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Over Current Relay

The overcurrent relay is a protective device that operates when current exceeds a preset value, safeguarding power system equipment from fault currents. It is categorized into various types based on operation time, including instantaneous, inverse time, and different forms of definite time relays. The document also describes the construction and working principles of non-directional induction overcurrent relays, which utilize electromagnetic principles to detect excessive current and trigger circuit interruption.

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Meera Kamal
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8 views5 pages

Over Current Relay

The overcurrent relay is a protective device that operates when current exceeds a preset value, safeguarding power system equipment from fault currents. It is categorized into various types based on operation time, including instantaneous, inverse time, and different forms of definite time relays. The document also describes the construction and working principles of non-directional induction overcurrent relays, which utilize electromagnetic principles to detect excessive current and trigger circuit interruption.

Uploaded by

Meera Kamal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Over current Relay

The overcurrent relay is defined as the relay, which operates only when the value of the
current is greater than the relay setting time. It protects the equipment of the power system
from the fault current.

Depending on the time of operation the overcurrent relay is categorized into following types.

 Instantaneous Overcurrent relay


 Inverse time Overcurrent Relay
 Definite Time Overcurrent Relay
 Inverse Definite Time Overcurrent Relay
 Very Inverse Definite Time Overcurrent Relay
 Extremely Inverse Definite Time Overcurrent Relay
Instantaneous Overcurrent Relay
The relay has no intentional time delay for operation. The contacts of the relay are closed instantly
when the current inside the relay rises beyond the operational value. The time interval between the
instant pick-up value and the closing contacts of the relay is very less.The most significant advantage
of the instantaneous relay is that it has low operating time. It starts operating instantly when the value
of current is more than the relay setting. This relay operates only when the impedance between the
source and the relay is less than that provided in the section. The most important feature of the relay is
their speed of operation. The relay protects the system from earth fault and also used for protecting the
system from circulating current. The instantaneous overcurrent relay is placed in the outgoing feeder .

Inverse-Time Overcurrent Relay

The relay operates only when the magnitude of their operating current is inversely proportional to the
magnitude of the energize quantities. The operating time of relay decreases with the increases in the
current. The operation of the relay depends on the magnitude of the current.
The characteristic curve for the relay is shown in the figure below. The relay will not operate
when the value of current is less than the pick value. The relay is used for the protection of the
distribution lines. The inverse time relay is of three types.

Inverse Definite Minimum Time Relay

The relay whose operating time is approximately proportional to the fault current is known as the
IDMT relay. The operating time of the relay is maintained by adjusting the time delay setting. The
IDMT relay uses the electromagnetic core because it can easily saturate for the current having larger
magnitude than pick up current. The relay is used for the protection of the distribution line.

Very Inverse Relay

The inverse characteristic of the relay is more than the IDMT. Such type of relay is used in the feeder
and on long transmission lines. The relay is used in the places where there the magnitude of the short-
circuit current fall rapidly because of the large distance from the source. It is used for sensing the fault
current which is free from the fault location.

Extremely Inverse Relay

The characteristic time of the relay is extremely large as compared to the IDMT and the Very inverse
relay. This relay is used for protecting the cable, transformer, etc. The relay can operate instantly when
the pickup value of the current is more than the relay setting time. The relay provides faster operation
even under the fault current. It is used for sensing the overheating of the machines. The inverse time
relay is used in the distribution networks and the power plants. The relay gives the fast operation in the
fault conditions because of their fault time characteristic.

Block diagram
The current measured from current transformer is converted in to voltage by I/V converter, which is given to
precision rectifier for rectification and then to MUX. MUX is a data selector, which select the data to be
processed on particular channel with the help of microprocessor port B. then the signal is converted to digital
signal, depending on start of and end of conversion, once all the signals are converted , microprocessor issues
the suitable trip signal through port B.

Flowchart
Construction and working of Overcurrent relay

Non-directional Induction Overcurrent Relay:

This relay is also called earth leakage induction type relay. The overcurrent relay operates when the
current in the circuit exceeds a certain preset value. The induction type nondirectional overcurrent
relay has a construction similar to a watthour meter, with slight modification. The figure below shows
the constructional of non directional induction type overcurrent relay. It consists of two
electromagnets. The upper is E shaped while the lower is U shaped. The aluminium disc is free to
rotate between the two magnets. The spindle of the disc carries moving contacts and when the disc
rotates the moving contacts come in contact with fixed contacts which are the terminals of a trip
circuit. The upper magnet has two windings, primary and secondary.The primary is connected to the
secondary of C.T on the line to be protected. This winding is tapped at intervals. The tappings are
connected to plug setting bridge. With the help of this bridge, the number of turns of the primary
winding can be adjusted. Thus the desired current setting for the Non-Indirectional Induction
Overcurrent Relay can be obtained. There are usually seven sections of tappings to have the
overcurrent range from 50% to 200% in steps of 25%.
Working

(Same as watthour type)

The torque is produced due to induction principle, as explained in Non Indirectional Induction Type
Overcurrent Relay. This torque is opposed by restraining force produced by spiral springs. Under
normal conditions, the restraining force is more than driving force hence disc remains stationary.
Under fault conditions when the current becomes high, the disc rotates through the preset angle and
makes contact with the fixed contacts of the trip circuit. The trip circuit opens the circuit breaker,
isolating the faulty part from rest of the healthy system.

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