The Concept of Sentence
Viviana Lisma Lestari, M.Pd,
4 Parts of Speech
1. Verb
Non-Verb :
2. Noun
3. Adjective
4. Adverb
SENTENCE
A sentence is a group of words giving a
complete thought.
A sentence must contain a subject and a
predicate.
Verbal & Nominal Sentences
• In general, sentence is divided into 2 categories:
1. Verbal Sentence ;
✔ Verbal Sentence is a sentence that has a verb.
2. Nominal Sentence ;
✔Nominal Sentence is a sentence that does not have a verb, So,
it must use auxiliary verb.
AUXILIARY
• Auxiliary Verb
• To be : am, is, are, was, were, been, being
• To do : do, does, did
• To have : have, has, had
• Modal Auxiliary
• It can give the sense of the meaning
• can, could, will, would, may, might, must, have to, had to, etc + Verb 1
• To express any permission, suggestion, offering, willingness, etc.
VERBAL SENTENCE
• SUBJECT + VERB
• I
• YOU
• THEY
• WE
• HE + VERB
• SHE
• IT
Example of Verbal Sentence
study-studied-studied
• SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
• Subject + Verb 1(+s/es)
• I study English everyday
• She studies English everyday
• SIMPLE PAST TENSE
• Subject + Verb 2
• I studied English last night
• She studied English last night
• SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
• Subject + shall/will + Verb 1 Subject + to be + going to + V1
• I will study English tomorrow I am going to study English tomorrow
Example of Verbal Sentence :
Verb (kata kerja) : belajar = study – studied – studied
v1 v2 v3
1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
Subject (I, you, they, we) + verb 1 Subject (he, she, it) + verb1+s/es
(+) I study English everyday. (+) She studies English everyday.
(-) I do not study English everyday. (-) She does not study English everyday.
(?) Do I study English everyday? (?) Does she study English everyday?
(?) Do you study English everyday?
*do not = don’t
*does not = doesn’t
Example of Verbal Sentence :
Verb (kata kerja) : belajar = study – studied – studied eat-ate-eaten
v1 v2 v3
2. SIMPLE PAST TENSE
Subject (I, you, they, we, he, she, it) + Verb 2
(+) I studied English last night. (+) She studied English last night.
(+) I ate pizza yesterday.
(-) I did not study last night. (-) She didn’t study English last night.
(?) Did you study English last night? (?) Did she study English last night?
*did not = didn’t
USED TO / TO BE USED TO
• Used to
• Expresses the habits done in the past, but it doesn’t continue any longer or stops in the
past.
• Used to + Verb1
• Examples:
• (+) He used to smoke. (Dia dulu merokok.) 🡪 (-) He did not use to smoke. 🡪 (?) Did he
use to smoke?
• Be Used To
• Expresses the habits done in the past, but it still continues until now.
• To be used to + Verb+ing.
• Examples:
• (+) He is used to smoking. (Artinya dari dulu dia perokok, hingga sekarang pun masih). 🡪
(-) He is not used to smoking. 🡪 (?) Is he used to smoking?
Example of Verbal Sentence :
Verb (kata kerja) : belajar = study – studied – studied
v1 v2 v3
3. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
Subject + will + V1 Subject + to be + going to + V1
(+) I will study English tomorrow (+) I am going to study English tomorrow
(-) I will not study English tomorrow (-) I am not going to study English tomorrow
(?) Will I study English tomorrow? (?) Am I going to study English tomorrow?
(?) Will you study English tomorrow? (?) Are you going to study English tomorrow?
*will not = won’t
NOMINAL SENTENCE
• SUBJECT + AUXILIARY + NOUN/ADVERB/ADJECTIVE
• I
• YOU
• THEY
• WE
• HE + AUXILIARY + NOUN/ADVERB/ADJECTIVE
• SHE
• IT
• *in simple tenses
AUXILIARY
Auxiliary Verb :
• To be : am, is, are, was, were, been, being
• To do : do, does, did
• To have : have, has, had
Modal Auxiliary : Can give the sense of the meaning
• can, could, will, would, may, might, must, have to, had to,
etc
Example of Nominal Sentence
• SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
• S + Auxiliary Verb (am, is, are) + Noun/Adverb/Adjective
• I am a student. (singular) 🡪 🡪 🡪 They are students. (plural)
a/an : seorang/sebuah/seekor
an apple - a mango - a/an university
• I am here
• I am tall
• She is smart
Example of Nominal Sentence
• SIMPLE PAST TENSE
• Subject + Auxiliary Verb (was/were) + noun/adverb/adjective
• I was a student
• They were students
• I was here
• SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
• Subject + modal auxiliary (will/shall) + be + noun/adverb/adjective
• I will be a student of Queensland University next year.
• I will be there
• I will be nice
Example of Nominal Sentence :
1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
S + to be (am, is, are) + non-verb (noun, adjective, adverb)
(+) I am a student.
I am (-) I am not a student.
(?) Am I a student?
(?) Are you a student?
You (+) They are smart.
They are (-) They are not smart.
We (?) Are they smart?
He (+) She is there.
She is (-) She is not there.
It (?) Is she there?
Example of Nominal Sentence :
2. SIMPLE PAST TENSE
S + to be (was, were) + non-verb (noun, adjective, adverb)
(+) I was a student.
(-) I was not a student.
I (?) Was I a student?
He was (?) Were you a student?
She
It (+) She was there.
(-) She was not there.
(?) Was she there?
You (+) They were smart.
They were (-) They were not smart.
We (?) Were they smart?
Example of Nominal Sentence :
3. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
S + will be + non-verb (noun, adjective, adverb)
(+) I will be a college student.
I (-) I will not be a student.
(?) Will I be a student?
will be (?) Will you be a student?
You (+) They are going to be smart.
They (-) They are not going to be smart.
We (?) Are they going to be smart?
He (to be + going to) be (+) She will be there.
She (-) She will not there.
It (?) Will she be there?
Adverb of Quantity
• A/AN (sebuah/seekor/seorang)
• a/an + countable (singular)
• I have a book
• I have an apple
Adverb of Quantity
• MUCH / MANY (BANYAK)
• Many + Countable Noun (Plural)
• Example: I have many books.
• Much + Uncountable Noun
• Example: I have much sugar.
Adverb of Quantity
• FEW / LITTLE (SEDIKIT) / A FEW
• FEW + Countable Noun (Plural)
• Example: I have few books.
• LITTLE + Uncountable
• Example: I have little sugar
Verbal or Nominal?
I study English everyday .
Verbal or Nominal?
I am a student of UIN Jakarta.
Verbal or Nominal?
I am forget my homework.
Verbal or Nominal?
I was a student of kindergarten.
Verbal or Nominal?
I am understand.
Verbal or Nominal?
I will study English tomorrow.
Verbal or Nominal?
We are agree.
Verbal or Nominal?
Are you like chicken?
GOOD LUCK!
