Information Technology System Applicable in Health

Care Service  Critical Care Nurse

Nursing Documentation  Is responsible to ensure that critically ill

Nursing documentation in the patient record has patients are seriously conditioned individuals.
become more complex as nursing practice has Ensure that families of the medically ill patients
expanded to encompass care to critically ill and should receive optimal care.
specialty patients, and as technologic advances have
become standards of care in practice.  Critical Care Applications

CARE PLANNING  Areas where patients require complex

•The computer-based patient record facilities the assessment, high-intensity medication,
automation of the nursing care planning process. The continuous therapy and interventions, and
benefits and the challenges of integrating computerized unrelenting nursing attention and continuous
systems with the care planning have been extensively watchfulness.
reported in the literature during the last decade.
CRITICAL CARE INFORMATION SYSTEM
DECISION MAKING WITH EXPERT SYSTEMS
•Broadly defined the term clinical support system  Provide real-time resource utilization data and
CDSS includes an array of computer-based management of information and access critical care
applications that assist healthcare clinicians in the day- areas through the integration of the medical
to-day work of patient care. These may include facilities in the critical to an intelligent computer
programs that involve artificial intelligence AI; different system which is capable of processing all data.
types of knowledge such as uncertainty, heuristics and
fuzzy logic; expert systems; and decision support CRITICAL CARE INFORMATION SYSTEM
systems.  Enables the electronic collection of hospital and
patient-specific critical care data of the entire
OUTCOME MANAGEMENT patient in the critical care areas which can be
processed to create a patient profile which generate
 A look at outcomes management provides a real time and historical report
powerful illustration of how nurses use informatics
in daily practice to evaluate the relationship CRITICAL CARE INFORMATION SYSTEM
between patient goal attainment and nursing  Automated collection and management of medical
interventions. information will become the important task of the
critical care information system.
 A chapter on the use of computers in nursing
practice today would be incomplete without a MEDICAL INFORMATION BUS (MIB)
description of how informatics is being used to  Provides a generalized method of attaching patient
organize and implement systems for outcomes monitoring devices to a common interface.
management.  This interface converts the unique manufacturer
data communications protocol into a standardized
HEALTH COLLABORATION hardware and software system
● Collaboration with other members of the healthcare  Has the ability to filter, store and select information
team has always been a critical component of nursing. sent for inclusion into the clinical medical record on
● Advances in technology, however, have changed the the clinical computer system.
ways in which members of interdisciplinary healthcare
teams are and will be communicating in new millennium. Advantages of Critical Care Information System
● As Alpay and Russel suggested, “the use of IT is part
of the development and delivery of health servicesˮ  Intelligently integrates and process physiologic and
diagnostic information and store it to secured
PROGRESS IN PRACTICE clinical repository.
 The inevitable integration of computers into nursing
practice has been accompanied by speculation,  Creates trends analysis with graphical
controversy, and research on the benefits, barriers, representation of results.
and real potential of NISs for improving clinical
practice and giving nurses a voice in the  Offline stimulation can be performed to test the
development of healthcare policy. condition of the patients.

Hospital/Critical Care Application  Provide clinical decision support system

Critical Care Application  Provide access to vital patient information

 Critical Care Nursing
 Providing feedback and quick evaluation of the
 Is an area of expertise within nursing that focus patient condition and provides alert.
specifically with human responses to life-
threatening problems.
COMMUNITY HEALTH APPLICATION  Building strategies
 Collective term for the methodical application of  Building strong communication
information science and technology to community  Control of spread of disease
and public health process.
 Focuses on the health information system of the Ambulatory Care System
community, it is centered on the majority part of the
public. Ambulatory Care
 Emphasizes the prevention of the disease, medical  These services are performed at outpatient clinics,
intervention and public awareness. urgen centers, emergency rooms, ambulatory or
 Fulfils a unique role in the community, promoting same-day surgery centers, diagnostic and imaging
and protecting the health of the community at the centers, primary care centers, community health
same time maintaining sustainability and integrity of centers, occupational health centers, mental health
health data and information. clinics, and group practices.

Goal of Community Health Informatics Ambulatory Care Information System

 Effective and timely assessment that involves  Provides automated processing of data and
monitoring and tracking the health status of information such as allergies and medical alerts,
populations including identifying and controlling patients accounting system such as charging,
disease outbreaks and epidemics. billing, discounts and concessions, diagnostics
imaging treatments, and etc.
Community Health Nursing
Advantages of Ambulatory Care Information
 Comprehensive directed towards the majority of  System Real-time and easy access to patientʼs
individuals, families, and the community at large. medical records by healthcare providers.
 Improved workflow, which allows more time for
COMMUNITY HEALTH APPLICATION SYSTEM comprehensive patient counseling and review
 Encourages optimal application of computer
system, computer programs and communication Advantages of Ambulatory Care Information System
system for the benefit of majority of individuals,  Reduced errors with the availability of various
families and community. automation engines – drug interaction engine;
medical alert engine; patient billing engine, etc.
Primary Focus of Community Health Information  Improved clinical outcome analysis
System  Improvement in hospital inventory management

 Preventing, identifying, investigating and eliminating Issues in Ambulatory Care Information System
communicable health problems.  Increased accountability
 The need for continuous support
 Accessibility of data and information, through  Privacy and confidentiality of information
communication  Accessibility and security of data and information
 Integration and support to the other system
 Educating and empowering individuals to adopt
health life style The Role of Nurse Using Information System in the
Ambulatory Care System
 Facilitate the retrieval of data
 The very basic objective of the automated
 Effective transformation of data into information ambulatory care information system is to easily
integrate the data to the other data and easily
 Effective integration of information to other translate these data into information.
disciplined to concretized knowledge and creates  The effective transformation of data can be
better understanding. integrated to the other processes to transform it into
knowledge.
COMPUTER BASED SURVEY SYSTEM  The ambulatory care nurse and other health care
❖ Health Statistical Survey provider should be capable enough to implement
 Are used to collect quantitative information about the process effectively.
items in a population to establish certain
information from the obtained data. Emergency Preparedness And Response
 Focused on opinions or factual information
depending on itʼs purpose and many surveys Informatics Solution for Emergency Preparedness
involves administering questions to individuals. and Response
 Events in the United States, such as the
Advantages of Community Health Systems September 11, 2001 incident and the anthrax
breakout lead the government of the United
 Consistent exchange of response States to respond at an unprecedented pace to
 Synchronization of the decisions better prepare and manage terrorist events.
 Disease tracking Informatics could contribute to increasing the
 National alertness and preparedness efficiency in disaster response as well as
providing a telepresence for remote medical Emergency Preparedness and Response
caregivers. New threats to health include:
● Mass trauma- ex. explosions and blast injuries
 The purpose of this chapter is to explore current ● Biologic and biochemical warfare agents- ex. Anthrax,
and future roles of informatics in emergency plague,smallpox
preparedness and response. ● Emerging infectious disease- ex. SARS
● Other outbreaks/incidents- wildfire, storms
Changes in the Federal System Affecting Primary care and emergency department practitioners
Emergency Preparedness and Response need readily accessible information to facilitate
diagnosis.

A New Definition of Community Administrative Assistive Devices and Workplace

Technology
 Community health is the provision of healthcare
• Assistive technology is an umbrella term covering
outside the hospital infrastructure. As such, the
the Systems and services related to the delivery of
public health departments have been viewed as the
assistive products and services.
major delivery system of healthcare.
• Assistive products maintain or improve an
individual’s functioning and independence, thereby
Federal Responsibilities for Healthcare Providers promoting their well-being.
 The U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services (DHHS) is responsible for the education of • Hearing aids, wheelchairs, communication aids,
healthcare professionals in preparedness for spectacles, prostheses, pill organizers and memory
emergencies, including potential terrorism. Three of aids are all examples of assistive products.
the units focus on emergency planning and • Globally, more than 2.5 billion people need one or
response: the CDC the Agency for Healthcare more assistive products.
Research and Quality (AHRQ), and HRSA. Each of • Information Technology in Nursing
these agencies play a critical role in emergency • It is simply defined as the use of electronic
planning and response. technological
advances such as computers, remote telehealth, and
telecommunication within the healthcare environment to
New Visibility of GDC Promotes Informatics capture, store, maintain and preserve health, and
Solutions medical information and data.
 Several of the CDC initiatives require informatics
support. The National Electronic Disease • Assistive devices used in Nursing
Surveillance System (NEDSS) is an initiative that are any piece of equipment or device used to maintain
promotes the use of data and information system or promote function in someone with a disability.
standards to advance the development of efficient, ❖ Nurses finds that these workplace medical
integrated, and interoperable surveillance systems technologies and assistive devices are helping them
at federal, state and local levels. It is a major with routine processes and decrease human
component of the Public Health Information mistakes and errors that is most commonly happening
Network (PHIN). to few nurses that are working long hours with too many
patients.

Roles of AHRQ in Stimulating New Informatics • TYPES OF ASSISTIVE DEVICES:

Solutions  Mobility Aids (Wheelchairs, Scooters, Walker,
 AHRQ'S involvement in bioterrorism comes for the Crutches, Prosthetic devices and Orthotic devices)
recognition hospitals, that clinicians, and healthcare Hearing Aids
systems have essential roles in public health  Cognitive Aids- prompts designed to help users
infrastructure. complete a task or series of tasks.
 Physical modifications in built in environments
(home devices)
Emergency Preparedness and Response  Adaptive switches and utensils (home devices)
● Early informatics planning has help focused
mainly on threat detection. Informatics can TELEHEALTH
help increase the effectiveness in responding ❖ Use of telecommunication technologies to provide
to disasters as well as giving a tele-presence health care services to clients and provide access to
for remote medical personnel. Some of the health related information for both the clients and
contributions that informatics can play during healthcare providers.
disasters are electronic health records,
tracking of victims and supply inventory. TELEHEALTH APPLICATIONS
1.Telephone
– 911 for emergency and health assistance;
Teleconferencing to healthcare community; Call centers
dealing with healthcare communication services
2.Computer systems
–monitoring and diagnostic equipment automating functions both simple and complex. It
❑ Advanced wireless applications doesn’t replace nurses
❑ Computerized home health care system (CHHCS)

Computerized Home Health Care

System (CHHCS)
❑ Non invasive sensors are applied directly to
patient:
● Monitor vital signs
● Oxygen Saturation
● Breath/ heart sounds
● Body postures & movements
● ECG leads and scanners

❑ Interactive communication accessories:

● Microphone, speaker, monitor display, camera
1.Telephone
– 911 for emergency and healthassistance;
Teleconferencing to healthcarecommunity; Call centers
dealing with healthcarecommunication services
2.Computer systems
– monitoring and diagnosticequipment
  Advanced wireless applications
  Computerized home health care system
(CHHCS)

Computerized Home Health Care System

(CHHCS) Significance/Advantages
❑ Enables patient to look for themselves in their
homes which will help improve patients
compliance.
❑ Reduces incidence of unnecessary readmission
which is cost-effective.
❑ Patients are assured that they are monitored daily
in their homes.

Computerized Home Health Care System

(CHHCS) Significance/Advantages
❑ Early detection of disease & complications,
thus allowing the nurse to respond immediately to
the patient’s status
❑ Enables the nurse to be more autonomous and
create more collaborative roles

Issues in TeleHealth
● Legal Issues- Regulation and authority on healthcare
practice regarding telehealth.
● Safety Standards- there is a need to certify care
providers who engaged in telehealth as a new
medium of delivery.
● Security- question of privacy, confidentiality and data
security. Data should be in secure lines.
● Budget Constraints– cost of infrastructure,
installation, connection, training and maintenance is
High

The Value of Technology in Automating

and Improving Patient Care
● Nursing is what nurses do, and what nurses do is
coordinate and deliver care. The context, technology,
and health needs of our populations have changed,
nurses remain the foremost providers and coordinators
of care.
● Showcasing the caring aspects of nursing in a
technologically dominated world is challenging.
● Technology enables care and enhances safety by