3-1-4-3 Kku lk>k djuk
dk;Z dks iwjk djus ds fy,] dke ds fp=] dke ds midj.k ;k lk/ku ;k Kku] Øsu@fyf¶Vax midj.k lalk/ku gks ldrs
gSaA ,d LFkku esa dbZ lewg cgq&fo"k;d fuekZ.k xfrfof/k;ksa ds lkFk dke dj jgs gksaxs vkSj lhfer lalk/kuksa ds lkFk ,d
le; esa ,d ls vf/kd Vheksa dks ikbi fQfVax dk;Z djus ds fy, lkSaik tk ldrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,] Øsu@fyf¶Vax
midj.k ds ekeys esa] ,d ikbi fQVj iwjs fnu muds fy, vyx Øsu@fyf¶Vax midj.k dh ekax ugha djsxk] D;ksafd vU;
lewg@Vhe çHkkfor gksaxsA ,sls esa] ikbi fQVj esa Vhe dh çkFkfedrk ds lkFk&lkFk vU; Vheksa dh çkFkfedrk@t:jrksa
ds vk/kkj ij xfrfof/k;ksa dh ;kstuk cukus vkSj lalk/kuksa dk çHkkoh <ax ls mi;ksx djus vkSj lexz çrh{kk le;] [kkyh
le;] vksojgsM ykxr vkfn dks de djus ds fy, lalk/kuksa dks lk>k djus dh {kerk gksuh pkfg,A ,sls gh] Øsu nwljh
Vhe ds lkFk yxh gqbZ gS] rks ikbi fQfVax Vhe ikbi fQfVax ls lacaf/kr vU; xfrfof/k;ksa dh ;kstuk cuk ldrh gS vkSj
dj ldrh gSA blh çdkj] ;fn Øsu@fyf¶Vax midj.k dks [kkyh NksM+ fn;k tkrk gS] rks ikbi fQVj rqjar mu dk;ksaZ
dks iwjk djus ds fy, lfØ; gks tkrk gS ftuesa Øsu@ fyf¶Vax midj.k dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
ikbi fQVj dks lqcg gh i;Zos{kd ds lkFk laidZ djuk pkfg, vkSj ;fn laHko gks rks lqcg Vwy c‚Dl VkWd dj ys] ftu
xfrfof/k;ksa dks mls djuk gS vkSj miyC/k lalk/kuksa ds ckjs esa tkus vkSj rnuqlkj dk;ksaZ dks iwjk djsA

fVIl !

gks ldrk gS fd vkidh rkdr jpukRed lksp gks] ogha vkidk lgdehZ laxBu vkSj ;kstuk esa vPNk gksA nksuksa dks
lq–<+ djds jpukRed ifj.kke çkIr gks ldsaxsA blfy,] viuh {kerkvksa dks Vhe ds lkFk lk>k djus esa ladksp
u djsaA

3-1-4-4 lalk/kuksa dh ;kstuk cukuk vkSj mUgsa O;ofLFkr djuk vkSj ,d Vhe ds :i esa dk;Z djuk
çfØ;k –f"Vdks.k ^^Iyku&Mw&psd&,DV ¼ihMhlh,½^^ fdlh Hkh laxBu ds fy, iw.kZ :Ik ls ;k ;k çR;sd foHkkx ds fy,
çHkkoh midj.k@fl)kar gSA Iyku&Mw&psd&,DV –f"Vdks.k dks ykxw djds çR;sd O;fDr çfØ;k@xfrfof/k dks csgrj
vkSj laxr cuk;k tk ldrk gSA
fdlh Hkh laxBu esa] ifj;kstuk@lkbV xfrfof/k;ksa dh ;kstuk cukbZ tkrh gS vkSj ifj;kstuk fu;kstu vkSj 'ksMîwfyax
foHkkx }kjk çkbekosjk] ,e,l ifj;kstuk ;k fdlh vU; mi;qDr çksxzke l‚¶Vos;j dk mi;ksx djds vkSj dk;kZUo;u vkSj
vuqorhZ dkjZokbZ ds fy, lacaf/kr çca/kd@i;Zos{kd dks forfjr fd;k tkrk gSA çR;sd Vhe bl ;kstuk vkSj dk;ZØe ds
lkFk dke djrh gSA gkykafd] çR;sd xfrfof/k dks okLrfod lkbV fLFkfr;ksa ds vk/kkj ij {ks= esa fu;ksftr vkSj fu"ikfnr
fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
ikbi fQfVax esa yxs O;fDr ;k lewg dks fof'k"V dk;Z dks
y{; vkSj le; lhek ds Hkhrj iwjk djus ds fy, dk;Z
;kstuk dh vko';drk gksrh gSA dk;Z ;kstuk ds ykHkksa esa
'kkfey gSa%
1- dke dks çkFkfedrk nsuk
2- de le; esa vf/kd dke djuk fp= 3-1-5 fuekZ.k LFkyksa esa Vhe odZ

771
 ´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

3- mRikndrk esa lq/kkj

4- xq.koÙkkiw.kZ dk;Z djukA
5- dq'ky rjhds ls y{; vkSj le; lhek dks çkIr djukA
,d ikbi@ikbiykbu fQfVax Vhe vius fnu&çfrfnu ds dk;Z@xfrfof/k;ksa dh ;kstuk cukuh pkfg,] dk;Z dks djuk
pkfg, ¼Mw½] mldk lR;kiu@fujh{k.k ¼tkap½ djuk pkfg, vkSj ikbi fQfVax@tksM+ xfrfof/k;ksa dh çfØ;kvksa esa lq/kkj
ds fy, dke djuk pkfg,A ikbi fQfVax çfØ;k esa ijLij lacaf/kr xfrfof/k;ksa dk ,d lsV gksrk gS tks ikbi fQfVax]
osfYMax vkSj baLV‚ys'ku ds bfPNr ifj.kke ikus ds fy, ewrZ buiqV] ikbfiax lkexzh] osfYMax lkefxz;ksa] midj.k vkSj MsVk]
lwpuk] Kku dk mi;ksx djrs gSaA
;kstuk cukuk
dk;Z djuk
l dke vkSj çkFkfedrk dk v/;;u djsa
l ;fn fQV&vi Bhd gS] rks vkSj vxys ikbi LFkkiuk@la;qDr
osfYMax djsaA fQVvi vkSj dk;Z ;kstuk ¼dgka] dc]
l ;fn fQV&vi Bhd ugha gS] dkSu] dSls½ ds ckjs esa ofj"B vf/kdkjh
rks ewy dkj.k dk fo'ys"k.k ds lkFk ppkZ djsaA
djsa vkSj bls nwj djus ds l Loh—r çfØ;k,a] fp=] MCY;wih,l]
fy, vko';d mik; djsaA vkbZVhih miyC/k djk,aA
l lq/kkj@iqu% dk;Z djus dh l lkexzh Loh—fr@iznku djuk
O;oLFkk djsaA lqfuf'pr djrs gq,] vko';d ikbfiax
l iqujko`fÙk ls cpus ds fy, lkexzh çkIr djus dh O;oLFkk djsaA
vko';d lq>ko@dke djds l osfYMax midj.k] bysDVªksM@fQyj /
lq/kkj djsa kkrq vkSj lHkh fQfVax lgk;d midj.k
O;ofLFkr djsaA
tkapuk l ihVhMCY;w dks Åij mBk,a vkSj dfVax
lsV] xzkbafMax e'khu] fQfVax VwYl]
l lkexzh dkVus dk dk;Z djsa vkSj tqM+us
DySai] vkfn dh O;oLFkk djsaA
okys fdukjksa dks rS;kj djsaA
l rS;kj fdukjksa@osYM Qsl dk fujh{k.k
djsaA djuk
l ikbi@ikbi fQfVax dks lajsf[kr djsa
l e‚uhVj@eki@lR;kiu djsaA
vkSj Mªkbax vkSj MCY;wih,l ds vuqlkj
ikbi fQV djsaA l tgka ykxw gks] fQV&vi fujh{k.k@xzkgd
fujh{k.k djsaA
l ;fn vuqefr gks] rks VSd osYM djsa]
vU;Fkk ikbi DySai dk mi;ksx djsaA l vk;keh fujh{k.k tSls Lrj] fLFkfr@LFkku]
vfHkfoU;kl] lajs[k.k] :V Qsl] :V xSi
l D;w,@D;wlh dks lwfpr djsa
djsaA

fp= 3-1-6 ihMhlh, pØ

772
 Sample format - Inspection and Test Plan

Ø-la- xfrfof/k fooj.k fu;af=r nLrkost lanHkZ@Loh—fr EkkinaM lR;kfir djus okys nLrkost Bsdsnkj rhljh ikVhZ daiuh

Ikbi dh LFkkiuk ds fy, ,,Qlh Mªkbax vkSj nLrkost LVsVl jftLVj nLrkost LVsVl jftLVjA lwpuk nLrkost LVsVl jftLVj R R R
1 vuqeksfnr çfØ;kvksa dh miyC/krk lqfuf'pr djsa çca/ku ;kstuk

Ikkbi Liwy vkSj ikbfiax lkexzh ¼ikbi] VwVk fujh{k.k çfØ;k lkexzh dh ,,l,ebZ@,,lVh,e ikbfiax lkexzh çkfIr dh fjiksVZ] ifj;kstuk R R R
fdukjk] fQfVax] okYo] xkLdsV] cksYV vkSj uV] igpku çkIr djus okyh lkexzh ekud Mªkbax vko';drk vkSj bZ,u lkexzh fLFkfr fu;a=.k y‚x vkSj
2 LVªsuj vkfn½A fujh{k.k] lkexzh ijh{k.k çek.ki= vkSj irk yxkus dh çfØ;k 10204] vuqca/k fofunsZ'k lkexzh çek.k i=
¼,eVhlh½ lR;kiu çkIr djuk

ikbfiax lkexzh dks laHkkyuk] HkaMkj.k] laj{k.k lkexzh fu;a=.k çfØ;k ASME B31-3, lkexzh fu;a=.k HkaMkj.k vkSj laj{k.k lR;kiu fjd‚MZ I R R
3 vkSj lqj{kk çfØ;k] vuqca/k fofunsZ'k

lR;kfir djsa fd lHkh ikbfiax lkexzh cktZ@ ikbfiax fuekZ.k çfØ;k lHkh VªslfcfyVh dksM Li"V :i ls ifj;kstuk lkexzh fLFkfr fu;a=.k W I I
dk;ZLFky ij yxus ls igys igpku@VªslsfcfyVh lkexzh dh igpku vkSj irk fpfàr gksa vkSj fuekZ.k vkSj LFkkiuk y‚x vkSj D;wlh fu;a=.k y‚x

773
4 dksM ds lkFk Li"V :i ls fpfàr gks yxkus dh çfØ;k ds lHkh pj.kksa esa LFkkukarfjr gksrs
gSa] ASME B31-3
lqfuf'pr djsa fd osfYMax çfØ;k,a vkSj osYM ikbfiax vkSj LVªDpjy osfYMax ASME lsd IX, ASME B31-3] osfYMax cqd esa Loh—r McY;wih,l H H H
5 ejEer çfØ;k,a daiuh }kjk lqfuf”pr vkSj cqd vuqca/k fofunsZ'k dh lwph
vuqeksfnr gksa

lqfuf'pr djsa fd osYMj@osfYMax v‚ijsVj ikbfiax osfYMax çfØ;k ASME IX, ASME B31-3] osYMj ;ksX;rk jftLVj H H H
7 osfYMax djus ds fy, ;ksX; gks vuqca/k fofunsZ'k

ikbfiax lajs[k.k] fLFkfr vkSj vfHkfoU;kl] ÅapkbZ ikbfiax LFkkiuk çfØ;k] vk;keh ,,Qlh Mªkbax] ASME B31-3] vk;keh fjiksVZ] ikbfiax LFkkiuk W I I
8 vkSj leryrk@lh/ksiu dh tkap fu;a=.k çfØ;k vuqca/k fofunsZ'k lR;kiu psdfyLV
´ffB´f dRYMXSX - °fZ»f AüSX ¦f`Àf/dÀfMXe ¦f`Àf dU°fSX¯f
 ´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

vH;kl
I- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa ds mÙkj nsaA
1- laxBu dh uhfr;ksa vkSj çfØ;kvksa dk ikyu djus vkSj mUgsa ykxw djus ds fy, vko';drkvksa vkSj t:jrksa dk o.kZu
djsaA
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2- ^^fujh{k.k vkSj ijh{k.k ;kstuk^^ dh fof'k"V lkexzh D;k gSa\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3- fujh{k.k Lrj ^gksYM IokbaV^ vkSj ^foVusl IokbaV^ dks ifjHkkf"kr djsaA
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4- Kku ckaVus dk vkSfpR; fl) djsaA
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5- ^dk;Z ;kstuk^ ds D;k ykHk gSa\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6- ikbi fQfVax xfrfof/k ds fy, çklafxd ihMhlh, –f"Vdks.k dk o.kZu djsaA
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
II- crk,a fd fuEufyf[kr dFku lgh gS ;k xyrA
1- esFkM LVsVesaV fuekZ.k nLrkost esa ls ,d gSA
lR; vlR;
2- xq.koÙkk çfØ;kvksa esa Loh—fr EkkinaM 'kkfey gksaxs ;k Loh—fr EkkinaM ds lanHkZ ysus gksaxsA
lR; vlR;
3- lhfer lalk/kuksa ds lkFk ,d le; esa ikbi fQfVax dk;Z ,d ls vf/kd Vheksa dks lkSaik tk ldrk gSA vkbZVhih lacaf/
kr xfrfof/k fujh{k.k Lrj@fu;a=.k fcanqvksa dks bafxr djsxkA
lR; vlR;
4- lacaf/kr fujh{k.k ny dks iwoZ@vfxze vf/klwpuk vfuok;Z gS ;fn fujh{k.k Lrj ij vkbZVhih esa foVusl IokbaV ^^MCY;w^^
ds :i esa fufnZ"V gksA
lR; vlR;
5- ikbi fQVj dks xq.koÙkk uhfr dk ikyu djus dh vko';drk ugha gS( ysfdu lqj{kk uhfr dk ikyu vo”; djuk
gSA
lR; vlR;

774
 ´ffB´f dRYMXSX - °fZ»f AüSX ¦f`Àf/dÀfMXe ¦f`Àf dU°fSX¯f

fVIif.k;ka
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´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

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