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LAB 1

The report outlines an experiment conducted by students at the Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology to determine the density of rigid objects, specifically a copper ring and a steel ball, using a vernier caliper and a technical balance. It details the aims, theoretical foundation, apparatus, methods, and procedures for measuring the volume and mass of the samples, as well as the equations for calculating density and errors. The report also includes tables for recording experimental data and emphasizes the importance of accuracy in measurements.

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8 views6 pages

LAB 1

The report outlines an experiment conducted by students at the Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology to determine the density of rigid objects, specifically a copper ring and a steel ball, using a vernier caliper and a technical balance. It details the aims, theoretical foundation, apparatus, methods, and procedures for measuring the volume and mass of the samples, as well as the equations for calculating density and errors. The report also includes tables for recording experimental data and emphasizes the importance of accuracy in measurements.

Uploaded by

thanh.nguyen3012
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

GENERAL PHYSICS LABORATORY


Lecturer: M.Eng. Nguyễn Diệp Quốc Tuấn

REPORT LAB 1

DETERMINING THE DENSITY OF RIGID OBJECTS

Class: CC13 - Group: 1B


STT Name Stu. ID Lecturer’s comments
1 Lưu Thiên Phúc 2352936
2 Phạm Minh Tuân 2353265
3 Hoàng Khang Huy 2352376
4 Mai Xuân Đạt 2352231
5
/*Link tài liệu tham khảo cho ai cần: CNCP :DDD
Và nhớ đọc trước cái bài soạn này (đương nhiên là bản hoàn chỉnh) trước khi lên lớp
nha, thầy hỏi không biết là cook */
I. Aims/Purpose and Theory:
a. Aims/Purpose:
- Determining the density of solid samples with a symmetrical form by
measuring its volume and mass by using a vernier caliper and technical
balance.
- Acknowledging the theoretical foundation, the methods used to conduct the
experiment, and the construction and functioning of the experimental
apparatus.
- Acknowledging how to determine the density of rigid objects by performing
the experiment.
- Preparing the report and calculating errors as requested.
b. Theoretical foundation:
Density is a substance's mass per unit of volume. Mathematically, density is defined
as mass divided by volume:

where ρ is the density, m is the mass and V is the volume.

As there are many units of mass and volume covering many different magnitudes
there are a large number of units for mass density in use. The SI unit used for density
is kilogram per cubic meter (kg/m3).
II. Apparatus, Method and Procedure:
//soạn pp đo cho cả 2 mẫu nha (copper ring và steel ball - có trong sách trang 86 -
87), còn phần procedure ai quen anh chị nào thì hỏi thử là mình có cần ghi tóm tắt
miêu tả với nguyên lí hoạt động của từng dụng cụ đó không, tại mẫu có cái làm có cái
không …

A. Determining the volume of the solid objects with a symmetrical shape

1) Apparatus:

+ 1 vernier caliper 0 - 150 mm with precision 0.02 mm.

+ 2 measuring samples (copper ring, steel ball).

2) Method:
Using the indirect measurement method to measure the volume of given objects:
Measuring the dimensions of the given objects to calculate their volume.

3) Procedure:

+ Check for the zero-errors, if there are any, fix it by adding or subtracting the error
amount to the measured value.

● Measuring the size of a copper ring and determining the volume

+ Conduct 3 measurements using a caliper to measure the outer diameter D, inner


diameter d, and height h of the copper ring.

+ Read and record the values of D, d, and h in each measurement in Table 1.

+ Calculate the volume V of the copper ring using formula in Part III.

● Determining the volume of a steel ball

+ Measure the diameter D of the ball 3 times by using a vernier caliper at different
positions.

+ Read and record the values of D in each measurement in Table 2.

+ Calculate the volume V of the ball using formula in Part III.

B. Measuring the mass using technical balance

1. Apparatus:

+ 1 technical balance 0 - 200 g with precision 0.02 g

+ 1 weight box 0 – 200 g

+ 2 measuring samples (copper ring, steel ball)

2. Method:

Using the direct measurement method, two-pan beam balance method to measure the
mass of objects. (by the technical balance)

3. Procedure:

+ Check for the zero-errors: Turning on the knob K when there are no masses in the
two pan to check whether the beam is in horizontal position or not, if not, adjust the
two balancing screw B1 and B2 at the two ends of the beam (or ensure the piece of
iron - the counterweight on the large scale is at the zero line in some other kinds of
technical balance - the one in the sample video).

+ Place the object to be weighed on the left pan of the balance


+ Select the weights (in order from large to small, including the counterweight) and
sequentially place them on the right pan so that when turning the knob K to its "ON"
state, the beam is in a balanced (horizontal) position.

+ Perform the weighing procedure for the mass of the object three times.

+ Read and record the total mass values m0 of the weights (including the
counterweight) placed on the right pan in each measurement into Table 3.

III. Equations:
a. Calculating formulas: //lúc viết nhớ thêm đơn vị
● The volume of the ring: m3

where D is the outer radius, d is the inner radius and h is the height of the ring.

● The volume of the ball: m3

where d is diameter.

● Density: kg /m3

b. Error formulas:
● The relative error of the ring volume calculation:

● The relative error of the ball volume calculation:

● The absolute error of the volume calculation:

● The relative error of the density calculation:


● The absolute error of the density calculation:

IV. Experimental Data:


//này kẻ sẵn bảng thui ko cần số liệu, lên lớp đo mới điền vô và chừa chỗ để gv ký xác
nhận
Table 1: Size of copper ring Accuracy of Vernier caliper: 0.02 mm

D ΔD d Δd h Δh
−3 −3 −3 −3 −3 −3
(1 0 m¿ (1 0 m) (1 0 m¿ (1 0 m) (1 0 m) (1 0 m)

1
2
3
Avg.
//dưới bảng này chừa ra khoảng 6 dòng để ghi các tính toán nha

Table 2: Size of steel ball Accuracy of Vernier caliper: 0.02 mm

1 2 3 Average
D
−3
(1 0 m¿

ΔD
−3
(1 0 m)
//dưới bảng này chừa khoảng 5 dòng để ghi các tính toán

Table 3: The mass of the ring and the ball - Accuracy of technical balance: 0.02g

m1 Δm1 m2 Δm2
−3 −3 −3 −3
(1 0 kg ¿ (1 0 kg) (1 0 kg ¿ (1 0 kg)

1
2
3
Avg.
//dưới bảng này chừa 5 dòng để thực hiện các tính toán
V. Calculations:
//này lên lớp mới làm (có trong sách, xem thử để biết)
VI. Conclusion:
//này cũng lên lớp, nhớ ghi đầy đủ 3 phần của kết luận (giá trị trung bình, sai số, đơn
vị)

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