Lesson 2

Components of Effective Teaching and learning

I. Objective
1. Reflect on the different characteristic of teachers, their teaching styles,
and their responsibilities
2. Understand various types of learners and their learning styles, and
3. Create a checklist of important things to consider in a classroom
environment.

II. Motivational Activity

SEARCH ME

Directions: There are 2 standees that have a coat full of pocket each pocket have a
paper with word and a paper without on it, the participant would find the right
sentence and win, this is the following sentence:

1. Components of effective teaching and learning.

III. DISCUSSION

2.1 The Teacher

The teacher is someone who is knowledgeable about many things. He/she

is an expert in his/her own field and is versatile in navigating all areas of teaching and
learning. He/she knows how to property employ instructional strategies that are
congruent with the instructional objectives. Inside his/her classroom, the teacher
knows how to maintain order and cleanliness for he/she is a manager. He knows how
to set up the classroom that eliminates stress and encourages learning. More than
his/her academic function, the teacher is also a person to go to for he/she can be a
counselor He/she can listen to the concerns of the students and gives them advise
when the learners ask for them. He/she continues to monitor learners and guide
them to become the best they can be. Reflecting on this, a teacher really does a lot
of things. The question is, are you ready to perform these responsibilities?
2.1.1 Top Five Characteristics of a Twenty-First Century Educator

 Life-long learners

Once a teacher, always a learner. As teachers, it is a responsibility to be

updated not only on your own specific field, but also with the trends for teaching and
learning. You must cultivate the love for learning to be equipped with the
prerequisite content and pedagogical and technological skills. Life-long leamers are
always ready to explore new experiences that will help them grow. Hence, teachers
must seek opportunities for personal and professional development.

 Creative

Creativity is at the core of effective and motivational classroom. It is a trait

that a twenty-first century teacher must possess, for creativity transcends all limits
that the environment has. For example, the absence of television inside the
classroom will not hinder a teacher who wants to present using a slide presentation.
A creative teacher can solve this problem in any means such us using cutouts that
will serve as alternative slides, Moreover, creative teachers always find solutions to
problems. Giving up is not in their mind, but they always challenge themselves in
times where problems arise.

 Technology Savvy

A twenty-first century teacher knows how to go along with his/her

students. The learners of today are technological natives and teachers must know
how to adapt in order to live with them. A teacher must know how to use their
leaners language and stuff to ensure learning. For instance, because of the pandemic,
classes are subjected to be virtual. As technology savvy, you explored how to use
available online learning software and applications to make online learning lively.
 Adaptive

Change is constant. A teacher of today must be flexible and ready to

whatever happens inside the classroom. A twenty-first century teacher knows when
to alter things to guarantee that the learners are learning.

 Collaborative

The success of teaching does not rely on only one teacher, but on a group of
teachers. A twenty-first century teacher knows how to collaborate with colleagues to
ensure the quality of education they offer. This teacher must know how to properly
communicate with co-teachers, where sharing of expertise and time is a norm.
Moreover, this teacher also knows how to appreciate the strengths of others and is
willing to learn from them.

A first aid kit or medical kit is a collection of supplies and equipment used to
give immediate medical treatment, primarily to treat injuries and other mild or
moderate medical conditions.

2.1.2 Teaching Styles

A thousand teachers, a thousand methods.

Chinese Proverb

Every teacher is different. He/she is a person of his/her own background,

principles, and beliefs. This usually affects how he/she comprehends the world
around him/her. Teaching style is simply the way teachers teach. It is the process of
presenting the lesson to the class. In the study of Eby, Herrell, and Jordan (2006),
they identified three teaching styles, namely: authoritarian, permissive, and
democratic.

Authoritarian teachers. These teachers typically want to ensure that the

classroom maintains orderliness. They are firm in terms of decisions and they limit
what students can do inside the class. They also create rules where learners are
obliged to follow to avoid punishment.
 Permissive teachers. In this type, teachers are somewhat lenient. They set
rules, but they are not consistent with the implementation, especially when it comes
to punishment. Sometimes, learners are the ones who choose what to learn and how
teachers are supposed to deliver the lesson.

Democratic teachers. These teachers are consistent and firm about

students' performance and behaviors. They assert their authority inside the
classroom but are very willing to listen to leaners. Disclaimer: They never use their
power to put a student down but model good behavior for students to emulate.

2.2 The Learners

Our learners are a key motivation for teachers, often viewed as second
children or friends. It’s crucial for educators to ensure that students develop the
necessary knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes for success in the twenty-first
century. A modern learner should be creative and innovative, adeptly adapting to
challenges and personalizing their learning. They thrive on collaboration, valuing
both speaking up and listening. Problem-solving and critical thinking are vital skills,
along with sensitivity to diversity and global citizenship.

Learning Values

Teachers must understand individual learning styles to tailor lesson plans

effectively, acknowledging that learners absorb knowledge differently. Recent
emphasis has been placed on diverse learning styles, with the VARK model
identifying four distinct types. This understanding allows teachers to meet the unique
instructional needs of each student.

Visual Learners

excel with graphic organizers, images, and videos. Use engaging visuals and
demonstrations to enhance their learning experience.

Example
 • Use slide presentations, images, and video clips.

• Set up the classroom in an appealing manner.

• Make sure that images are engaging and fun.

• Demonstration is applicable to them.

Auditory learners.

They are literally good listeners. They learn best when information are
spoken rather than read.

Examples

• Use audiotapes to explain concepts.

• Use stories that can illustrate examples.

Read/Write learners

They are most successful in reading and writing activities. They enjoy
classes that require reading and creative writing.

Examples

• Turn diagrams into words.

• Highlight words or concepts for their handouts or related materials.

• Compose short explanation tests or creative writing tasks.

• Post note cards in visible spaces.

Kinesthetic learners.

These learners like physical tasks rather than listening to lectures or

watching educational clips.

Examples

• They enjoy class activities such as role-play, simulation, playing. and

dancing.
 • Promote collaborative tasks where they are required to perform.

• Always make sure that the class is active.

2.3 The Learning Environment

The learning environment encompasses the physical, contextual, and

cultural aspects of where students learn, primarily the classroom. It includes physical
conditions like furniture and ventilation, but also emphasizes interaction, care, and
safety provided by the teacher, fostering confidence among learners. A well-designed
classroom layout motivates students and reflects the teacher's personality.
Additionally, classroom culture encompasses routines and traditions that further
shape the learning experience, enhancing overall student engagement and comfort.
Routines help learners complete tasks smoothly and promote responsibility among
both teachers and students. Effective classroom cultures, like starting with a prayer
or greetings, foster a positive environment. Social climate, marked by strong
relationships, is crucial for learning. Teachers should create a welcoming atmosphere,
encourage communication to resolve disputes, and foster trust, reflecting virtues for
students to emulate. Creative teaching adapts to varying classroom conditions.

Tips to Enhance Learning Environment

The physical condition of the classroom is the first thing that people see. It
is composed of the building, tables and desks, ventilation facilities, and many more.
It is important that the physical layout of the class is designed to motivate learners to
learn. Apart from it having implications to motivation, the layout is also reflective of
you as a teacher. As a personal image, you can design your classroom by placing your
favorite plants, artworks, and all things related. Just make sure that your layout can
be of help to learners.

The classroom culture transcends the physical classroom. This element

involves the routines and traditions inside the classroom. Why is classroom routine
important? Routines allow learners to accomplish tasks smoothly because of fewer
disruptions. Routines are also seen as responsibility that both teachers and students
 need to accomplish. Classroom cultures, such as prayer before class and greeting at
the start and end of class, can establish good vibes in the class. In some cases,
learners are also asked to clean their own place. This kind of routine lets learners
safeguard and appreciate their place.

The most important part of learning environment is the social climate. This
includes the interactions and relationships that are taking place inside the classroom.
As teachers, it is our responsibility to facilitate good interpersonal relationships.
During the first day, let your students feel that they are welcome in the classroom.
Another thing you need to establish is proper communication. When learners
practice this, they can easily solve disputes that may arise in the class. Most
importantly, trust your learners so they can trust themselves. As teachers, you are
the reflection of virtues where students can emulate.

To put everything into context, not all physical conditions of classrooms are
the same. There are well-established and there are not. Whatever conditions your
classroom has, remember that your creativity as a teacher can make a difference.

Lesson 3: Basic of Instructional Planning

I. Objective
4. Understand the basic principles in lesson planning
5. Appreciate the importance of lesson planning; and
6. Craft a prototype lesson plan based on the concepts they have learned
II. Motivational Activity
JUST CALL ME IF YOU NEED ME

Directions: This game requires 3 members; they choose a first player or

representative to answer the given puzzle. When they can't answer any more, they
pass it to the 2nd member, who will do the same process. They will answer the
puzzle, and when they can't answer any more, they will pass it to the last member. At
the end of the time, a timer will be set, and if they don't finish the timer and can't
answer or complete the puzzle, they will be eliminated. Before the first member
switches to the member he/she will shout "backburner" and when they finish it they
will shout "mission accomplished, go wonder pets"

1. Basic of Instructional Planning

III. DISCUSSION
Lesson planning is a crucial aspect of the instructional process, providing a
teacher's blueprint for learning objectives, competencies, and materials. It
involves considering all aspects of the process, including nuances, before, during,
and after discussions. Teachers often memorize books and use a lesson plan to
ensure a well-prepared classroom.

Importance of Lesson Plan

A. Higher change of achieving learning objectives.

Teachers have already anticipated the possible outcomes for the lesson. In this
way. they will know how to respond to possible events that may happen.
B. It guides teachers and gives them a sense of direction.
Sense of direction means they know the sequence of the lesson and there is
lesser chance for disorganized lesson. Apart from this, lesson plans also cultivate
confidence among the teachers.
C. It ensures lesson organization.
In planning, teachers get to select teaching approaches and strategies that are
aligned to the instructional objectives. Teachers can also prepare for instructions
whenever there are activities during the lesson.
D. It encourages teachers to project on possible outcomes.
Being able to project entails knowing solutions. to problems. This enables the
teachers to develop in them creativity and problem-solving skills relevant to
teaching.
E. It eliminates time wastage.
Time is very precious especially to teachers. A well-prepared lesson plan ensures
time management.

3.2 Parts of a Lesson Plan

A. Before the lesson plan.
- includes the preliminary activities. They may include some routinary activities
such as praying before the class and checking of attendance. Essential elements
in this part include
(a) review of the past lesson where teachers reexamine the learners' retention:
(b) motivation which is the "start-up or warm-up" part of the lesson: and
(c) statement of the new lesson's objectives.
B. Lesson proper.
- The middle part of the lesson where majority of the instructional time is used.
This is where teachers use the materials to the class. Teachers demonstrate or
give lecture on this part (depending on the teaching strategies used).
C. After the lesson.
The last part includes the generalization of the new lesson where students are
asked to summarize what they have learned. It is also in this stage where
meaningful closure is done where valuing and integration to the real world are
done. After the lesson, it is also relevant for teachers to evaluate the lesson for
the purpose of improving the lesson plan and other lessons to come.
3.3 Features of K to 12 Curriculum
As part of the K to 12 curriculum, it is relevant for you to reflect on its features for
you to be guided in writing the lesson plan.
A. Spiral progression.

The spiral progression approach follows a spiral progression of content which

means that they learn concepts repeatedly but of different level of complexity as
they move toward higher grades. This allows learners to develop mastery and
inquisitiveness. As a reflection, teachers need to strictly follow what is stated in
the curriculum guide. The curriculum guide contains the content, content
standards, performance standards, and learning competencies.

B. Constructivism.
As discussed in Unit II, constructivism is a learning theory that says learners
construct knowledge instead of just receiving information passively. This happens
when people make meaning or make sense from experience. This recommends
that teachers maximize the use of teaching strategies that allow learners to
accomplish challenging tasks to activate their creativity.
C. Differentiated instruction.
Differentiated instruction recommends the use of varied instructional approaches
and strategies to cater to the different needs of the learners. In here, teachers
must be aware of the multiple intelligences and most importantly, they must
know their learners: their needs, strengths, and weaknesses.

3.4 Things to Consider in Lesson Planning

Apart from the components of the curriculum, the following must also be
considered for successful planning:
A. Content.
As teachers, you are expected to be an expert in your content. For the beginning
teachers, it would be a challenging task due to the fact that you need to study the
content first before planning. If the lesson is content-heavy or your students
cannot handle too much content, always adjust your instruction.
B. Objectives.
Objectives are the core of planning. These describe what are expected among our
learners. The principle of alignment means that you are teaching what you are
supposed to teach, as well as assessing what to assess.
C. Classroom environment.
Classroom environment is not limited to the physical building, but has more to
that. When there is positive learning environment, students learn more.
However, there are a lot of things to be considered here such as the classroom
design, the relationships, the social climate, and many more
D. Materials.
Materials have a lot to say when it comes to selecting teaching strategies. There
are specific activities that require smart TVs, projectors, and speakers. Sad reality,
not all classrooms have all of this. As a twenty-first-century teacher and planner,
you have to cultivate in you the attitude of creativity. Never let the absence of
materials win over your commitment to high quality instruction.
E. Teacher.
It is also important to consider your own capabilities, your strengths and
weaknesses as a teacher. Do you have content mastery? Pedagogical skills? How
about technological skills? These are the basic questions that you need to reflect
upon for a successful planning and implementation of lessons.