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SS1 Physics II (Work, Energy and Power)

The document explains the concepts of work, energy, and power, defining work as the product of force and displacement in the direction of the force, measured in Joules. It outlines the conditions for work to be done, examples of work, and the various forms of energy, including mechanical, heat, light, electrical, and solar energy, as well as the law of conservation of energy. Additionally, it describes potential and kinetic energy, and defines power as the rate of doing work or expending energy over time.

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122 views4 pages

SS1 Physics II (Work, Energy and Power)

The document explains the concepts of work, energy, and power, defining work as the product of force and displacement in the direction of the force, measured in Joules. It outlines the conditions for work to be done, examples of work, and the various forms of energy, including mechanical, heat, light, electrical, and solar energy, as well as the law of conservation of energy. Additionally, it describes potential and kinetic energy, and defines power as the rate of doing work or expending energy over time.

Uploaded by

omoniyid266
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WORK, ENERGY AND POWER

WORK
Work is said to be done when a force applied to a abody moves a distance inn the direction of
the force.
It is also the product of force and the distance in the direction of the force.
Work = force x displacement
W=FxS
The unit is Joules
Conditions to be met before work is said to be done
i. A force must be applied
ii. The force must cause the body to which it is applied to move through a distance.
iii. The distance moved must be in the direction of the force.

Examples of work being done


a) A man climbing a tree
b) A girl climbing a set of stairs
c) A bucket being lifted from the ground
Cases of work not being done

 A boy pushing a fixed wall


 A girl standing with a bucket of water on her head

A. Work done when the force is inclined

Cos θ = fx/f
The horizontal component of the force fx
Work done = Fx S
Fx = fcosθ
Work done = (fcosθ) S
work done = FScos θ
B. Work done in a force field
a) Lifting a body: the weight acts downward but when the body is being lifted, the force
lifting the body equals the weight of the body. Work is said to be done against gravity.
work done = force x distance
workdone = weight x height
W = mgh
b) Falling bodies:
i. A body falling vertically downwards:
Work = force x distance
= weight x height
work = mgh
ii. A body falling down an inclined plane

Workdone = mgh
Sin θ = h/l
H = l sin θ
Θ = angle of inclination of plane to the horizontal
Workdone = mgl sinθ
iii. A man climbing a set of stairs
Workdone = mgh
M = mass of man
h= height of one step x number of steps
ENERGY
It is defined as the capacity to do work. The unit is Joule(J).
Forms of Energy

 Mechanical energy: potential and kinetic energy.


 Heat energy: the total internal energy of a body.
 Light energy
 Electrical energy: is obtained from the flow of electric charges through a conductor.
 Solar energy: gotten from the sun

Sources of Energy
(i) Renewable sources
(ii) Non-renewable sources
Energy Conversion and conservation
Energy can be converted from one form to another but it is neither created nor destroyed in the
process.
The law of conservation of energy states that the total within an isolated system is constant,
though the energy may be converted from one form to another.
An isolated system is a system that neither gives energy outside nor receive energy from
outside the system.

Examples of energy conversion


From To Device
1 Mechanical Electrical Generator
2 Heat Mechanical Turbine
3 Solar Electrical Photo cell
4 Electrical Sound Television
5 Chemical Electrical Battery

TYPES OF MECHANICAL ENERGY


 Potential energy: it is energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position.
Types :
 Gravitational Potential energy (GPE): it is energy possessed by a body
by virtue of its position in the earth’s gravitational field.
GPE = mgh
 Elastic PE: is energy stored in an elastic material or spring.
P.E = ½ Fe or ½ ke2
Where e = extension
K= force constant/stiffness of the elastic material.
 Kinetic energy : is energy possessed by a body by virtue of its motion.
K.E = ½ mv2
V = velocity of the body
M = mass of the body

POWER
It is defined as the time rate of doing work.
Power = workdone /time
Power = energy expended /time

Power = workdone /time = FS/t


P = F(s/t)
s/t = v
power = FV
where f = force applied
v = velocity of the body

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