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Designation: D 5748 – 95 (Reapproved 2001)

Standard Test Method for

Protrusion Puncture Resistance of Stretch Wrap Film1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5748; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope 3.2.3 maximum force—greatest force achieved.

1.1 This test method determines the resistance of a stretch 3.2.4 penetration distance—depth probe traveled in pen-
wrap film to the penetration of a probe at a standard low rate, etrating film specimen, from initial probe contact with film
a single test velocity. Performed at standard conditions, the test specimen, to penetration at break.
method imparts a biaxial stress that is representative of the type 3.2.5 protrusion puncture resistance—the ability of a plastic
of stress encountered in many product end-use applications. film to withstand the force exerted by a protrusion.
The maximum force, force at break, penetration distance, and 3.2.6 thickness (caliper, gage)—the perpendicular distance
energy to break are determined. between the opposite surfaces of a plastic film.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the 4. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 4.1 Puncture resistance is very important in end-use perfor-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- mance of stretch wrap film used in consumer and industrial
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. product applications. Puncture resistance is a measure of the

2. Referenced Documents iTeh Standards

energy-absorbing ability of a stretch wrap film in resisting a
protrusion. The test method is designed to provide the user
with a means of measuring the stretch wrap film’s puncture
(https://standards.iteh.ai)
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing resistance performance under essentially biaxial deformation
D 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ- conditions. A biaxial stress is representative of the type of
ments
D 1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics3
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stress encountered by stretch wrap products in many end-use
applications.
D 2103 Specification for Polyethylene Film and Sheeting 4.2 Although this test method cannot be expected to dupli-
E 122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, cate all field experiences, since the rate of speed, weight, and
ASTM D5748-95(2001)
configuration of such destructive forces vary widely, a gener-
With a Specified Tolerable Error, the Average for a
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/cbec606a-3b4f-4a63-8203-6c1d754e2ae6/astm-d5748-952001
Characteristic of a Lot or Process ally reliable comparison of samples may be made from the data
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to obtained.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method 5. Apparatus
3. Terminology 5.1 Universal Testing Apparatus.
3.1 Definitions—General definitions for packaging and dis- 5.2 Integrator and Chart Recorder.
tributions environments are found in Terminology D 996. 5.3 Appropriate Load Cell—The test may be performed
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: using compression or tension load cell.
3.2.1 break force—force achieved at break. 5.4 Probe—A 0.75 in. (19 mm) diameter pear-shaped TFE-
3.2.2 energy—work to break. fluorocarbon coated probe4 (Fig. 1), for general application and
standard comparison of plastic films and interlaboratory re-
sults.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on Packaging and 5.5 Specimen Clamping Fixture (Fig. 2).
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.25 on Palletizing and Unitizing of 5.6 Micrometre, conforming to Specification D 2103.
Loads.
Current edition approved July 15, 1995. Published September 1995. 5.7 Template, 6 by 6 in. (150 by 150 mm).
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
4
the ASTM website. The probe is coated with duPont 954-101 Teflon S a thickness of 0.0015 in.
3
Withdrawn. (0.0381 mm). Available from duPont.

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1
 D 5748 – 95 (2001)

NOTE 1—Measurements are in inches (millimetres).

FIG. 1 Probe

5.8 Specimen Cutter.

iTeh Standards
6. Sampling
(https://standards.iteh.ai)
6.1 Acceptance Sampling—Sampling shall be in accordance
with Practice D 1898.
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6.2 Sampling for Other Purposes—The sampling and the
number of test specimens depend on the purpose of the testing.
Practice E 122 is recommended. Test specimens are taken from
ASTM
several rolls of film, and where possible, from several D5748-95(2001)
produc-
tion runs of film. Strong conclusions about a specific property
of https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/cbec606a-3b4f-4a63-8203-6c1d754e2ae6/astm-d5748-952001
a film cannot be based on a single roll of film.

7. Number of Test Specimens NOTE 1—Measurements are in inches (millimetres).

FIG. 2 Clamp
7.1 Test a minimum of five specimens for each sample.
10.2 Select an equipment load range so that specimen
8. Preparation of Apparatus puncture occurs within 20 to 80 % of the same.
8.1 For specific instruction in setting up and operating the 10.3 Using the template and specimen cutter, prepare a
apparatus, consult the operations manual. minimum of five specimens from each sample.
8.2 Install probe apparatus (Fig. 2). 10.4 Measure the caliper (average of three readings) in the
8.3 Center the probe (Fig. 1) over the specimen clamping center of each specimen and record the average.
fixture (Fig. 2). 10.5 Set universal tester crosshead speed at 10 in./min (250
mm/min) and chart recorder speed at 10 in./min (250 mm/min).
9. Conditioning If using an integrator instead of a data acquisition system, set
9.1 Condition the test specimens at 73.4 6 3.6°F (23 6 the counters to zero.
2°C) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for not less than 40 h 10.6 Clamp the specimen in the holder. Lower the probe as
prior to testing in accordance with Procedure A of Practice close as possible to the specimen without actually touching.
D 618. 10.7 Set the appropriate stops and returns on the universal
9.2 Conduct tests in the standard laboratory atmosphere of tester. Reset data collection devices if applicable.
23 6 2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity 10.8 Activate the universal tester. Stop the crosshead when
unless otherwise specified in the test method. the puncture probe passes completely through the film. Where
holes occur other than at the probe point, the specimen test
10. Procedure results should be discarded. See Fig. 3.
10.1 With the probe apparatus installed, calibrate the test 10.9 Record specimen identification, peak force at break,
equipment following the manufacturer’s instructions. maximum force, energy (work) to break, and probe penetration