Front-End Development: Essentials for Recruiters

1. Core Technologies

Versions (2019–
Technology Key Skills & Concepts Description & Examples
2025)

Use tags like <header>, <article>,

- Semantic Tags - Forms & Input
<footer> for layout. Use <input>, HTML5 (still
HTML Types - Media Elements -
<select> for form elements. Embed latest) ARIA 1.3
Accessibility (ARIA)
media with <img>, <video>.

- Selectors & Specificity - Box Style via class, ID, pseudo-selectors.

CSS3 (modular
CSS Model - Responsive Design - Understand layout using margin,
updates)
Flexbox & Grid padding, and media queries.

- Variables, Functions, Scope - DOM = Interface to interact with HTML ES6 (2015) ES11
DOM (Document Object Model) - structure. Use let/const, arrow (2020) ES14
JavaScript
Events - ES6+ Features - functions. Event listeners: onclick, (2023) DOM Level
Debugging Tools onchange. 4

2. Front-End Frameworks

Framework Description Key Concepts Versions (2019–2025)

- JSX Syntax: Combines HTML + JS const

Component-based React 16 (2019) React 17
Hello = () => <h1>Hello</h1> - Hooks:
React library from (2020) React 18 (2022) React
useState, useEffect - Props & State -
Facebook 19 (2024)
React Router

Full-fledged Angular 8 (2019) Angular 10

- Components: UI + logic - Two-way Data
framework by (2020) Angular 12 (2021)
Angular Binding - Dependency Injection -
Google using Angular 14 (2022) Angular 15
Directives: *ngIf, *ngFor
TypeScript (2023) Angular 16 (2024)

- Templates and Components - Vue

Progressive Vue 2 (till 2020) Vue 3 (2020–
Vue.js Router - Vuex for state mgmt -
framework for UI present)
Directives: v-for, v-if, v-bind

3. Summary for Recruiters

• HTML, CSS, JS: Fundamental skills. Ask about responsive layouts, DOM understanding, and
event handling.
 • React: Most popular. Ask about JSX, Hooks, Components, and Router usage.

• Angular: Used in large-scale applications. Look for understanding of TypeScript, DI, and
Directives.

• Vue: Simple and modern framework. Look for use of Templates, Vue Router, and Vuex.

Additional Quick Pointers

• JSX (React): JavaScript + HTML. Used to write UI code in JS files.

• DOM (JavaScript): Document Object Model. Allows programmatic interaction with HTML
elements.

• React Components: Functions that return UI; reusable and state-aware.

Here is the combined and simplified explanation of Back-End Development, including what backend
is, where and how it is used, plus the detailed tables and concepts from before — all formatted for
easy copy-pasting into Word:

Back-End Development: Essentials for Recruiters

What is Back-End Development?

Back-end development means working on the server side of web applications. It involves managing
databases, servers, and application logic that runs behind the scenes. The back end processes user
requests, handles data, and sends the correct responses to the front end (what users see).

Where is Back-End Used?

• Web applications (e.g., e-commerce sites, social media platforms)

• Mobile app servers (APIs that mobile apps call)

• Enterprise software (HR systems, banking apps)

• Cloud services and microservices

How is Back-End Used?

• Users send requests from the front end (e.g., filling a form)

• The backend server processes the request (like saving data)

• It interacts with a database to store or retrieve information

• Sends back the required data or confirmation to the front end

Example:
When you log in to a website, your username and password are sent to the backend, which checks if
they are correct by querying the database. If correct, it sends back a success response.

1. Core Technologies

Technology Key Skills & Concepts Description & Examples Versions (2019–2025)

Node 12 (2019) Node

JavaScript runtime for backend.
- Event-driven I/O - Async 14 (2020) Node 16
Used for APIs and microservices.
Node.js Programming - Express.js (2021) Node 18
Example: res.send("Hello from
Framework (2022) Node 20
server")
(2023)

- Flask/Django
Used for fast prototyping and APIs.
Frameworks - REST APIs - Python 3.7–3.12
Python Example: @app.route('/home') Lists,
Exception Handling - Data (2019–2024)
Dictionaries, Tuples
Structures

- Spring Boot Framework - Common in enterprise apps. Java 11 (2019) Java

Java OOP Concepts - RESTful Example: @RestController, 17 LTS (2021) Java 21
Services - Multithreading @GetMapping LTS (2023)

- Laravel Framework -
MVC Architecture - Form Popular for web apps and CMS. PHP 7.3–8.3 (2019–
PHP
Handling - MySQL Example: Route::get('/home') 2024)
Integration

2. Back-End Frameworks

Versions (2019–
Framework Description Key Concepts
2025)

Lightweight Node.js - Routing - Middleware - REST API - req,

Express.js v4.x
framework res objects

Python full-stack - ORM (models) - Templates - Admin Panel v2.2 (2019) v4.2
Django
framework - Security (2023)

Python micro- - Routing - Blueprints - Jinja Templating - v1.1 (2019) v2.3

Flask
framework APIs (2024)

Spring Java enterprise - REST Controller - Dependency Injection - v2.2–3.2 (2019–

Boot framework Spring Data JPA 2024)
3. Key Database Technologies

Database Type Skills Examples Versions

MySQL Relational DDL, DML, Joins SELECT * FROM users; MySQL 8.x

PostgreSQL Relational Transactions, JSON SELECT * FROM employees; v12–15

MongoDB NoSQL Document Queries db.users.find({ age: { $gt: 25 } }) v4–7

4. Essential Concepts

Concept Explanation

Standard way for front end to communicate with backend via

REST API
URLs.

CRUD Operations Create, Read, Update, Delete data in DB or API.

ORM (Object-Relational
Tool to connect code with database tables easily.
Mapping)

Authentication & Authorization User login systems using tokens or sessions.

Summary for Recruiters

• Back-end development is critical for handling data and application logic.

• Common languages: JavaScript (Node.js), Python, Java, PHP.

• Frameworks simplify development (Express.js, Django, Spring Boot, Laravel).

• Database knowledge important for data storage and queries.

• Ask candidates about REST APIs, CRUD operations, authentication, and ORM usage.