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4 Android OS

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Jean Victor Araujo
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4 views13 pages

4 Android OS

Uploaded by

Jean Victor Araujo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Android OS

Luca Verderame
Mobile OS Market Share

https://www.counterpointresearch.com/insights/global-smartphone-os-market-share/#
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App market share

https://asomobile.net/en/blog/mobile-app-market-report-2022/ 3
Android Operating System
● A software platform and operating system
for mobile devices
● Based on the Linux kernel
● Allows writing managed code in the Java
language (and Kotlin)

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Linux Kernel
● Android relies on Linux kernel for core system services such as security, memory
management, process management, network stack, and driver model.
● Note that there is an Android-specific driver: the Binder, that provides
Inter-Process Communication (IPC).
● Starting with Android 4.3, Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) is used to further
increase the security of the system

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Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL)
● The hardware abstraction layer (HAL) provides standard interfaces that
expose device hardware capabilities to the higher-level Java API framework.
● The HAL consists of multiple library modules, each of which implements an
interface for a specific type of hardware component
● When a framework API makes a call to access device hardware, the Android
system loads the library module for that hardware component

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Android Runtime
● For devices running Android version 5.0 (API level 21) or higher, each app runs in its
own process and with its own instance of the Android Runtime (ART)
● ART is written to run multiple virtual machines on low-memory devices by
executing Dalvik Executable format (DEX) files
● Android also includes a set of core runtime libraries that provide most of the
functionality of the Java programming language, including some Java 8 language
features, that the Java API framework uses.

Classic Java VM ART VM inside Android 7


ART Ahead-Of-Time Compilation

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Libraries
● Android includes a set of C/C++ libraries used by various components of
the Android system. These capabilities are exposed to developers through
the Android application framework.
● Many core Android system components and services, such as ART and
HAL, are built from native code that requires native libraries written in C
and C++.

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Java API Framework
● The entire feature-set of the Android OS is available through APIs written in the
Java language.
● These APIs form the building blocks you need to create Android apps by simplifying
the reuse of core, modular system components and services

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Java API Framework
Underlying all applications is a set of services and systems, including:

• Content Providers: enable applications to access data from other applications (such
as Contacts), or to share their own data
• Resource Manager: provides access to non-code resources such as localized
strings, graphics, and layout files
• Notification Manager: enables all applications to display custom alerts in the status
bar
• Activity Manager: manages the lifecycle of applications and provides a common
navigation backstack
• Package Manager: it manages the installation and uninstallation of applications in
the device, according to the manifest file of the application.

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System Apps
● The application layer includes all the user and system applications of the Android
OS
● Android provides a set of core applications: Email Client, SMS Program, Calendar,
Maps, Browser, Contacts, ...

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References
Android architecture: https://developer.android.com/guide/platform?hl=en

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