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Assignment: System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
Subject: Introduction to Computer
Submitted by: [Your Name]
Class: Paramedics
Instructor: Rafi Ullah M.Phil (Computer Science)
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System Development Life Cycle (SDLC):
A System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a structured process followed to develop, maintain, and
replace information systems. It includes a detailed plan describing how to develop, maintain, and
replace or alter a software system. The cycle ensures that the system meets business goals and
customer requirements.
It generally consists of seven phases, which are essential for the effective development of a system.
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Phases of SDLC
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1. Requirement Gathering and Analysis
Objective: To understand what the users need from the system.
Activities:
Meet with stakeholders (e.g., managers, users) to gather requirements.
Identify what data is needed as input, what processes will occur, and what output is expected.
Document both functional and non-functional requirements.
Example Questions:
Who will use the system?
What problems should the system solve?
What are the current limitations of the manual system?
Deliverables: Requirements Specification Document
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2. System Design
Objective: To design the architecture of the system.
Activities:
Translate user requirements into a blueprint for building the system.
Decide on system interfaces, databases, network requirements, etc.
Divide the system into modules and design each separately.
Types of Design:
Logical Design: Focuses on data flow and inputs/outputs.
Physical Design: Focuses on hardware, software, files, and people involved.
Output: System Design Specification
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3. Coding (Implementation of Design)
Objective: To convert the design into an executable program.
Activities:
Write code in a suitable programming language.
Use coding standards and guidelines for clarity and quality.
Integrate different modules through functions or APIs.
Importance:
This is the most time-consuming and expensive phase.
Requires software engineers to write error-free and optimized code.
Output: Working Software
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4. Testing
Objective: To identify and fix bugs in the system.
Activities:
Perform different types of testing:
Unit Testing: Test individual components.
Integration Testing: Test modules together.
System Testing: Test the whole system.
User Acceptance Testing (UAT): Ensure system meets user needs.
Test Plan Includes:
Test cases
Test data
Expected output
Goal: The output must match the expected results.
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5. Implementation
Objective: To deploy the system into a live environment.
Steps:
1. Acquisition and Installation of Hardware and Software: Set up computers, software, networks, etc.
2. Conversion: Transfer data from old systems to new systems.
3. User Training: Train users on how to use the new system.
Topics: Entering data, generating reports, processing transactions.
4. Documentation: Provide manuals, help guides, and operational procedures.
Goal: Smooth transition from manual or old system to new computerized system.
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6. Maintenance
Objective: To ensure the system continues to function correctly after deployment.
Activities:
Fixing bugs that weren't discovered during testing.
Making improvements based on user feedback.
Adapting the system to changing environments or requirements.
Types of Maintenance:
1. Corrective Maintenance: Fixing bugs.
2. Adaptive Maintenance: Updating the system for new environments.
3. Perfective Maintenance: Enhancing functionalities and performance.
When Major Changes Are Needed:
A new project may be initiated, which goes through all SDLC phases again.
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Diagram of SDLC
(You can draw this or request a digital version)
Requirement → Design → Coding → Testing → Implementation → Maintenance
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Conclusion
The System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is an essential process in building reliable and efficient
systems. Each phase plays a critical role, from understanding user needs to maintaining the system after
deployment. Proper execution of SDLC ensures a successful and cost-effective system that meets
business objectives.
