Government

of Canada
Gouvernement
du Canada
CAN/CGSB-3.1000-2024
Canadian General Office des normes Supersedes CAN/CGSB-3.1000-2019
Standards Board générales du Canada

Vapour control systems in gasoline

distribution networks

Canadian General Standards Board

Experience and excellence

Expérience et excellence
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NATIONAL STANDARD OF CANADA CAN/CGSB-3.1000-2024
Supersedes CAN/CGSB-3.1000-2019

Vapour control systems in gasoline distribution networks

CETTE NORME NATIONALE DU CANADA EST DISPONIBLE EN VERSIONS

FRANÇAISE ET ANGLAISE.

ICS 75.160.20

Published January 2024 by the

Canadian General Standards Board
Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0S5

© HIS MAJESTY THE KING IN RIGHT OF CANADA,

as represented by the Minister of Public Services and Procurement Canada,
the Minister responsible for the Canadian General Standards Board (2024).

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission of the publisher.
 CAN/CGSB-3.1000-2024

CANADIAN GENERAL STANDARDS BOARD

Committee on gasoline and alternative fuels

(Voting membership at date of ballot)

Co-Chairs
Gandalf O’Breham Shell Canada Limited (Producer)

Marie-Claude Raymond Suncor Energy Products Partnership (Producer)

General interest category

Alberto Villegas Anton Paar Canada Inc.

Amanda Prefontaine InnoTech Alberta

Andrew Pickard Consultant

Aurelian Hanganu Bureau Veritas

Bahareh Golfar Natural Resources Canada

Bradley Saville Savant Technical Consulting

Dan Wispinski VUV Analytics

Glen MacLean Intertek Caleb Brett

Gordon Chiu Petroleum Analyzer Company (PAC)

Hannu Jääskeläinen Consultant (Independent)

Hu Wu Amspec Services Llc.

Pierre Poitras Fuel+Consulting

Scott Stanners BC Bioenergy Network

Producer category
Andrea Wong Co-op Refinery Complex

Andrew Brown Irving Oil Ltd.

Bonnie Sparling Parkland Refining (BC) Ltd.

Brandon Payne VEOLIA Water Technologies and Solutions

David Coelho Afton Chemical Corporation

Greg Rockwell Imperial Oil Limited

Jody Kocsis Lubrizol Canada Ltd.

Joe Stark Innospec Inc.

Ken Mitchell Consultant for Canadian Fuels Association

Kevin Adlaf Archer Daniels Midland Company

Kristin Moore Advanced Biofuels Canada

Marie Pelletier Valero Energy Inc.

Marissa Macagnone BASF Corporation

Matthew Barnes Baker Hughes

Richelle Phillips Cenovus Energy

Stu Porter Consultant for Renewable Industries Canada

© CGSB 2024 — All rights reserved
 CAN/CGSB-3.1000-2024

Regulator category
Anna Ringsred Government of British Columbia - Ministry Of Energy, Mines and
Low Carbon Innovation
Michelle Raizenne Environment and Climate Change Canada
Prashant Reddy Government of Alberta - Ministry of Environment and Protected Areas
Roop Dhaliwal Transport Canada
Vincent Langlois Government of Quebec - Ministère de l'Économie, de l'Innovation
et de l'Énergie

User category
Bobbi Macleod Public Services and Procurement Canada
Carmen Harb National Defence
Claudio Ardiles Government Of Northwest Territories - Infrastructure, Fuel Services
Division
Nathaniel Hutchinson Government of Nunavut

Committee Manager (non-voting)

Astrid Lozano Canadian General Standards Board

Translation of this National Standard of Canada was conducted by the Government of Canada.

© CGSB 2024 — All rights reserved

 CAN/CGSB-3.1000-2024

Preface
This National Standard of Canada CAN/CGSB-3.1000-2024 supersedes the 2019 edition.

Changes since the previous edition

• Units of measure in Scope updated for clarity.

• Note added to “drop tube” definition pointing to API RP 2003 for guidance.

• Definition of “gasoline” updated.

• Default ambient CO2 level (“CO2a”) updated to 400 ppm to reflect the current ambient level.

The following definitions apply in understanding how to implement this National Standard of Canada:

• "shall" indicates a requirement;

• "should" indicates a recommendation;

• "may" is used to indicate that something is permitted;

• "can" is used to indicate that something is possible, for example, that an organization is able to do something.

Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements. The purpose of a note
accompanying a clause is to separate explanatory or informative material from the text. Annexes are designated
normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.

© CGSB 2024 — All rights reserved

 CAN/CGSB-3.1000-2024

Table of contents Page

1 Scope  1

2 Normative references  2

3 Terms and definitions  4

4 General requirements  8

5 Detailed requirements  9

6 Operating procedures  13

7 Terminal vapour control system emissions performance and cargo tank test procedures  16

Annex A (informative) Provincial acts and regulations applicable to vapour control systems in gasoline
distribution networks  40

Bibliography  41

Figures

Figure 1 – Gasoline distribution network with vapour control systems (VCS)  25

Figure 2 (typical) – Coaxial vapour control system  26

Figure 3 (typical) – Dual point vapour control system  27

Figure 4 (typical) – Cargo tank bottom loading  28

Figure 5 (typical) – Vapour recovery with product drop tube cargo tank top loading  29

Figure 6 (typical) – Vapour recovery with top tight fill cargo tank top loading  30

Figure 7 (typical) – Terminal vapour control connections  31

Figure 8 (typical) – Bulk plant vapour control connections  32

Figure 9 (typical) – Cargo tank vapour control system  33

Figure 10 (typical) – Dual point vapour balance connections  34

Figure 11 (typical) – Coaxial vapour balance connections  35

Figure 12 (typical) – VRU test method connections  36

Figure 13 (typical) – VDU sampling diagram  37

Figure 14 (typical) – Vapour leakage points on a tank truck compartment (bottom loading only)  38

Figure 15 (typical) – Cargo tank truck testing connections  39

© CGSB 2024 — All rights reserved

 CAN/CGSB-3.1000-2024

Introduction
This National Standard of Canada was developed in support of the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment
(CCME)’s Environmental Code of Practice for Vapour Recovery in Gasoline Distribution Networks. The CCME’s
Code of Practice addresses initiatives to reduce emissions of gasoline vapours, which are part of the volatile
organic compounds (VOCs), to the atmosphere. These compounds react with oxides of nitrogen on hot, sunny days
to form ground-level ozone, a component of urban photochemical smog.

This standard applies to a vapour control system (VCS) for gasoline transfers to cargo tanks, bulk plant storage
and service station storage tanks (often called Stage I controls). In some existing gasoline distribution networks, the
air and gasoline vapour in empty tanks is vented to the atmosphere as the tank is being filled. The VCS recycles
the air/vapour mixture from the tank receiving the gasoline back to the tank delivering the gasoline, then back to a
processing unit that recovers or destroys the vapours (see Figure 1). The use of this standard for a VCS will ensure
that approximately 90% of the vapours are typically contained.

This standard provides guidance to federal, provincial and regional authorities having jurisdiction for vapour recovery
in gasoline distribution networks and to owners who voluntarily implement a VCS.

This standard specifies technical details for the design, installation, operation and maintenance of Stage I controls.
Implementation of Stage I controls in Canada is through regulation by the authority having jurisdiction. This
standard is referenced in various regulations or permit requirements, and it is recommended that users consult the
regulations, this standard and the CCME Code of Practice to satisfy all requirements. Conformance to this standard
is recommended in the absence of regulation whenever Stage I controls are installed across Canada.

© CGSB 2024 — All rights reserved

 CAN/CGSB-3.1000-2024

Vapour control systems in gasoline distribution networks

1 Scope

This National Standard of Canada defines equipment requirements, performance criteria, and operating and testing
procedures for the implementation of a vapour control system (VCS) in gasoline distribution networks including
terminals, bulk plants, service stations and cargo tanks, commonly known as Stage I controls (see Figure 1 for a
schematic representation).

This standard does not address vapour control systems for vehicle refuelling, rail cars, marine transfers or aviation
gasoline facilities.

This standard has been developed to provide regulators, users, installers and compliance authorities with a uniform
installation reference for Stage I controls.

Extent of coverage — This standard provides performance criteria for equipment in use and specifies the type of
interconnecting fittings to be used at terminals, bulk plants and service stations, and on cargo tanks.

This standard does not provide design specifications for individual components such as mechanical design of a
fitting or detailed piping layout.

This standard also includes procedures for operating the Stage I facilities at various locations.

Simplified schematic have been provided to illustrate possible field installations and checks.

The test procedures included in this standard provide the basis for assessing the compliance of the equipment and
systems with the requirements of the authority having jurisdiction.

Application of this standard — This standard does not preclude or override any applicable regulatory requirement
where such regulations establish more restrictive limits than those given in this standard.

Certain considerations are required in the application of this standard.

The specified maximum back pressure at the cargo tank is 4.5 kPa (18 in. of water) to ensure proper operation of
the vapour control system.

There is a concern with the flow characteristics of poppetted vapour connections. Poppetted adaptors with low
restriction to flow can be necessary for some applications and are recommended for vapour connections to cargo
tanks.

For equipment and safety protection, the use of pressure/vacuum (PV) vents on underground tanks is not
recommended as such devices can freeze in the winter and therefore do not improve vapour recovery during the
filling of storage tanks.

Flame arrestors conforming to U.S. Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL1) standards and documents are recommended
in vapour recovery lines for the fire protection of vapour recovery unit (VRU) systems. It is necessary that flame
arrestors be sized so as not to increase system back pressures beyond the maximum back pressure specified
above (see 5.1.1.5, 5.2.1 and 5.3.1).

Present test methods, outlined in 7, are based on U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) test methods and
data gathered from a large-scale pilot program that operated in the Greater Vancouver Regional District (GVRD) in
1989–1990.

1
The required information may be obtained by contacting the Underwriters Laboratories Inc. Telephone: 847-272-8800.
Web site: www.ul.com.
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 CAN/CGSB-3.1000-2024

Gasoline–alcohol blends — It is the responsibility of the owner/operator of distribution networks handling

gasoline–alcohol blends to ensure that the materials and processes of the vapour recovery facility are compatible
with such blends.

Units of measure — Quantities and dimensions in this standard are given in SI units with imperial equivalents,
mostly obtained through soft conversion, given in parentheses. The SI units are regarded as being official in the
event of dispute or unforeseen difficulty arising from the conversion. This standard expresses the industry standard
nominal unit of measurement in North America of “% by volume”, “ppm by volume”, “m3” and “mg/m3”. The SI
equivalent expression for these units are % (V/V), mL/m3, litre and mg/L respectively.

The testing and evaluation of a product against this standard may require the use of materials and equipment
that could be hazardous. This standard does not purport to address all the safety aspects associated with its use.
Anyone using this standard has the responsibility to consult the appropriate authorities and to establish appropriate
health and safety practices in conjunction with any applicable regulatory requirements prior to its use.

2 Normative references

The following normative documents contain provisions that, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this National Standard of Canada. The referenced documents may be obtained from the sources noted below.

Note: The contact information provided below was valid at the date of publication of this standard.

An undated reference is to the latest edition or revision of the reference or document in question, unless otherwise
specified by the authority applying this standard. A dated reference is to the specified revision or edition of the
reference or document in question.

2.1 Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME)

CCME-EPC/TRE-30E – Environmental Code of Practice for Vapour Recovery in Gasoline Distribution Networks

2.1.1 Contact information

This document may be obtained from the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) by request, via
the contact information on their Web site: www.ccme.ca.

2.2 CSA Group

CSA B620 ─ Highway tanks and TC portable tanks for the transportation of dangerous goods

CSA C22.1 ─ Canadian Electrical Code, Part I – Safety Standard for Electrical Installations

2.2.1 Contact information

The above may be obtained from the CSA Group, Sales. Telephone: 416-747-2496 or 1-800-463-6727. Web site:
https://www.csagroup.org.

2.3 National Research Council of Canada (NRC)

National Fire Code of Canada

2.3.1 Contact information

The above may be obtained from the National Research Council of Canada, Publication Sales. Telephone:
613-993-2463 or 1-800-672-7990. E-mail: [email protected]. Web site: www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca.

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 CAN/CGSB-3.1000-2024

2.4 American Petroleum Institute (API)

RP 1004 ─ Bottom Loading and Vapor Recovery for MC-306 & DOT-406 Cargo Tank Motor Vehicles

RP 2003 ─ Protection Against Ignitions Arising Out of Static, Lightning, and Stray Currents

2.4.1 Contact information

The above may be obtained from the American Petroleum Institute, API publications. Telephone: 302-397-7956.
Web site: www.api.org.

2.5 ASTM International

ASTM D4953 ─ Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry
Method)

ASTM D5191 ─ Standard Test Method for Vapour Pressure of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels (Mini Method)

ASTM D5482 ─ Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels (Mini Method—
Atmospheric)

ASTM D6378 ─ Standard Test Method for Determination of Vapor Pressure (VPX) of Petroleum Products,
Hydrocarbons, and Hydrocarbon-Oxygenate Mixtures (Triple Expansion Method)

ASTM E1 ─ Standard Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers

ASTM E29 ─ Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications

2.5.1 Contact information

The above may be obtained from ASTM International. Telephone: 1-877-909-2786. Web site: www.astm.org.
They can also be obtained from Standards Store by Accuris. Telephone: 1-800-447-2273. Web site:
https://www.global.ihs.com/.

2.6 California Air Resources Board (CARB)

CP-203 – Certification Procedure for Vapor Recovery Systems of Terminals

2.6.1 Contact information

The above may be obtained from the California Air Resources Board. Telephone: 916-322-2990 or 1-800-242-4450.
Web site: www.arb.ca.gov. E-mail: [email protected].

2.7 U.S. Department of Defense (DoD)

A-A-59326 – Coupling Halves, Quick Disconnect, Cam-Locking Type, General Specifications for

2.7.1 Contact information

The above may be obtained from the Defense Automated Printing Service. Telephone: 215-737-8000. Web site:
http://quicksearch.dla.mil/qsSearch.aspx.

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 CAN/CGSB-3.1000-2024

2.8 U.S. Department of Transport (DOT)

Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) ─ Title 49: Transportation – Part 178 – Specifications for Packagings ─ Subpart J
– Specifications for Containers for Motor Vehicle Transportation

Section 178.346: Specification DOT 406; cargo tank motor vehicle

2.8.1 Contact information

The above may be obtained from GovInfo, which is a service of the United States Government Publishing Office
(GPO). Web site: http://www.govinfo.gov/ (search using “citation”).

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this National Standard of Canada, the following terms and definitions apply.

authority having jurisdiction

officer or officers having authority under appropriate regulatory instruments to exercise enforcement functions or
powers.

bottom loading
system for loading liquid petroleum products into a cargo tank from the bottom, through a system of pipes, valves
and dry-disconnect fittings (see figure 4).

bulkhead
dished divider forming a compartment within a cargo tank.

bulk storage facility

one or more storage tanks, including the appurtenances thereof, where petroleum products including gasoline are
received by pipeline, cargo tank, barge or rail car and is stored in bulk for subsequent transportation or distribution
by cargo tank. There are two types of bulk storage facilities:

a) terminal — A primary distribution facility typically equipped with floating roof tanks that receives gasoline by
pipeline, rail car or marine transfer. Gasoline truck loading facilities operated in association with petroleum
refineries or other processing plants are included in the definition of terminal.

b) bulk plant — A secondary distribution facility normally equipped with fixed roof tanks that receives gasoline by
cargo tank.

cam-and-groove coupler
machined fitting (typically hose end) designed to allow quick coupling and leak-free connection.

Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME)

intergovernmental forum in Canada for discussion and joint action on environmental issues of national and
international concern.

Note: Environment ministers from each of the ten provinces, the federal government and the three territories participate. The
14 ministers normally meet at least once a year to discuss national environmental priorities and determine work to be carried out
under the auspices of CCME.

cargo tank (truck), highway tank, tanker or tank truck

trailer having a bulk liquid tank on it or a motor vehicle having a bulk liquid tank mounted on the frame or chassis of
the vehicle, used for transporting gasoline.

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 CAN/CGSB-3.1000-2024

certified liquid product meter

liquid-measuring device calibrated by an authority having jurisdiction and used as the basis for legal trade.

coaxial vapour recovery system

means of collecting vapours on delivery of gasoline to an underground storage tank by the same connection as the
liquid fill through a single coaxial tank connection (see figure 11).

dead weight tester

instrument used as a standard for calibrating pressure gauges in which known hydraulic pressures are generated
by means of freely balancing (dead) weight loaded on a calibrated piston.

degassing
see the term “purge”.

drop tube
length of tubing used to extend a top filling connection to the bottom of the cargo (or underground storage) tank to
provide submerged fill (see figures 10 and 11).

Note: Reference [6] provides guidance on drop tube (often referred to as a “downspout”) placement for top loading tank trucks.

dry disconnect
mating fittings equipped with a poppet on both halves ensuring a leak free disconnection for liquids.

dual point vapour recovery system

means of collecting vapour during the delivery of gasoline to a service station underground storage tank by a tank
connection other than the fill connection (see figure 3).

floating roof tank

tank, used in terminal operations, equipped with a deck or roof which is free to float on the surface of the stored
liquid, and with seals to the sidewall to minimize vapour loss.

Note: The airspace above a floating roof is vented to atmosphere and therefore cannot be used for vapour balancing. The tank
can also have fixed roof (i.e., a tank with an internal floating roof).

fixed roof tank

tank with a fixed roof but with no internal floating roof or other internal vapour emission controls (e.g., bladder).

Note: A fixed roof tank is normally equipped with a pressure/vacuum (PV) vent and can be vapour balanced.

gasoline
hydrocarbon product potentially containing additives and oxygenates that is intended for use in spark ignition
engines and having a vapour pressure greater than or equal to 35 kPa measured at 37.8 °C. For examples, see
references [1] to [3].

hydrocarbons
compounds made up of carbon and hydrogen, which constitute the main components of petroleum products.

instantaneous loading rate

rate of product being loaded into the cargo tank at the moment the meter reading is taken.

interlock
mechanical or electrical device by means of which the functioning of one part of the system is controlled by the
functioning of another.

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 CAN/CGSB-3.1000-2024

leak free
equipment or connections that when assembled and in continuous normal service maintain a specified leak rate.
See 4.3.1.1.

liquid drop elbow

standard hose-end fitting used to connect the cargo tank delivery hose to a liquid connection on an underground
storage tank (see figures 3 and 10).

lower explosive limit (LEL)

concentration of flammable gases or vapours in the air above which the mixture is explosive.

manifold
pipe connecting several inlets to a common outlet.

operating service factor

ratio of hours (during facility operation) that the VCS is operating normally (tn), to the total operating hours of the
facility (ts), calculated over a calendar year:

Operating Service Factor, % = 100 (tn/ts)

operator
(cargo tank)
driver in charge of the cargo tank.

operator
(facility)
person who is responsible for the day-to-day operation of a terminal, bulk plant or service station and who is
expected to be on the premises during the hours of operation.

overfill prevention device

(cargo tank)
device connected to the loading pump controls that prevents overfilling of the cargo tank when liquid product is
being delivered to the tank.

Note: Also known as “overfill sensor”.

overfill prevention device

(underground storage tank)
device that prevents liquid overfill.

owner
institution, corporate entity, government agency or person who has legal ownership rights or has been assigned
custody to control, care for and manage a terminal, bulk plant, service station or cargo tank.

permissive system
system of mechanical or electrical interlocking devices that prohibits loading or unloading of gasoline unless the
vapour recovery system is properly connected.

poppet
spring-loaded disk mounted in an adapter/coupler, which provides positive closure when the adapter/coupler is
disconnected (see figure 10).

poppetted fitting
fitting equipped with a poppet for system closure when disconnected.

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probe
finger type pin centrally located in a coupler, which pushes open the poppet in an adapter upon connection (see
figures 10 and 11).

purge
displacement of gasoline vapours from a cargo tank by any safe means in accordance with regulations.

PV vent
pressure/vacuum vent designed to allow relatively small pressure increases or decreases to occur within a tank,
without allowing vapour venting to the atmosphere or air in-breathing into the tank.

service station
any premises at which petroleum products including gasoline are dispensed into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles,
including marinas with land-based storage.

submerged fill
system for loading liquid petroleum products into any tank using a pipe to provide entry below the liquid surface
thereby minimizing splash and vapour formation (see figures 2, 6 and 10).

switch loading
alternate loading of gasoline and other liquid petroleum products in the same compartment of a cargo tank without
purging.

top loading
loading of liquid petroleum products into cargo tanks from the top either through dome hatches using swivel arms
and drop tubes (see figure 5), or using top tight fill (see figure 6).

top tight fill (connection)

top-loading equipment composed of a dry-disconnect adapter with submerged fill tube, fixed to the cargo tank (see
figure 6).

underground storage tank

storage tank that is completely buried by or covered with earth, backfill or concrete, or a partially buried tank. A
partially buried tank means a storage tank that has 10% or more of its volume below the adjacent ground level.

vapour control system (VCS) (See figure 1)

vapour retrieval system incorporating the following subsystems:

a) vapour balancing — where vapours displaced from tanks receiving liquid product are returned to the tanks
delivering the product;

b) vapour recovery — where vapours returned from bulk plants and service stations in cargo tanks are recovered
in a vapour recovery unit (VRU) for subsequent use; or

c) vapour destruction — where vapours returned from bulk plants and service stations, in cargo tanks, are
thermally destroyed in a vapour destruction unit (VDU).

vapour destruction unit (VDU)

installation, located at a terminal, that receives gasoline vapours from cargo tanks and destroys them by combustion
or by other means.

vapour pressure
dry vapour pressure equivalent (DVPE) of gasoline at 37.8 °C (100 °F) measured according to ASTM D5191. While
the vapour pressure of gasoline may also be measured with ASTM D4953, D5482 or D6378, ASTM D5191 is the
referee method.

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vapour recovery adapter

cam-and-groove connection, conforming to U.S. DoD A-A-59326 (see figures 10 and 11).

vapour recovery elbow

standard hose-end fitting used to connect a cargo tank vapour hose to a poppetted vapour adaptor on the
underground storage tank (see figure 3).

vapour recovery unit (VRU)

installation, located at a terminal, that receives gasoline vapours from cargo tanks and recovers them for subsequent
use (see figure 1), thereby preventing their entry into the environment.

vapour tight
ability of the various elements that comprise the vapour control system to prevent emission of vapours to the
atmosphere. (Refer to 4.3.1.2 and the test procedure in 7.2 for further details.)

vent
opening to the atmosphere from the vapour space of a storage tank or cargo tank.

volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

compounds composed of hydrocarbons and other organic chemicals that evaporate to the atmosphere at ambient
conditions. VOCs are also known as reactive organic gases or non-methane volatile organic compounds. VOCs
refer only to photochemically reactive hydrocarbons and therefore exclude compounds such as methane, ethane
and several chlorinated organics. Gasoline vapours are a type of VOC.

working day
any continuous 24 h period during which the VCS is in service.

4 General requirements

4.1 Components of the VCS (including VRUs and VDUs) shall be installed, operated and maintained according
to this standard. Performance requirements for various components are specified under their individual headings.

4.2 Fittings

4.2.1 Fittings and connections shall be standard and compatible among the various components of the Stage 1
VCS (terminals, bulk plants, cargo tanks and service stations), and interchangeable among different users,
irrespective of location.

4.2.2 In general, these fittings and connections shall conform to API RP 1004, except where specified in this
standard.

4.2.3 All dimensions shown for piping and fittings in the figures in this standard are nominal dimensions.

4.3 Facilities equipped with vapour recovery equipment shall have the equipment connected during normal
operation.

Note: Undersized or poorly located piping, vents and connections can reduce vapour recovery efficiency.

4.3.1 All connections shall be leak-free and vapour-tight.

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4.3.1.1 Leak-free

During liquid loading, losses shall not exceed four drops per minute excluding losses that occur upon disconnect.
Upon disconnection, transfer losses shall not exceed 10 mL per dry disconnect of the same fitting, averaged over
three disconnects.

4.3.1.2 Vapour-tight

Vapour concentration shall be less than 100% of the lower explosive limit on a combustible gas detector measured
at a distance of 25 mm from the source.

Caution: Improper connections will result in flammable vapours at ground level and can constitute a fire,
explosion, human health and environmental hazard.

4.4 Caps on vapour recovery adapters shall be coloured orange, except for coaxial adapters at service stations,
as a safety measure to prevent accidental connection to liquid filling lines. Vapour systems with more than one outlet
should have positive shutoff devices (e.g., closed pressure vents, solid caps, valves or check valves, and poppetted
couplers) installed at all outlets to prevent the escape of vapours when not in use.

4.5 Electrical installations in hazardous locations as defined in CSA C22.1 shall conform to CSA C22.1 or other
applicable codes or standards as required by the authority having jurisdiction.

4.6 In applying this standard, the fire prevention and safety requirements of the National Fire Code of Canada
(latest applicable version) or other applicable fire and safety regulations and codes shall take precedence in the
event of conflicting requirements.

4.7 Numerical data shall be interpreted in accordance with the “rounding-off” method of ASTM E29.

4.8 The figures in this standard are typical installations and are for illustration only.

4.9 Cam-and-groove vapour couplings shall conform to U.S. DoD A-A-59326 (see figures 2, 3 and 11).

5 Detailed requirements

5.1 Terminals

5.1.1 Vapour recovery connections

5.1.1.1 Each loading bay at a terminal shall be equipped with a 100 mm (4 in.) nominal diameter vapour return
line as a permanent fixture of the loading rack. Vapour return line connections shall be 100 mm (4 in.) nominal
diameter cam-and-groove poppetted couplers with a probe to mate with 100 mm (4 in.) nominal diameter vapour
recovery adapters mounted on the cargo tanks (see figure 7). The system shall be designed so that vapours are not
released into the atmosphere when the vapour return line is disconnected from the cargo tank and not in use.

Note 1: At least two vapour connections are recommended at each loading bay with the capability to load two or more cargo
tanks simultaneously.

Note 2: It is recommended that vapour return line connections at the terminal loading bays be located in accordance with API
RP 1004.

5.1.1.2 The terminal operator shall be responsible for the proper maintenance of the vapour recovery system.

5.1.1.3 The cargo tank operator shall be responsible for ensuring that proper vapour recovery connections are
made prior to the commencement of product loading.

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5.1.1.4 Permissive interlocks, when used at the terminal loading rack, shall:

a) not require special equipment on cargo tanks;

b) not require intervention by the cargo tank operator.

5.1.1.5 The maximum back pressure of the vapour recovery system at the terminal shall not exceed 4.5 kPa
(18 in. of water) when measured at the cargo tank vapour outlet.

5.1.1.6 The vapour recovery system shall be designed for the collection of condensed hydrocarbons and water
in closed vessels for recycling or safe disposal. Condensed hydrocarbons and water shall be collected or removed
before reaching the carbon beds at the VRU.

5.1.2 Vapour recovery unit (VRU)/Vapour destruction unit (VDU)

5.1.2.1 Unless otherwise required by the authority having jurisdiction, the VRU and the VDU shall not emit more
than 35 mg of hydrocarbons per litre of gasoline loaded into cargo tanks at the terminal, in accordance with the test
procedures described in 7.1.3 and 7.1.4.

5.1.2.2 The VRU or VDU annual operating service factor shall not be less than 95%.

5.1.2.3 During the period of May 1 to September 15:

a) planned maintenance, requiring shutdown of the VDU or VRU during facility operation, shall be avoided as
much as possible;

Note: At high-throughput terminals, planned maintenance is typically done on a quarterly basis and may require a temporary
shutdown of the VDU or VRU during facility operation.

b) the authority having jurisdiction shall be notified if any repairs or adjustments result in VRU/VDU downtime
longer than 24 h. The authority having jurisdiction could have other reporting requirements.

5.1.2.4 Test results and maintenance records shall be kept for a three-year period or longer if so required by the
authority having jurisdiction.

5.2 Bulk plants

5.2.1 The vapour-balancing piping systems at the bulk plant shall not generate a back pressure exceeding
4.5 kPa (18 in. of water) when measured at the cargo tank vapour outlet.

5.2.1.1 Performance of the facility shall be established by:

a) a visual inspection to ensure that the proper fittings are installed (see figures 1 and 8 for a typical installation);

b) using a combustible gas detector (see 4.3.1.2) to ensure that the piping system and connections are vapour
tight during unloading.

5.2.2 The authority having jurisdiction shall be notified if the bulk plant vapour-balancing system is not in normal
operation because of any repairs or adjustments for a period exceeding 24 h.

5.2.3 Vapour recovery connections

When the bulk plant is equipped with a vapour return line as a permanent fixture of the loading/unloading rack, the
vapour recovery connections to be provided at the bulk plant shall be the same as described for terminals in 5.1.1.1
(see figure 8).

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5.2.4 PV vents shall be installed on above-ground fixed roof gasoline storage tanks. PV vents shall be set at
maximum pressure and vacuum within the allowable limits of the tank design pressure with due consideration for
safe operating pressures of storage tank and equipment. The design shall conform to the applicable Underwriters’
Laboratories of Canada (ULC) standard or document2 or to other applicable regulations by the authority having
jurisdiction.

5.3 Cargo tanks

5.3.1 The cargo tank shall be tested annually for vapour tightness according to the test procedure described in
7.2. The pressure change shall not exceed 0.75 kPa (3 in. of water) in 5 min when the cargo tank is subjected to a
pressure of +4.5 kPa (+18 in. of water) or a vacuum of -1.5 kPa (-6 in. of water). The operator shall keep records of
test results on file for one year.

Note: A 0.75 kPa (3 in. of water) pressure loss is approximately 99% vapour tight.

5.3.1.1 If the cargo tank fails the annual vapour tightness test, it shall be repaired and retested prior to its return
to service.

5.3.1.2 Cargo tanks meeting the requirement for vapour tightness shall have external identification, as required
by the authority having jurisdiction. It shall be affixed to the front curbside of the exterior of the cargo tank (see
figure 9).

Note: It is recommended that the external identification be the approved vapour tightness test date, in minimum 50 mm (2 in.)
size characters.

5.3.2 To load the cargo tank, it shall be confirmed that the cargo tank has met the vapour tightness requirements
within the last year (see 5.3.1).

5.3.3 The fittings of the cargo tank shall be compatible with the fittings at the terminals, bulk plants and service
stations.

5.3.3.1 The vapour recovery system on cargo tanks shall not affect the operation of the storage tank or terminal
loading rack.

5.3.4 Vapour recovery connections

5.3.4.1 The VCS piping installed on a cargo tank shall have a minimum cross-sectional area equivalent to that of a
100 mm (4 in.) nominal diameter pipe, terminating in a 100 mm (4 in.) nominal diameter cam-and-groove poppetted
adapter conforming to U.S. DoD A-A-59326 (see figure 9). The system shall be designed so that vapours shall not
be released when piping is not in use. Connections from compartments to the system shall have a minimum cross-
sectional area equivalent to that of a 75 mm (3 in.) nominal diameter pipe.

If small cargo tanks are loaded at reduced rates, the vapour recovery system may be sized accordingly, as long as
it terminates in a 100 mm (4 in.) nominal diameter adapter.

Note: Cargo tanks that have been fitted for vapour recovery prior to this standard with a 75 mm (3 in.) nominal diameter pipe
terminating in a 100 mm (4 in.) nominal diameter adapter do not require modification.

5.3.4.2 Two locations are recommended for the vapour recovery adapter used during bottom loading:

a) not more than 2.1 m (7 ft) to the front or rear of the centre line of the bottom-loading adapters;

b) at or near the rear or front bulkhead of the cargo tank.

2
The required information may be obtained by contacting the Underwriters’ Laboratories of Canada, 171 Nepean Street,
Suite 400, Ottawa, ON K2P 0B4. Telephone: 1-866-937-3852. Email: [email protected]. Web site: www.ulc.ca.

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In either case the adapter shall be installed on a centre not more than 1.5 m (5 ft) above grade when the cargo tank
is empty and not less than 0.6 m (2 ft) above grade when the cargo tank is full.

5.3.4.3 A minimum of two vapour recovery connections on the cargo tank is recommended, one for each transfer,
assuming double transfer operation.

5.3.5 Pressure/vacuum (PV) vents

5.3.5.1 The PV vents (see figure 9) installed on cargo tank compartments shall have sufficient capacity to prevent:

a) cargo tank overpressure damage at maximum loading rates;

b) cargo tank collapse from excessive vacuum during unloading.

5.3.5.2 A PV vent shall be installed in the cargo tank piping system to protect against overpressure because of
temperature fluctuations between loading and unloading operations.

5.3.6 When a cargo tank equipped for vapour recovery is bottom loaded and vapour recovery is not available, the
vapour recovery system shall be open to the atmosphere to prevent pressurization of the tank.

5.3.6.1 Vapours shall be discharged through an operator-activated bypass vent mounted below the top of the
cargo tank to vent either horizontally or vertically upward, at a level no more than 0.3 m (1 ft) from the top of the
cargo tank (see figure 9).

Caution: The discharge of vapour in the loading area at ground level can constitute a fire, explosion, human
health and environmental hazard.

5.3.7 When cargo tanks equipped for vapour recovery are unloaded and vapour recovery is not required, the
tanks shall inbreathe through the bypass vent vapour control systems as described in 5.3.6.1.

Caution: Any closure or restriction of the vent can create a vacuum sufficient to collapse the tank. (The
small-capacity PV vent in each compartment designed to handle temperature fluctuations could be
inadequate for vacuum relief during unloading.)

5.3.8 Any portion of the VCS installed on the top of the cargo tank shall be in accordance with CSA B620 or U.S.
DOT 406.

5.3.9 The VCS shall be designed to allow complete drainage by gravity of any liquid accumulating in the system.
The design shall also provide for degassing the unit before repair.

5.4 Service stations

5.4.1 The vapour-balancing system shall be designed to ensure that the vapours displaced from the underground
storage tank shall be returned to the cargo tank.

5.4.1.1 Performance of the facility shall be established by:

a) a visual inspection to ensure that proper fittings are installed (see figures 10 and 11 for typical installations);

b) using a combustible gas detector (see 4.3.1.2) to ensure that the system is vapour tight during unloading.

5.4.2 The authority having jurisdiction shall be notified if the service station vapour recovery equipment is not in
normal operation because of any repairs or adjustments for a period exceeding two working days. The authority
having jurisdiction could have additional reporting requirements.

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5.4.3 PV vents are not normally required on underground storage tank venting systems for effective vapour
control during filling of the underground storage tanks. They can reduce vent stack emissions from service station
working (or breathing) losses. If a design decision is taken to use PV vents, they shall conform to the requirements
of the National Fire Code of Canada (latest applicable version) and other applicable regulations required by the
authority having jurisdiction.

Caution: Users of PV vents are cautioned about potential freezing problems in cold climates. Failure of
PV vents can cause residual pressure to be contained in the underground tank after product transfer is
completed. Spills can occur on disconnection.

5.4.4 Use of manifolded vents is permitted on underground storage tanks. The manifold system shall be designed
so that, at the maximum anticipated product transfer rate, the vacuum at the truck vapour connection does not
exceed the set pressure of 1.5 kPa (6 in. of water) on the tank vacuum vent.

5.4.4.1 An overfill prevention device is recommended on underground storage tanks if the vapour vent lines are
manifolded.

5.4.5 Vapour recovery connections

5.4.5.1 For dual point unloading systems, the service station underground storage tank shall be equipped
with a 100 mm (4 in.) nominal diameter cam-and-groove poppetted vapour recovery adapter (see figure 10). It is
recommended that the vapour recovery adapter be located within 1000 mm (3 ft) of the liquid fill pipe.

5.4.5.2 For coaxial unloading systems, the service station underground storage tank shall be equipped with a
100 mm (4 in.) nominal diameter tight-fill coaxial vapour recovery adapter (see figure 11).

5.4.5.3 The cargo tank vapour hose shall be a minimum of 75 mm (3 in.) diameter with a 100 mm (4 in.) nominal
diameter cam-and-groove coupler at the cargo tank end and a 75 mm (3 in.) nominal diameter cam‑and-groove
coupler with probe at the elbow end (see figures 10 and 11) for combined use at bulk plants and service stations.

5.4.5.4 The cargo tank vapour hose shall connect to a 75 mm (3 in.) nominal diameter cam-and-groove adapter
on the vapour recovery elbow for dual point systems. The vapour recovery elbow shall connect to a poppetted
adapter on the underground storage tank vapour recovery connection (see figure 10).

The cargo tank vapour hose shall connect to a 75 mm (3 in.) nominal diameter cam-and-groove coaxial adapter on
the vapour recovery elbow for coaxial systems (see figure 11).

6 Operating procedures

6.1 Loading at terminals

6.1.1 All equipment associated with loading of gasoline and vapour recovery operations shall be maintained leak
free, vapour tight and in good working condition. The cargo tank operator shall be responsible for the operation of
vapour recovery equipment installed on the cargo tank. The terminal owner/operator shall be responsible for the
operation of vapour recovery equipment installed at the loading rack.

6.1.2 The vapour recovery hose coupler provided at the terminal loading rack shall be connected to the vapour
recovery adapter installed on the cargo tank before product-loading connections are made.

6.1.3 The vapour recovery hose shall be disconnected after product loading is completed. The system shall be
designed so that vapours are not released when the line is disconnected and not in use.

6.1.4 No device other than matching probe fittings shall be used to open poppetted couplers and adapters during
normal operation.

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6.1.5 The cargo tank operator shall not vent vapour to the atmosphere during transfer operations when vapour
recovery equipment is available. Dome hatches may be opened for inspection of the product except during loading
and unloading. Maximum opening time shall be 3 minutes to ensure minimum vapour escape.

6.2 Cold weather operation of VRUs/VDUs

6.2.1 The following cold weather considerations shall be reviewed before the final design is completed for the
VRU/VDU. Consultation with experts who maintain cold weather installations is recommended.

6.2.1.1 VRU gear box actuators

There is potential for ice to form because of condensation in the gear box on the swing valve actuators in the VRU.

6.2.1.2 VRU/VDU glycol concentration

The prescribed glycol concentration for the VRU shall be maintained in circulating systems to prevent freezing and
corrosion problems. Similarly, the same consideration shall be given to the VDU seal system.

6.2.1.3 VRU liquid lines

Water vapour entering the VRU with gasoline vapours will condense with the gasoline in cold weather, which can
lead to freezing in the liquid lines.

6.2.1.4 VRU/VDU vapour piping

Attention shall be given to any valve in low point areas of the piping system because of the potential to collect
condensed water, which could freeze. This could lead to valve actuator damage.

6.2.1.5 The manufacturer’s recommendations and guidelines shall be followed for heat tracing and insulation of
vapour and liquid piping within the VRU/VDU system.

6.3 Loading and unloading at bulk plants

6.3.1 All equipment associated with the loading and unloading of gasoline and vapour-balancing operations shall
be maintained leak free, vapour tight and in good working condition. The cargo tank operator shall be responsible
for the operation of vapour recovery equipment installed on the cargo tank. The bulk plant owner/operator shall be
responsible for the operation of vapour recovery equipment installed at the loading rack.

6.3.2 The vapour recovery hose coupler provided at the bulk plant loading rack shall be connected to the vapour
recovery adapter installed on the cargo tank before product loading/unloading connections are made (see figure 8).

6.3.3 The vapour recovery hose shall be disconnected after product loading/unloading is completed. The system
shall be designed so that vapours are not released when the line is not in use.

6.3.4 No device other than matching probe fittings shall be used to open poppetted adapters during normal
operation.

6.3.5 The cargo tank operator shall not vent vapour to the atmosphere during transfer operations when vapour
recovery equipment is available. Dome hatches may be opened for inspection of product except during loading and
unloading. Maximum opening time shall be 3 minutes to ensure minimum vapour escape.

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6.4 Unloading service stations

6.4.1 All equipment associated with unloading of gasoline and vapour-balancing operations shall be maintained
leak free, vapour tight and in good working condition. The cargo tank operator shall be responsible for the operation
of vapour recovery equipment installed on the cargo tank. The service station owner/operator shall be responsible
for vapour recovery equipment installed at the service station site.

6.4.2 The recommended sequence for connecting dual points and coaxial recovery systems for vapour recovery
is as follows.

6.4.2.1 Dual point systems (See figure 10)

a) Connect the vapour elbow to the vapour recovery adapter on the underground tank vapour connection.

b) Connect the vapour return hose to the vapour elbow.

c) Connect the vapour return hose coupler to the vapour recovery adapter mounted on the cargo tank.

Note: Liquid connections should be made after the vapour connections are complete.

6.4.2.2 Coaxial systems (see figure 11)

a) Connect the coaxial delivery elbow to the tight-fill vapour recovery adaptor on the underground tank connection.

b) Connect the vapour return hose to the vapour connection on the coaxial delivery elbow.

c) Connect the vapour return hose coupler to the vapour recovery adapter mounted on the cargo tank.

Note: Liquid connections should be made after the vapour connections are complete.

6.4.3 The recommended sequence for disconnecting both the liquid hose and the vapour return hose in dual
points and coaxial systems is as follows.

6.4.3.1 Dual point systems

a) Disconnect the liquid hose at the cargo tank.

b) Walk the hose with any residual product sloped back into the connected fill pipe.

c) Disconnect the liquid hose from the liquid drop elbow after the hose is clear of product.

d) Disconnect the liquid drop elbow from the tank drop tube connector fitting.

e) Disconnect the vapour return hose coupler from the vapour recovery adapter on the cargo tank.

f) Walk the vapour hose with any residual condensation sloped back into the connected vapour elbow.

g) Disconnect the vapour return hose from the vapour elbow.

h) Disconnect the vapour elbow from the vapour recovery adapter on the underground tank vapour connection.

Caution: Do not disconnect the vapour line prior to the liquid line disconnection. Discharge of flammable
vapours can constitute a fire, explosion, human health and environmental hazard.

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6.4.3.2 Coaxial systems

a) Disconnect the liquid hose at the cargo tank.

b) Walk the hose with any residual product sloped back into the connected fill pipe.

c) Disconnect the liquid hose from the coaxial delivery elbow after the hose is clear of product.

d) Disconnect the vapour return hose coupler from the vapour recovery adapter on the cargo tank.

e) Walk the vapour hose with any residual condensation sloped back into the coaxial delivery elbow.

f) Disconnect the vapour return hose from the coaxial delivery elbow.

g) Disconnect the coaxial delivery elbow from the tight-fill vapour recovery adapter on the underground tank
vapour connection.

Caution: Do not disconnect the vapour line prior to the liquid line disconnection. Discharge of flammable
vapours can constitute a fire, explosion, human health and environmental hazard.

6.4.4 No device other than matching probe fittings shall be used to open poppetted adapters during normal
operation. Do not vent vapour to the atmosphere during normal operation as this will defeat the operation of the
vapour recovery system.

7 Terminal vapour control system emissions performance and cargo tank test procedures

7.1 Terminal vapour control system

The test procedure described herein may be used to determine the effectiveness of the control of gasoline vapour
emissions during the loading of gasoline into cargo tanks at terminals equipped with a VRU or VDU. Alternate test
procedures may also be used (see note below).

Note: One of the following procedures may also be used to determine emissions performance (see. 5.1.2.1):

a) a
 n automated data system such as continuous emissions monitoring analyzer that collects the appropriate information under
maximum gasoline loading on a one-hour averaged basis;

b) an alternate test procedure acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.

7.1.1 Principle

The volume of gasoline loaded from the terminal storage tanks to the cargo tanks is recorded, and the total flow
rate and concentration of hydrocarbons in VRU/VDU vents are determined. The mass emission rate is calculated
from these determinations, and is expressed as milligrams of hydrocarbons emitted per litre of gasoline loaded. The
operator has the option to include the volume of diesel fuel switch loaded.

7.1.1.1 The VDU exhaust flow is determined by mass balance assuming no auxiliary fuel. An alternate test
method to the method described below is CARB CP203 (see 2.6). Organic carbon concentration and flow rates
are determined for the VDU inlet. Unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide concentrations
are determined for the VDU flue gas. The ratio of total carbon at the VDU inlet and outlet (inlet/outlet) is used to
establish the outlet gas flow rate, corrected to standard conditions [1 atm (101.3 kPa) and 15 °C].

7.1.1.2 Vapour volume flow rates are normally measured directly at the VRU vent(s) or VDU inlet. Certified
liquid product meters may be used to estimate the flow to the inlet of the vapour-processing unit if the operator can
demonstrate that such a method meets the accuracy requirements specified for such measurements.

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7.1.2 Test conditions

The VRU/VDU shall be operated in accordance with the owner or operator’s established and documented operating
procedures that are normally in effect, without unusual modifications to enhance system performance for the
purpose of the test.

7.1.2.1 The VRU/VDU shall be tested for a minimum of six consecutive one-hour test periods throughout the
normal hours of operation for the terminal. Tests should be conducted between May and September with gasoline
appropriate for the season. Loading patterns during test procedures shall reflect normal operations. At sometime
during at least two of the one-hour periods, the number of loading positions in use shall equal the maximum number
normally used during peak loading at the terminal.

Note: These provisions are intended to preclude the use of any “optimized” loading pattern for the purpose of enhancing test
performance.

7.1.2.2 Where vapour storage, accumulation or other flow-moderating systems are installed, the test shall
continue under normal operation until vapours accumulated during the test period are processed.

7.1.2.3 Each loading position’s vapour return line in the terminal shall be tested at least once during the period of
the test to check the back pressure.

7.1.3 Test procedure for vapour recovery units (VRUs)

7.1.3.1 Test equipment

a) Vapour flowmeters with a capacity sufficient to determine the volume of exhaust from the vent of the VRU, with
an accuracy of ±2% of full scale.

b) Coupler for attaching the flowmeter to the vent of the VRU with temperature and pressure-sensing devices and
hydrocarbon analyzer taps.

c) Barometer accurate to ±1 kPa, or alternatively, the barometric pressure calculated from hourly readings at the
nearest Environment Canada weather station.

d) Hydrocarbon (HC) analyzer with a precision of ±5% of full scale and a range appropriate for the test. Results
that are off scale void the test. However, if the VRU inlet concentration is measured, this concentration can be
used as the outlet concentration. The analyzer output shall be expressed in percent by volume of vent gas. The
analyzer shall be equipped with a continuous strip chart recorder or data logger reading at intervals of 15 s or
less.

Note: A second optional HC analyzer may be used for the determination of VRU inlet concentration.

e) Temperature-sensing device with a range of 0 °C to 60 °C having an accuracy of ±2 °C.

f) Pressure-sensing device (transducer or equivalent) capable of measuring 0 kPa to 2.5 kPa (0 to 10 in. of
water), reading to ±0.025 kPa (±0.1 in. of water), with a recorder or data logger.

g) Coupling with pressure tap for cargo tank vapour return line. The coupling shall have the same inside diameter
as the vapour return line.

h) Manometer (or equivalent) capable of measuring 0 kPa to 5 kPa (0 to 20 in. of water) reading to ±0.05 kPa
(±0.2 in.).

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7.1.3.2 Calibration

7.1.3.2.1 Vapour flowmeter

Acceptable standard methods and equipment shall be used to calibrate the flowmeter. The calibration curves shall
be traceable to the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).3

7.1.3.2.2 Continuous recorders, data loggers, pressure-sensing devices and temperature-sensing devices

Instruments are to be calibrated within the appropriate range for the test. Continuous strip chart (analogue)
recorders require daily calibration prior to testing, whereas digital data loggers, pressure-sensing devices and
temperature-sensing devices require calibration in advance of testing at a frequency sufficient to ensure the
requirements for accuracy are met. Digital data loggers shall be calibrated on all channels used for testing.
The temperature-sensing device shall be calibrated using duplicate thermometers conforming to ASTM E1,
compensated platinum resistance thermometers, or the equivalent known to be accurate to within ±2 °C of full
scale. The pressure-sensing device shall be calibrated using a static pressure calibrator, a dead weight tester, a
liquid manometer, or equivalent.

7.1.3.2.3 Total hydrocarbon (HC) analyzer

Follow the manufacturer’s instructions concerning instrument warm-up and operation. On each test day immediately
prior to testing, zero the analyzer with a zero gas (less than 0.3 ppm by volume HC as propane) and span with
standard gas mixtures at 30%, 50% and 85% of full scale on all ranges to be used during the test. The meter
calibration shall be verified after the test. If this check indicates a “drift” of more than 5% from the initial calibration,
the test can be declared void, or the test results can be calculated and reported using the calibration that gives the
largest emission rate. A record of calibration checks shall be maintained.

7.1.3.3 Procedures

See figure 12 for typical test connections.

a) Visually inspect the VCS for the use of proper equipment and recommended equipment connections.

b) Connect appropriate coupler to VRU vent and connect flowmeter, pressure and temperature-sensing devices
and hydrocarbon analyzer to the appropriate taps on the coupler.

c) Connect the coupling to the vapour return line at the cargo tank adapter. Connect manometer to the pressure
tap on the coupling. Record the pressure in the vapour return line at least once during the filling of the cargo
tank. Repeat for each cargo tank loaded.

d) Record the exhaust gas flow, pressure, temperature and hydrocarbon concentration in the VRU vent for the
required period, with at least twelve observations per hour taken at five-minute intervals.

e) Record the volume of gasoline loaded during the test period. The operator has the option to include the volume
of diesel fuel switch loaded.

f) At the end of the required period, disconnect all instrumentation and couplings from the VRU vent line.

g) All calculations shall be averaged over a one-hour period.

3
National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, U.S.A., Web site: www.nist.gov.

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7.1.3.4 Calculations

a) Calculate the volume of vapour discharged through the VRU vent, in standard cubic metres (scm) (see Note 1
below).

V = Vm x (Pa /101.3) x ((Tstd + 273) / (Tm + 273))

where:

V = Volume of vapour discharged through VRU vent, corrected to 15 °C (288 K) and 1 atm (101.3 kPa), scm

Vm = Volume of vapour measured by the flowmeter on the VRU vents, m3 (see Note 2 below)

Pa = Absolute pressure measured at the flowmeter inlet, kPa

Tstd = 15 °C, standard temperature

Tm = Average temperature of carbon adsorption beds, °C (see Note 3 below)

b) Calculate the mass of hydrocarbons discharged through the VRU vent per volume of gasoline loaded into cargo
tanks, mg/L.

W = K x V x C/(G x 102)

where:

W = Mass of hydrocarbons discharged through the VRU vent, per volume of gasoline loaded into cargo tanks,
mg/L

K = 1.83 × 106 mg/scm, density of propane at 15 °C

V = Corrected total volume of vent gas from 7.1.3.4 a) above, scm

C = Average of vent hydrocarbon concentration observations, percent by volume

G = Total volume of gasoline loaded into cargo tanks, L (see Note 4 below)

Note 1: One standard cubic metre (1 scm) is equivalent to 1000 L at 15 °C and 1 atm.

Note 2: Vm may be equated to the volume of products loaded onto tank cars, provided tank car and VRU connections are
annually verified as vapour tight.

Note 3: All inlet vapours are adsorbed into the carbon beds and brought to the temperature of the beds. These vapours or inlet
flow then goes into the atmosphere via the VRU vent, but the temperature has been changed when passing through the beds.

Note 4: The operator has the option to calculate G on the basis of the volume of gasoline loaded plus the diesel fuel switch
loaded.

7.1.4 Test procedure for vapour destruction units (VDUs)

7.1.4.1 Test equipment

a) Vapour flowmeter or equivalent to determine the volume flow of vapour to the VDU with a measurement
uncertainty of less than ±10% at the maximum flow rate to be measured.

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b) Two hydrocarbon analyzers having a precision of ±5% of full scale and ranges appropriate for the test.
The analyzers shall be equipped with continuous strip chart recorders or data loggers reading at intervals of
15 s or less.

c) Carbon monoxide (CO) analyzer with a test uncertainty of less than ±5% in the range of the test.

d) Carbon dioxide (CO2) analyzer with a test uncertainty of less than ±5% in the range of the test.

e) Two temperature sensors are required: one with a range of 0 to 60 °C ±2 °C for the inlet, and one with a range
of 0 to 200 °C ±2 °C for the outlet.

Note: The VDU outlet temperature is used to monitor the operation of the unit. It is not used in any calculations. An
outlet temperature sensor with a higher range may be appropriate depending on the normal operation of the VDU.

f) Pressure-sensing device (transducer or equivalent) capable of measuring 0 to 5 kPa (0 to 20 in. of water),

reading to ±0.05 kPa (±0.2 in. of water), with a recorder or data logger.

g) Sample conditioner capable of adjusting the temperature of the exhaust gas sample to a range acceptable
to the hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide analyzers.

h) Continuous strip chart recorders, electronic data loggers or equivalent for the VDU exhaust HC, CO and
CO2 readings.

i) Coupling with pressure tap for cargo tank vapour return line. The coupling shall have the same inside diameter
as the vapour return.

j) Manometer (or equivalent) to be used for measuring the cargo tank pressure, with a range of 0 to 5 kPa
(0 to 20 in. of water) reading to ±0.05 kPa (±0.2 in. of water).

7.1.4.2 Calibration

7.1.4.2.1 Vapour flowmeter

Acceptable standard methods and equipment shall be used to calibrate the flowmeter. The calibration curves shall
be traceable to the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (see 7.1.3.2.1).

7.1.4.2.2 Continuous recorders, data loggers, pressure-sensing devices and temperature-sensing devices

Instruments are to be calibrated within the appropriate range for the test. Continuous strip chart (analogue)
recorders require daily calibration prior to testing, whereas digital data loggers, pressure-sensing devices and
temperature-sensing devices require calibration in advance of testing at a frequency sufficient to ensure the
requirements for accuracy are met. Digital data loggers shall be calibrated on all channels used for testing. The
temperature-sensing device used at the VDU inlet shall be calibrated using duplicate thermometers conforming to
ASTM E1, compensated platinum resistance thermometers, or the equivalent known to be accurate to within ±2 °C
of full scale. The pressure-sensing device shall be calibrated using a static pressure calibrator, a dead weight
tester, a liquid manometer, or equivalent.

7.1.4.2.3 Total hydrocarbon (HC) analyzer

Follow the manufacturer’s instructions concerning instrument warm-up and operation. On each test day immediately
prior to testing, zero the analyzer with a zero gas (less than 0.3 ppm by volume HC as propane) and span with
standard gas mixtures at 30%, 50% and 85% of full scale on all ranges to be used during the test. The meter
calibration shall be verified after the test. If this check indicates a “drift” of more than 5% from the initial calibration,
the test can be declared void, or the test results can be calculated and reported using the calibration result that gives
the largest emission rate. A record of calibration checks shall be maintained.

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7.1.4.3 Procedures

See Figure 13 for typical test connections.

a) Visually inspect the VCS for the use of proper equipment and recommended equipment connections.

b) Insert the flowmeter into the pipe supplying the VDU, connect temperature and pressure sensors, and record
initial volume.

c) Connect the coupling to the vapour return line at the cargo tank adapter. Connect the manometer to the
pressure tap on the coupling. Record the pressure in the vapour return line at least once during the filling of the
cargo tank. Repeat for each cargo tank loaded.

d) Mark the data record at the beginning of the test. During periods of processing interruption and halting of
gas flow (when only the pilot flame is on), mark the data record so that this data is not included in the final
calculations. At the end of the test, mark the data record and record the final parameters for VDU inlet flow
volume.

e) Record the VDU inlet gas flow, pressure, temperature and hydrocarbon concentration. Record the VDU vent
temperature, CO, CO2 and hydrocarbon concentrations. The frequency of the measurements shall be at least
twelve observations per hour taken at five-minute intervals for the duration of the test.

f) Record the volume of gasoline loaded during the test period. The operator has the option to include the volume
of diesel fuel switch loaded.

g) All calculations shall be averaged over a one-hour period.

Note: The VDU outlet temperature is used to monitor the operation of the unit. It is not used in any calculations.

7.1.4.4 Calculations

a) Calculate the volume of vapour going to the VDU in standard cubic metres (scm) (see Note 1 below).

Vi = Vm x (Pa /101.3) x ((Tstd + 273) / (Ti + 273))

where:

Vi = Volume of vapour going to the VDU inlet, corrected to 15 °C (288 K) and 1 atm (101.3 kPa), scm

Vm = Volume of vapour going to the VDU inlet measured by flowmeter, m3 (see Note 2 below)

Pa = Absolute pressure in the pipe at the flowmeter inlet, kPa

Tstd = 15 °C, standard temperature

Ti = Average temperature of the vapour to the inlet, °C

b) Measure and calculate the average VDU flue gas concentrations for CO, CO2 and HC0, and the VDU inlet
concentrations for HCi

where:

CO = Average concentration of CO in VDU outlet, ppm by volume

CO2 = Average concentration of CO2 in VDU outlet, ppm by volume

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HCi = Average VDU inlet gas hydrocarbon equivalent concentration based on propane calibrant gas, ppm by volume

HC0 = Average VDU outlet gas hydrocarbon equivalent concentration based on propane calibrant gas, ppm by volume

c) Calculate the VDU exhaust volume.

V = Vi x Kc x HCi /[(Kc x HC0 ) + CO2 + CO – CO2a ]

where:

V0 = Volume of exhaust gas from the VDU, corrected to 15 °C (288 K) and 1 atm (101.3 kPa), scm

Vi = Volume of vapour going to the VDU inlet, corrected to 15 °C (288 K) and 1 atm (101.3 kPa), scm

Kc = Calibration gas constant, 3 for propane, 4 for butane, or as appropriate for other calibrations

HCi = Average VDU inlet gas hydrocarbon equivalent concentration based on propane calibrant gas, ppm by volume

HC0 = Average VDU outlet gas hydrocarbon equivalent concentration based on propane calibrant gas, ppm by volume

CO2 = Average concentration of CO2 in VDU outlet, ppm by volume

CO = Average concentration of CO in VDU outlet, ppm by volume

CO2a = Ambient CO2 concentration, taken to be 400 ppm by volume if not determined during the test

d) Calculate the mass of hydrocarbons discharged through the VDU vent, in milligrams of hydrocarbons per litre
(mg/L) of gasoline loaded into cargo tanks.

W = K x V0 x HC0 /(G x 102)

where:

W = Mass of hydrocarbon discharged through the VDU vent, per volume of gasoline loaded into cargo tanks, in mg/L

K = 1.83 × 106 mg/scm, density of propane at 15 °C

V0 = Volume of exhaust gas from VDU, according to 7.1.4.4 c), scm

HC0 = Average VDU outlet gas hydrocarbon concentration, % by volume

G = Total quantity of gasoline loaded into cargo tanks, L (see Note 3 below)

Note 1: One standard cubic metre (1 scm) is equivalent to 1000 L at 15 °C and 1 atm.

Note 2: Vm may be equated to the volume of products loaded onto tank cars, provided tank car and VDU connections are
annually verified as vapour tight.

Note 3: The operator has the option to calculate G on the basis of the volume of gasoline loaded plus the diesel fuel switch
loaded.

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7.2 Cargo tank

The following test procedure is for determining the vapour tightness of cargo tanks equipped with vapour recovery
systems. The overall performance of vapour recovery and vapour-balancing equipment throughout the distribution
system relies on vapour tightness of cargo tanks. Cargo tanks are under slight pressure when loading and under
slight vacuum when unloading. The leakage that can occur during loading or unloading will decrease the system
efficiency. See figure 14 for some typical leak sources on cargo tanks.

7.2.1 Principle

Following purging to remove gasoline vapours, the cargo tank is pressurized with air or an inert gas to +4.5 kPa
(+18 in. of water), isolated from the pressure source and the pressure drop recorded to determine the rate of
pressure change (see 7.2.4.1). A vacuum test is also to be conducted (see 7.2.4.2). The test equipment shall
incorporate PV type vents or functionally equivalent provisions to prevent over or under pressurizing the cargo tank.

7.2.2 Test conditions

The cargo tank shall be tested in a location where it is protected from direct sunlight to minimize interference from
thermal effects. Testing of the entire cargo tank includes domes, dome vents, tank compartments, piping, hoses,
hose connections, etc.

7.2.3 Test equipment

a) Source of air or inert gas of sufficient quantity to pressurize a cargo tank to +5 kPa (+20 in. of water) gauge
pressure, with associated hoses and fittings.

b) Source of vacuum sufficient to depressurize a cargo tank to -2.5 kPa (-10 in. of water) gauge pressure, with
associated hoses and fittings.

c) Liquid manometer or equivalent capable of measuring +5 kPa (+20 in. of water) with a precision of ±0.025 kPa
(±0.1 in. of water).

d) Low-pressure regulator for controlling pressurization of tank.

e) Test cap for the vapour line with a shutoff valve for connection to the pressure and vacuum supply hoses. The
test cap is to be equipped with a tap for connecting the pressure-sensing device.

f) Caps for the liquid delivery line.

g) In-line, pressure-vacuum relief valve(s) set to activate at +6.8 kPa (+27 in. of water) and -2.5 kPa (-10 in. of
water), with a capacity equal to the pressurizing or evacuating pumps.

h) Vacuum gauge with range to -2.5 kPa (-10 in. of water) and accuracy to ±0.025 kPa (±0.1 in. of water).

7.2.4 Procedures

7.2.4.1 Pressure test

See figure 15 for typical pressure test connections.

a) Purge the cargo tanks of gasoline vapour and test empty. The cargo tank may be purged by any safe method
not in violation of other regulations. An example of such safe methods is the delivering of one complete load of
diesel fuel or heating oil.

Note: Purging gasoline vapours ensures that the vapour space is below the lower explosive limit (LEL) and that ambient
conditions that would otherwise cause condensation of vapours or evaporation of liquid will not affect the results of the test.

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b) Ensure the cargo tank is electrically bonded and grounded.

c) Open and close the dome covers.

d) Cap the liquid delivery fittings. Attach the test cap to the vapour recovery line.

Note: The operator has the option to do the pressure test with the vapour hose connected.

e) Connect the test equipment to the cargo tank.

f) For multi-compartmented cargo tanks equipped with a common vapour manifold, open all vent valves for the
test.

g) Apply air or inert gas pressure slowly, pressurize the cargo tank, or alternatively, the first compartment, to +4.5 kPa
(+18 in. of water).

h) Close the shutoff valve and allow the pressure in the cargo tank to stabilize. Record the start time and initial
pressure.

i) At the end of 5 minutes, record the final time and pressure.

j) Repeat for each compartment, if they are not manifolded to the same vapour header.

k) Disconnect pressure source and release pressure from cargo tank.

7.2.4.2 Vacuum test

a) Connect vacuum source to the cargo tank.

b) Slowly evacuate the cargo tank, or alternatively, the first compartment, to -1.5 kPa (-6 in. of water).

c) Close the shutoff valve and allow the vacuum (negative pressure) to stabilize. Record the initial vacuum
(negative pressure) and time.

d) At the end of 5 minutes, record the final vacuum (negative pressure) and time.

e) Repeat for each compartment of a cargo tank not manifolded to the same vapour header.

f) Disconnect vacuum source and allow cargo tank to return to atmospheric pressure.

7.2.4.3 Test results

Compare the results from the pressure and vacuum tests with the criteria in 5.3.1. The operator shall keep records
of test results on file for one year.

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Figure 1 – Gasoline distribution network with vapour control systems (VCS)

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Figure 2 (typical) – Coaxial vapour control system

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Figure 3 (typical) – Dual point vapour control system

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Figure 4 (typical) – Cargo tank bottom loading

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Figure 5 (typical) – Vapour recovery with product drop tube cargo tank top loading

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Figure 6 (typical) – Vapour recovery with top tight fill cargo tank top loading

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Figure 7 (typical) – Terminal vapour control connections

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Figure 8 (typical) – Bulk plant vapour control connections

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Figure 9 (typical) – Cargo tank vapour control system

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Figure 10 (typical) – Dual point vapour balance connections

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Figure 11 (typical) – Coaxial vapour balance connections

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Figure 12 (typical) – VRU test method connections

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Figure 13 (typical) – VDU sampling diagram

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Figure 14 (typical) – Vapour leakage points on a tank truck compartment (bottom loading only)

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Figure 15 (typical) – Cargo tank truck testing connections

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Annex A
(informative)

Provincial acts and regulations applicable to vapour control systems in

gasoline distribution networks4

Provincial regulations

A.1 British Columbia

A.1.1 Requirements for gasoline vapour control

Requirements for Gasoline Vapour Control are controlled under the latest version of the Gasoline Vapour Control
Regulation (B.C. Reg. 226/95).5

A.1.2 General requirements

Requirements to limit emissions due to gasoline distribution in the Greater Vancouver Regional District are controlled
under the latest version of the Gasoline Distribution Emission Regulation Bylaw No. 1085, 20086.

A.2 Ontario

A.2.1 Requirements for recovery of gasoline vapour

Requirements for recovery of gasoline vapour in bulk transfers is controlled under the latest version of Recovery of
Gasoline Vapour in Bulk Transfers (O. Reg. 455/94).7

A.3 Quebec

A.3.1 General requirements

Communauté Métropolitaine de Montréal (CMM), Règlement numéro 2001-10 sur les rejets à l’atmosphère et sur
la délégation de son application, Codification administrative, Dernière mise à jour : 29 novembre 2022, Articles 6.14
to 6.21.

A.4 Newfoundland and Labrador

A.4.1 General requirements

Environmental Protection Act, Air Pollution Control Regulations, 2022, Newfoundland and Labrador Regulation 11/228.

4
The regulations listed are subject to revision by the relevant authority. The user should consult the relevant authority to confirm
the current regulations. The information provided about the regulations is for information only. In case of conflict, the text of the
regulation takes precedence. If any of the Web sites referenced become inoperative, regulations can also be found at the Web
site: www.canlii.org.
5
Available from the Government of British Columbia at www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca.
6
Available from Metro Vancouver Web site at http://www.metrovancouver.org/boards/Bylaws1/GVRD_Bylaw_1085.pdf.
7
Available from the Ontario e-Laws Ontario Statutes and Regulations Web site at http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca.
8
Available from the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador https://assembly.nl.ca/Legislation/sr/regulations/rc220011.htm.

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Bibliography

[1] Canadian General Standards Board. CAN/CGSB-3.5, Automotive Gasoline. Available at: https://www.tpsgc-
pwgsc.gc.ca/ongc-cgsb/publications/catalogue/index-eng.html.

[2] Canadian General Standards Board. CAN/CGSB-3.511, Oxygenated automotive gasoline containing ethanol
(E1-E10 and E11-E15). Available at: https://www.tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca/ongc-cgsb/publications/catalogue/index-
eng.html.

[3] Canadian General Standards Board. CAN/CGSB-3.512, Automotive ethanol fuel (E50-E85 and E20-E25)).
Available at: https://www.tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca/ongc-cgsb/publications/catalogue/index-eng.html.

[4] Truck Trailer Manufacturers Association (TTMA). Recommended Practices and Technical Bulletins. Available
at: https://www.trucktrailer.org/store/ListProducts.aspx?catid=381547.

[5] U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Code of Federal Regulations (CFR): Title 40: Protection of the
Environment — Part 60: Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/
laws-regulations/regulations#cfr.

Appendix A-4: Method 10 — Determination of Carbon Monoxide Emissions From Stationary Sources

Appendix A-7:

Method 25 — Determination of Total Gaseous Non-Methane Organic Emissions as Carbon

Method 25A — Determination of Total Gaseous Organic Concentration Using a Flame Ionization Detector

Method 25B — Determination of Total Gaseous Organic Concentration Using a Non-dispersive Infrared
Analyser

Appendix A-8: Method 27— Determination of Vapour Tightness of Gasoline Delivery Tank Using Pressure-Vacuum
Test.

[6] American Petroleum Institute (API). Recommended Practice (RP) 2003: Protection Against Ignitions Arising
Out of Static, Lightning, and Stray Currents. Available at: https://publications.api.org/.

[7] Environment and Climate Change Canada (2023) Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators:
Greenhouse gas concentrations. Consulted on October 31, 2023. Available at: https://www.canada.ca/en/
environment-climate-change/services/environmental-indicators/greenhouse-gas-concentrations.html.

[8] California Air Resources Board (CARB). CP-201 – Certification Procedure for Vapor Recovery Systems at
Dispensing Facilities; CP-202 – Certification Procedure for Vapor Recovery Systems of Bulk Plants; CP-204
– Certification Procedure for Vapor Recovery Systems of Cargo Tanks; D-200 – Definitions for Vapor
Recovery. Available at: http://www.arb.ca.gov.

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