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Class 10 Science Respiration Notes

The document covers key concepts of respiration, including the lime water test demonstrating exhaled air's higher CO₂ content, yeast fermentation as anaerobic respiration, and the breakdown of glucose under different conditions. It explains the role of ATP as an energy currency, gas exchange in plants and animals, and the human respiratory system's structure and function, including the impact of tobacco on health. Additionally, it highlights the importance of cilia in the respiratory tract and the detrimental effects of smoking.

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Jyoti Satija
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14 views2 pages

Class 10 Science Respiration Notes

The document covers key concepts of respiration, including the lime water test demonstrating exhaled air's higher CO₂ content, yeast fermentation as anaerobic respiration, and the breakdown of glucose under different conditions. It explains the role of ATP as an energy currency, gas exchange in plants and animals, and the human respiratory system's structure and function, including the impact of tobacco on health. Additionally, it highlights the importance of cilia in the respiratory tract and the detrimental effects of smoking.

Uploaded by

Jyoti Satija
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Class 10 Science - Chapter 6: Life Processes (Respiration) - Easy Notes

Activity 5.4 – Lime Water Test


 Blow air into lime water in one test tube and pass normal air using syringe in another.
 Lime water turns milky faster with exhaled air.
 Conclusion: Exhaled air contains more carbon dioxide (CO₂).

Activity 5.5 – Yeast Fermentation


 Yeast + sugar solution produces ethanol and CO₂ (fermentation).
 CO₂ turns lime water milky.
 Fermentation is an example of anaerobic respiration.

Breakdown of Glucose
 Glucose is first broken into pyruvate in cytoplasm.
 In presence of O₂ (aerobic): → CO₂ + H₂O + high energy.
 In yeast (no O₂): → Ethanol + CO₂ + low energy.
 In muscles (low O₂): → Lactic acid + low energy.

ATP – Energy Currency


 ATP = Adenosine Triphosphate, made from ADP + phosphate using energy.
 ATP powers muscle movement, protein synthesis, nerve signals, etc.
 Breaking one phosphate bond releases 30.5 kJ/mol energy.

Gas Exchange in Plants and Animals


 Plants exchange gases by diffusion through stomata.
 At night: CO₂ released (no photosynthesis).
 Day: CO₂ used in photosynthesis, O₂ released.
 Terrestrial animals use air; aquatic animals use dissolved oxygen.

Activity 5.6 – Breathing in Fish


 Fish open/close mouth and gill-slits in coordination.
 Fish breathe faster than humans because water has less oxygen.

Human Respiratory System – Part 1


 Air enters through nostrils → filtered by hairs and mucus.
 Passes through trachea with cartilage rings (keeps airway open).

Tobacco Effects
 Tobacco affects tongue, lungs, heart, liver.
 Causes cancer, heart attacks, strokes, especially oral cancer in India.
 Say NO to tobacco!
Human Respiratory System – Alveoli and Gas Exchange
 Lungs have alveoli: balloon-like sacs for gas exchange.
 O₂ from alveoli → blood; CO₂ from blood → alveoli.
 Breathing = ribs lift + diaphragm flattens = air in; residual air stays in lungs.
 Haemoglobin (in RBCs) carries O₂; CO₂ transported in dissolved form.

Do You Know? (Cilia and Smoking)


 Cilia are small hairs in respiratory tract that remove dust and germs.
 Smoking destroys cilia → germs and smoke enter lungs.
 Leads to infections, cough, and lung cancer.

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