MGT502 Organizational Behaviour Solved MCQs Set 8
Conflict must be _____ by the parties to it.
Answer : perceived
The traditional view of conflict argues that conflict _____.
Answer : indicates a malfunctioning within the group
The _____ view of conflict argues that some conflict is absolutely necessary for a group to perform effectively.
Answer : interactionist
_______ conflicts are almost always dysfunctional.
Answer : Relationship
During the _____ stage of the conflict process, conditions are present that create opportunities for conflict to arise.
Answer : potential opposition or incompatibility
Assertiveness is _____.
Answer : the degree to which one party attempts to satisfy his/her own concerns
Labor-management negotiations over wages exemplifies _____ bargaining.
Answer : distributive
_____ bargaining builds long-term relationships and facilitates working together in the future.
Answer : Integrative
During which phase of the negotiation process do the parties exchange their initial proposals or demands?
Answer : Definition of ground rules
Which of the following is correc
Answer : In negotiations, Brazilians are likely to use physical contact.
Work specialization is also referred to as ___
Answer : division of labor
At an Alcoa aluminum tubing plant in upstate New York, production is organized into five departments: casting; press;
tubing; finishing and inspecting, packing, and shipping. This is an example of _____ departmentalization.
Answer : process
The ____ is characterized by highly routine operating tasks achieved through specialization.
Answer : bureaucracy
The ____ violates the unity-of-command concept.
Answer : matrix structure
The ____ is also called the network or modular organization.
Answer : virtual organization
The boundaryless organization relies heavily on _____.
Answer : information technology
The _____ is a structure characterized by extensive departmentalization, high formalization, a limited information network, and
centralization.
Answer : mechanistic model
Which of the following is NOT a determinant of an organization's structure?
Answer : Industry
Changes in corporate strategy precede and lead to _____.
Answer : changes in an organization's structure
Which of the following generalizations about organizational structures and employee performance and satisfaction is MOST
true?
Answer : There is no evidence that supports a relationship between span of control and employee performance.
Institutionalization is the process through which _____.
Answer : an organization takes on a life of its own
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of organizational culture?
Answer : Formalization
A strong culture builds all of the following EXCEPT ____.
Answer : quality
Culture is most likely to be a liability when _____.
Answer : the environment is dynamic
Which of the following is NOT a way that culture is created?
Answer : Founders poll early employees to determine the appropriate cultural values.
All of the following serve to sustain a culture EXCEPT _____.
Answer : formalization
_____ is the process that adapts employees to the organization's culture.
Answer : Socialization
Which of the following is NOT a common form by which culture is transmitted to employees?
Answer : Selection
Which of the following is NOT identified that managers can create a more ethical culture?
Answer : Set aggressive performance goals.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a spiritual organization?
Answer : Censorship of employee expression
The objective of effective _____ is to match individual characteristics such as ability and experience, with the requirements of the
job.
Answer : selection
_____ tests assess the applicant's ability in an authentic situation.
Answer : Performance simulation
Which of the following was NOT specifically suggested by your author as a general category of employee skills?
Answer : Financial
_____ skills training includes learning how to be a better listener and how to be a more effective team player.
Answer : Interpersonal
____ training includes job rotation, apprenticeships, understudy assignments, and formal mentoring programs.
Answer : On-the-job
Performance evaluation serves a number of purposes, including determining who gets merit increases and other rewards. This is
an example of which of the following functions of performance evaluation?
Answer : Basis for reward allocations
_____ evaluation provides performance feedback from the full circle of daily contacts that an employee might have.
Answer : 360-degree
John's performance evaluation rates him on a scale of 1 to 5 for characteristics such as job knowledge and cooperation. John's
company is using a _____ performance evaluation system.
Answer : graphic rating scale
Even the most prestigious of schools has experienced grade inflation. In 1970, the average GPA of students at Princeton was
_____, while it was _____ in 2000.
Answer : 2.99, 3.40
Flextime, job sharing, and part-time work are examples of _____ for managing work-life conflicts.
Answer : time-based strategies
_____ are responsible for initiating and managing change within an organization.
Answer : Change agents
Stan is trying to implement a new organizational structure at his company. A group of key employees is resisting the change. In
an attempt to "buy off" the leaders, Stan is giving them a key role in the change decision. He doesn't really value their opinion,
but wants their endorsement. Stan is using the change strategy of _____.
Answer : cooptation
Refreezing involves _____
Answer : making a new change permanent
John Kotter's _____ for implementing change builds on Lewin's three-step model.
Answer : 8-step plan
What of the following best describe action research?
Answer : a change process based on the systematic collection of data and then selection of a change action based on what the
analyzed data indicate
_____ is a paradigm that values human and organizational growth, collaborative processes, and a spirit of inquiry.
Answer : Organizational development
_____ uses high-interaction group activities to increase trust and openness among team members.
Answer : Team building
____ seeks to identify the unique qualities and special strengths of an organization and build on these to improve performance.
Answer : Appreciative inquiry
When errors are detected in _____, the correction process relies on past routines and present policies.
Answer : single-loop learning
According to Kolb's Learning Style Type, which of the following describes the convergent learning style?
Answer : Abstract conceptualization, active experimentation, problem-solving
According to the garbage can model of decision making, the four factors that need to connect to make a decision are problems,
participants, solutions, and
Answer : choice opportunities
Which of the following is true about stress?
Answer : Employees with external locus of control perceive situations to be more stressful than employees with internal locus of
control.
classical organization theory
Answer : an early approach to management that focused on how organizations can be structured most effectively to meet thier
goals
conceptual skills
Answer : skills used to think in the abstract
controlling
Answer : is the process of monitoring and correcting the actions of the organziation and its members to keep them directed
toward their goals
decision making roles
Answer : key roles include the entrepreneur, the disturbance handler the resource allocator and the negotiator
diagnostic skills
Answer : skills used to understand cause and effect relationships and to recognize the optimal solutions to problems
ethics
Answer : an individuals personal beliefs about what is right and wrong or good and bad
Hawthorne Studies
Answer : conducted between 1927 and 1932 led to some of the first discoveries of the importance of huma behavior in
organizations
human relations movement
Answer : the beginning of organizational behavior was based on the assumption that employee satisfaction is a key determinant
of performance
informational roles
Answer : key roles include the monitor the disseminator and the spokesperson
interpersonal roles
Answer : key roles include the figurehead the leader and the liasion
interpersonal skills
Answer : skills used to communicate with understand and motivate individuals and groups
leading
Answer : is the process of getting the organizations members to work together toward achieving the organizations goals
organization behavior
Answer : the study of human behavior in organizational settings of the interface between human behavior and the organization,
and the organization itself
organizing
Answer : is the process of designing jobs grouping jobs into units and establishing patterns of authority between job and units
planning
Answer : is the process of determining an organizations desired future position and the best means of getting there
rightsizing
Answer : the process of optimizing the size of an organizations workforce through downsizing expanding and or outsourcing
scientific management
Answer : one of the first approaches to management focused on the efficiency of individual workers and assumed that
employees are motiviated by money
situational perspective
Answer : theory that suggests that in most organizations situations and outcomes are contingent on or influcence by other
variables
social responsibility
Answer : an organizations obligation to protect and contribute to the social environment in which it functions
technical skills
Answer : the skills necessary to accomplish specific tasks within the organization
theory X
Answer : described by Douglas McGregor is an approach to management that takes a negative and pessimistic view of workers
theory Y
Answer : described by Douglas McGregor is an approach to management that takes a positive and optimistic perspective on
workers
assimilation
Answer : the process through which memb ers of a minority group are forced to learn the ways of the dominant group
collectivism
Answer : the extent to which people emphasize the good of the group or society
individualism
Answer : the extent to which people place primary value on themselves
long term orientation
Answer : people who focus on the future
masculinity assertiveness or materialism
Answer : the extent to which the dominatnt values in a society emphasize aggressiveness and the acquisition of money and
material goods over concern for people relationships among people and the overall quality of life
pluralistic organization
Answer : an organization that has diverse membership and takes steps to fully involve all people who differ from the dominant
group
power distance
Answer : the extent to which less powerful persons accept the unequal distribution of power
primary dimensions of diversity
Answer : factors that are either inborn or exert extraordinary influcene on early socialization age ethnicity gender physical
abilities race and sexual orientation
short term orientation
Answer : people with focus on the past or present
stereotypes
Answer : judgements about others that reinforce beliefs about superiority and inferiority
uncertainty avoidance
Answer : the extent to which people prefer to be in unambiguous sitatuions
valuing diversity
Answer : the act of putting an end to the assumption that everyone who is not a member of the dominant group must assimilate
aggreeableness
Answer : a person's ability to get along with others
attitudes
Answer : a persons complexes of beliefs and feelings about specific ideas situations or other people
authoritariansism
Answer : the belief that power and status differences are appropriate within hierarchical social systems such as organizations
big five personality traits
Answer : a set of fundamental traits that are especially relevant to organizations
burnout
Answer : a sense of exhaustion that develops when someone experiences too much stress for an extended period of time
cognitive dissonance
Answer : the anxiety a person experiences when he or she siimultanously possesses two sets of knowledge or perceptions that
are contradictory or incongruent
conscientiousness
Answer : the number of goals on which a person focuses
contributions
Answer : what the individual's contributes to an organization including effort skills ability time and loyalty
creativity
Answer : the ability to generate new ideas or to conceive of new perspectives on existing ideas
dysfunctional behaviors
Answer : work related behaviors that detract from organizational performance
emotional intelligence - EQ
Answer : the extent to which people are self aware can manage thier emotions can motivate themselves express empathy for
others and possess social skills
extraversion
Answer : the quality of being comfortable with relationships the opposite extreme introversion is characterized by more social
discomfort
general adaption syndrome GAS
Answer : a cycle through which stress occurs alarm resistance and exhaustion
incubaiton
Answer : the stage of less intense conscious concentration during which a creative person lets the knowledge and ideas
acquired during preparation mature and develop
individual differences
Answer : personal attributes that vary from one person to another
inducements
Answer : the tangible and intangible rewards provided by organizations to individuals
insight
Answer : the stage in the creative process when all the scattered thoughts and ideas that were maturing during incubation come
together to produce a breakthrough
job satisfaction
Answer : the extent to which aperson is gratified or fulfilled by his or her work
locus of control
Answer : the extent to which people believe their circumstances are a function of their own actions versus external factors
beyond their control
machiavellianism
Answer : a behavior which causes people to behave to gain power and to control the behavior of others
negative affectivity
Answer : people who are generally downbeat and pessimistic see things in a negative way, and seem to be in a bad mood
negative emotionality
Answer : characterized by moodiness and insecurity
openness
Answer : the capacity to entertain new ideas and to change as a result of new information
organizational citizenship
Answer : the extent to which a person's behavior makes a positive overall contribution to the organization
organizational commitment
Answer : a persona identification with and attachment to an organization
perception
Answer : the set of processes by which an individual becomes aware of and interprets information about the environment
performance behaviors
Answer : the total set of work related behaviors that the organization expects the individual to display
personality
Answer : the relatively stable set of psychological attributes that distinguish one persona from another
person job fit
Answer : the extent to which the individuals contributions match the inducements offered by the organization
positive affectivity
Answer : people who are upbeat and optimistic have an overall sence of well being and see things in a positvie light
preparation
Answer : usually the first tage in the creative process includes education and formal training
psychological contract
Answer : a person's set of expectations regarding what he or she will contribute to the organization and wht the organization will
provide in return
risk propenjsity
Answer : the degree to which a person is willing to take chances and make risky decisions
selective perception
Answer : the process of screening out information that we are uncomfortable with or that contradicts oru beliefs
self efficacy
Answer : the extent to which people believe they can accomplish their goals even if they failed to do so in the past
self esteem
Answer : the extent to which a person believes he or she is a worthwhile and deserving individual
stereotyping
Answer : the process of categorizing or labeling people on the basis of a single attribute
stess
Answer : an individuals response to a strong stimulus
stressor
Answer : a strong stimulus that results in stress
turnover
Answer : occurs when people quit their jobs
type a individuals
Answer : people who are extremely competitive highly committed to work and have a strong sense of time urgency
type b individuals
Answer : people who are less competitive less committed to work and have a weaker sense of urgency
verification
Answer : the final stage of the creative process in which the validity or turthfulness of the insight is determined
workplace behavior
Answer : a pattern of action by the members of an organization that directly or indirectly influences organizational effectiveness
avoidance -negative reinforcement
Answer : the opportunity to avoid or escape from an unpleasant circumstance after exhibiting behavior
classical conditioning
Answer : a simple form of learning that links a conditioned response with an unconditioned stimulus
continuous reinforcement
Answer : behavior that is rewarded every time it occurs
dual structure theory
Answer : identifies motivation factors which affect satisfaction and hygiene factors which determine dissatisfaction
effort to performance expectancy
Answer : a persons perception of the probability that effort will lead to performance
equity
Answer : the belief that one is being treated fairly in relation to others inequity is the belief that one is being treated unfairly in
relation to others
ERG theory
Answer : theory that describes existence relatedness and growth needs
expectancy theory
Answer : theory that suggests people are motivated by how much they want something and the liklihood they perceive of getting
it
extinction
Answer : decreases the frequency of behavior by eliminating a reward or desirable consequence that follows that behavior
