NEAR ITPB, CHANNASANDRA, BENGALURU – 560 067

Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi

Approved by AICTE, New Delhi
Recognized by UGC under 2(f) &12(B)
Accredited by NBA & NAAC

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

II SEMESTER
INTRODUCTION TO C++ PROGRAMMING LAB MANUAL
MVJ22PLCK25D/MVJ22ETCK25D
ACADEMIC YEAR 2024 – 2025 [EVEN]

LABORATORY MANUAL
NAME OF THE STUDENT :

BRANCH :

UNIVERSITY SEAT NO. :

SEMESTER & SECTION :

BATCH :

1
Introduction to C++ programmng [MVJ22PLCK25D/MVJ22ETCK25D]

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

VISION:

To create an ambience in excellence and provide innovative emerging programs in Computer Science and
Engineering and to bring out future ready engineers equipped with technical expertise and strong ethical
values.

MISSION:

1. Concepts of computing discipline: To educate students at under graduate, postgraduate and

doctoral levels in the fundamental and advanced concepts of computing discipline.

2. Quality Research: To provide strong theoretical and practical background across the Computer
Science and Engineering discipline with the emphasis on computing technologies, quality research,
consultancy and training's.

3. Continuous Teaching Learning: To promote a teaching learning process that brings

advancements in Computer Science and Engineering discipline leading to new technologies and
products.

4. Social Responsibility and Ethical Values: To inculcate professional behavior, innovative research
Capabilities, leadership abilities and strong ethical values in the young minds so as to work with the
commitment for the betterment of the society.

Programme Educational Objectives (PEOs):

PEO01: Current Industry Practices: Graduates will analyze real world problems and give
solution using current industry practices in computing technology.

PEO02: Research & Higher Studies: Graduates with strong foundation in mathematics and
engineering fundamentals will pursue higher learning, R&D activities and consultancy.

PEO03: Social Responsibility: Graduates will be professionals with ethics, who will provide
industry growth and social transformation as responsible citizens.

Department of CSE, MVJCE 1

Introduction to C++ programmng [MVJ22PLCK25D/MVJ22ETCK25D]

Programme Outcomes (POs):

1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals,

and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering problems.

2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, research literature, and analyze complex engineering
problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural sciences,
and engineering sciences.

3. Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems and design
system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate consideration for the
public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental considerations.

4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and research

methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of the
information to provide valid conclusions.

5. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern
engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex engineering activities with
an understanding of the limitations.

6. The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess
societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to the
professional engineering practice.

7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering solutions
in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need for sustainable
development.

8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of
the engineering practice.

9. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader in
diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.

10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the engineering
community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and write effective reports
and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.

11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the engineering
and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and leader in a team, to
manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.

12. Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in
independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.

Department of CSE, MVJCE 2

Introduction to C++ programmng [MVJ22PLCK25D/MVJ22ETCK25D]

Program Specific Outcome:

PSO1 : Programming: Ability to understand, analyze and develop computer programs in the areas
related to algorithms, system software, multimedia, web design, DBMS, and networking for
efficient design of computer-based systems of varying complexity.

PSO2: Practical Solution: Ability to practically provide solutions for real world problems with a
broad range of programming language and open source platforms in various computing domains.

Course objectives:

• Understanding about object oriented programming and Gain knowledge about the capability to store
information together in an object.
• Understand the capability of a class to rely upon another class and functions.
• Understand about constructors which are special type of functions.
• Create and process data in files using file I/Ofunctions.
• Use the generic programming features of C++ including Exception handling

Course outcomes:

At the end of the course the student will be able to:

1. Able to understand and design the solution to a problem using object-oriented programming concepts.
2. Able to reuse the code with extensible class types, user-defined operators, and function overloading.
3. Achieve code reusability and extensibility by means of inheritance and polymorphism.
4. Implement the features of C++ including templates, exceptions, and file handling for providing
programmed solutions to complex problems
5. Demonstrate and present the development of program, its execution and running time(s) and
record the results/inferences.

Prerequisites: Basic programming Languages like C

Department of CSE, MVJCE 3

Introduction to C++ programmng [MVJ22PLCK25D/MVJ22ETCK25D]

CONTENTS
Laboratory Experiment Revised Bloom's
Taxonomy
Levels (RBT
Level)
1. Write a C++ program to sort the elements in ascending and descending order. L3
2. Write a C++ program to find the sum of all the natural numbers from 1 to n. L3

3. Write a C++ program to swap 2 values by writing a function that uses call by L3
reference technique.

Write a C++ program to demonstrate function overloading for the following L3

4. prototypes.
add(int a, int b)
add( double a, double b)

5. Create a class named Shape with a function that prints "This is a shape". L3
Create another class named Polygon inheriting the Shape class with the same
function that prints "Polygon is a shape". Create two other classes named
Rectangle and Triangle having the same function which prints "Rectangle is a
polygon" and "Triangle is a polygon" respectively. Again, make another class
named Square having the same function which prints "Square is a
rectangle".Now, try calling the function by the object of each of these classes.

6. Suppose we have three classes Vehicle, FourWheeler, and Car. The class L3
Vehicle is the base class, the class FourWheeler is derived from it and the class
Car is derived from the class FourWheeler. Class Vehicle has a method
'vehicle' that prints 'I am a vehicle', class FourWheeler has a method
'fourWheeler' that prints 'I have four wheels', and class Car has a method 'car'
that prints 'I am a car'. So, as this is a multi-level inheritance; we can have
access to all the other classes methods from the object of the class Car. We
invoke all the methods from a Car object and print the corresponding outputs
of the methods.
So, if we invoke the methods in this order, car(), fourWheeler(), and
vehicle(), then the output will be.
I am a car
I have four wheels
I am a vehicle
Write a C++ program to demonstrate multilevel inheritance using this.

Department of CSE, MVJCE 4

Introduction to C++ programmng [MVJ22PLCK25D/MVJ22ETCK25D]

7. Write a C++ program to create a text file, check file created or not, if created it L3
will write some text into the file and then read the text from the file.

8. Write a C++ program to write and read time in/from binary file using fstream L3

9. Write a function which throws a division by zero exception and catch it in L3

catch block. Write a C++ program to demonstrate usage of try, catch and
throw to handle exception.

10. Write a C++ program function which handles array of bounds exception using L3
C++.

Department of CSE, MVJCE 5

Introduction to C++ programmng [MVJ22PLCK25D/MVJ22ETCK25D]

1. Design and Write a C++ program to sort the elements in ascending and descending order.

PROGRAM:
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

int main() {
vector<int> values;
int iNum, iElem,temp;

cout << "Enter the number of elements : " ;

cin >> iNum;

cout << "Enter " << iNum << " values :";
for(int i=0;i<iNum;i++)
{
cin >> iElem;
values.push_back(iElem);
}

cout << "Elements entered are :" ;

for(int i=0;i<iNum;i++)
{
cout << values[i] << " ";
}

cout << endl;

cout << "Sorting in ascending order" << endl;

for(int i=0;i<iNum;i++){
for(int j=0;j<iNum-i-1;j++){
if(values[j] > values[j+1]){
temp = values[j];
values[j] = values[j+1];
values[j+1] = temp;
}
}
}
for(int i=0;i<iNum;i++){
cout << values[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
cout << "Sorting in descending order" << endl;

Department of CSE, MVJCE 6

Introduction to C++ programmng [MVJ22PLCK25D/MVJ22ETCK25D]

for(int i=0;i<iNum;i++){
for(int j=0;j<iNum-i-1;j++){
if(values[j] < values[j+1]){
temp = values[j];
values[j] = values[j+1];
values[j+1] = temp;
}
}
}
for(int i=0;i<iNum;i++){
cout << values[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
return 0;
}

Output:
Enter the number of elements : 5
Enter 5 values :5 3 4 1 2
Elements entered are :5 3 4 1 2
Sorting in ascending order
12345
Sorting in descending order
54321

2. Write a C++ program to find the sum of all the natural numbers from 1 to n.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int iNum, iSum = 0;
cout << "Enter the value of n: ";
cin >> iNum;
if (iNum < 1) {
cout << "Please enter a positive integer." << endl;
return 1; // Exit with error

Department of CSE, MVJCE 7

Introduction to C++ programmng [MVJ22PLCK25D/MVJ22ETCK25D]

}
for (int i = 1; i <= iNum; i++) {
iSum += i;
}
cout << "Sum of 1 to " << iNum << " is: " << iSum << endl;
cout << "Sum of 1 to " << iNum << " using formula is: " << iNum * (iNum + 1) / 2 << endl;

return 0;
}
OUTPUT :
Enter the value of n : 5
Sum of 1 to 5 is : 15
Sum of 1 to 5 using formula is : 15.

Department of CSE, MVJCE 8

Introduction to C++ programmng [MVJ22PLCK25D/MVJ22ETCK25D]

3. Write a C++ program to swap 2 values by writing a function that uses call by reference
technique.

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;

void fnSwap(int &, int &);

int main()
{
int iNum1, iNum2;
cout << "Enter the value of m and n : ";
cin >> iNum1 >> iNum2;
cout << "Values before Swapping m = " << iNum1 << " and n = " << iNum2 << endl;
fnSwap(iNum1, iNum2);
cout << "Values after Swapping m = " << iNum1 << " and n = " << iNum2 << endl;
return 0;
}

/***************************************************************************
* Function : fnSwap
* Input parameters : two parameters passed by reference
* RETURNS : nothing
***************************************************************************/
void fnSwap(int &p, int &q)
{
p = p ^ q;
q = p ^ q;
p = p ^ q;

OUTPUT :

Enter the value of m and n : 5 10

Values before Swapping m = 5 and n = 10
Values after Swapping m = 10 and n = 5

Department of CSE, MVJCE 9

Introduction to C++ programmng [MVJ22PLCK25D/MVJ22ETCK25D]

4. Write a C++ program to demonstrate function overloading for the following prototypes.
add(int a, int b) add(double a ,double b)

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

void add(int a, int b)

{
cout << "sum = " << (a + b);
}
void add(double a, double b)
{
cout << endl << "sum = " << (a + b);
}

// Driver code
int main() {
add(10, 2); // Calls the integer version of add
add(5.3, 6.2); // Calls the double version of add
return 0;
}

OUTPUT:

sum = 12
sum = 11.5

Department of CSE, MVJCE 10

Introduction to C++ programmng [MVJ22PLCK25D/MVJ22ETCK25D]

5. Create a class named Shape with a function that prints "This is a shape". Create another class
named Polygon inheriting the Shape class with the same function that prints "Polygon is a
shape". Create two other classes named Rectangle and Triangle having the same function
which prints "Rectangle is a polygon" and "Triangle is a polygon" respectively. Again, make
another class named Square having the same function which prints "Square is a rectangle".
Now, try calling the function by the object of each of these classes.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Shape {
public:
Shape() {}
virtual void print() {
cout << "\nThis is a shape.";
}
};

class Polygon : public Shape {

public:
Polygon() {}
void print() override {
cout << "\nPolygon is a shape.";
}
};

class Rectangle : public Polygon {

public:
Rectangle() {}
void print() override {
cout << "\nRectangle is a Polygon.";
}
};

class Triangle : public Polygon {

public:
Triangle() {}
void print() override {
cout << "\nTriangle is a Polygon.";
}
};

class Square : public Rectangle {

public:
Square() {}
void print() override {
cout << "\nSquare is a Rectangle.";
}
};

Department of CSE, MVJCE 11

Introduction to C++ programmng [MVJ22PLCK25D/MVJ22ETCK25D]

int main() {
Shape S;
Polygon P;
Rectangle R;
Triangle T;
Square Sq;

S.print(); // Calls Shape's print

P.print(); // Calls Polygon's print
R.print(); // Calls Rectangle's print
T.print(); // Calls Triangle's print
Sq.print(); // Calls Square's print

return 0;
}

OUTPUT:

This is a shape.
Polygon is a shape.
Rectangle is a Polygon.
Triangle is a Polygon.
Square is a Rectangle.

Department of CSE, MVJCE 12

Introduction to C++ programmng [MVJ22PLCK25D/MVJ22ETCK25D]

6. Suppose we have three classes Vehicle, FourWheeler, and Car. The class Vehicle is the base
class, the class FourWheeler is derived from it and the class Car is derived from the class
FourWheeler. Class Vehicle has a method ’vehicle’ that prints ’I am a vehicle’, class
FourWheeler has a method ’fourWheeler’ that prints ’I have four wheels’, and class Car has a
method ’car’ that prints ’Iam a car’. So, as this is a multi-level inheritance; we can have access
to all the other classes methods from the object of the class Car. We invoke all the methods
from a Car object and print the corresponding outputs of the methods. So, if we invoke the
methods in this order, car(), four- Wheeler(), and vehicle(), then the output will be

I am a car

I have four wheels I am a vehicle

Write a C++ program to demonstrate multilevel inheritance using this.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Vehicle {
public:
void vehicle();
};

void Vehicle::vehicle() {
cout << "I am a vehicle" << endl;
}

class FourWheeler : public Vehicle {

public:
void fourWheeler();
};

void FourWheeler::fourWheeler() {
cout << "I have four wheels" << endl;
}

class Car : public FourWheeler {

public:
void car();
};

void Car::car() {
cout << "I am a car" << endl;
}

int main() {
Car myCar;

Department of CSE, MVJCE 13

Introduction to C++ programmng [MVJ22PLCK25D/MVJ22ETCK25D]

myCar.car(); // Calls Car's method

myCar.fourWheeler(); // Calls FourWheeler's method
myCar.vehicle(); // Calls Vehicle's method

return 0;
}
OUTPUT :

I am a car
I have four wheels
I am a vehicle

Department of CSE, MVJCE 14

Introduction to C++ programmng [MVJ22PLCK25D/MVJ22ETCK25D]

7. Write a C++ program to create a text file, check file created or not, if created it will write
some text into the file and then read the text from the file.

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
string flName;
char mesg[40], ch;

// Asking user for the file name

cout << "Enter the file name you want to create: ";
cin >> flName;
cin.get(); // To consume the trailing newline character after filename input

// Creating and opening the file

ofstream fout(flName.c_str());

// Checking if file was created successfully

if (fout.fail())
{
cout << "\nFailed to create file." << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "\nFile " << flName << " created successfully." << endl;

// Writing a message to the file

cout << "Enter a message: ";
cin.getline(mesg, 40);
fout << mesg << endl;
cout << "\nMessage written to file successfully." << endl;

// Closing the output file

fout.close();
}

// Reading the content from the file

ifstream fin(flName.c_str());
cout << "Here are the contents of " << flName << ":\n";

// Reading and displaying the file content

while (fin.get(ch))
{
cout << ch;
}

Department of CSE, MVJCE 15

Introduction to C++ programmng [MVJ22PLCK25D/MVJ22ETCK25D]

cout << "\nDone reading file contents." << endl;

fin.close();
return 0;
}

OUTPUT:

File random.txt created successfully.

Enter a message: The universe is vast and endless

Message written to file successfully.

Here are the contents of random.txt:
The universe is vast and endless
Done reading file contents.

Department of CSE, MVJCE 16

Introduction to C++ programmng [MVJ22PLCK25D/MVJ22ETCK25D]

8. Write a C++ program to write and read time in/from binary file using fstream

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;

class timeVal {
int hh, mm, ss;
char ampm[3];

public:
void setdata(int h, int m, int s, const char* half) {
hh = h;
mm = m;
ss = s;
strcpy(ampm, half);
}

void showdata() {
cout << "\nThe Time is: ";
cout << setfill('0') << setw(2) << hh << ":";
cout << setfill('0') << setw(2) << mm << ":";
cout << setfill('0') << setw(2) << ss << " ";
cout << ampm << endl << endl;
}
};

int main() {
timeVal writeObj, readObj;
int hh, mm, ss;
char ampm[3];

// Input time details

cout << "Enter Hours: ";
cin >> hh;
cout << "Enter Minutes: ";
cin >> mm;
cout << "Enter Seconds: ";
cin >> ss;
cout << "Enter am or pm: ";
cin >> ampm;

writeObj.setdata(hh, mm, ss, ampm);

Department of CSE, MVJCE 17

Introduction to C++ programmng [MVJ22PLCK25D/MVJ22ETCK25D]

// Writing to binary file

ofstream outFile("TimeFile", ios::out | ios::binary);
if (!outFile) {
cout << "Cannot open file.\n";
return 1;
}

outFile.write((char*)&writeObj, sizeof(timeVal));
cout << "\nWritten the time object successfully to binary file" << endl;
outFile.close();

// Reading from binary file

ifstream inFile("TimeFile", ios::in | ios::binary);
if (!inFile) {
cout << "Cannot open file.\n";
return 1;
}

inFile.read((char*)&readObj, sizeof(timeVal));
cout << "\nRead the time object successfully from binary file" << endl;
readObj.showdata();
inFile.close();

return 0;
}
OUTPUT :

Enter Hours: 6
Enter Minutes: 35
Enter Seconds: 6
Enter am or pm: am

Written the time object successfully to binary file

Read the time object successfully from binary file

The Time is: 06:35:06 am

Department of CSE, MVJCE 18

Introduction to C++ programmng [MVJ22PLCK25D/MVJ22ETCK25D]

9. Write a function which throws a division by zero exception and catch it in catch block. Write a
C++ program to demonstrate usage of try, catch and throw to handle exception.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
int a, b, c;
float d;

// Input values
cout << "Enter the value of a: ";
cin >> a;
cout << "Enter the value of b: ";
cin >> b;
cout << "Enter the value of c: ";
cin >> c;

try {
if ((a - b) != 0)
{
d = c / (a - b);
cout << "Result is: " << d << endl;
}else{
// Throw an exception if division by zero is about to occur
throw "Division by zero error!";
}
} catch (const char* msg) {
cout << "Error: " << msg << endl;
}
return 0;
}
OUTPUT:

Enter the value of a: 20

Enter the value of b: 20
Enter the value of c: 40
Error: Division by zero error!
**************************
Enter the value of a: 10
Enter the value of b: 5
Enter the value of c: 20
Result is: 4

Department of CSE, MVJCE 19

Introduction to C++ programmng [MVJ22PLCK25D/MVJ22ETCK25D]

10. Write a C++ program function which handles array of bounds exception using C++.

#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
using namespace std;

int getValueAtIndex(int arr[], int index, int size)

{
if (index < 0 || index >= size)
{
throw out_of_range("Index out of bounds");
}
return arr[index];
}
int main()
{
int arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
int size = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
int index;
cout << "Enter an index to access the array: ";
cin >> index;
try
{
int value = getValueAtIndex(arr, index, size);
cout << "Value at index " << index << " is: " << value << endl;
}
catch (const out_of_range& e)
{
cout << "Exception caught: " << e.what() << endl;
}
return 0;
}

OUTPUT :

Enter an index to access the array: 2

Value at index 2 is: 3

**********************************************************
Enter an index to access the array: 5
Exception caught: Index out of bounds

Department of CSE, MVJCE 20

Introduction to C++ programmng [MVJ22PLCK25D/MVJ22ETCK25D]

VIVA QUESTIONS

General Questions:

1. What are the fundamental data types in C++?

2. Explain the difference between int, float, and double.

3. What is the purpose of the const keyword?

4. What is a pointer, and how do you declare one?

5. What is the difference between a pointer and a reference?
6. Explain the concept of dynamic memory allocation.
7. What is the difference between malloc()/free() and new/delete?

8. What is a class in C++?

9. What is an object?
10. What are access specifiers in C++ (public, private, protected)?
11. What is a constructor, and what is its purpose?
12. What is a destructor, and when is it called?
13. What is function overloading?
14. What is operator overloading?
15. Explain the concept of inheritance.
16. What are the different types of inheritance?
17. What is polymorphism?
18. What is the difference between compile-time and run-time polymorphism?
19. What are virtual functions?
20. What is an abstract class?
21. What is a pure virtual function?
22. What are templates in C++?
23. What is the Standard Template Library (STL)?
24. Name some common STL containers.
25. What are iterators in STL?
26. What is exception handling?

Department of CSE, MVJCE 21

Introduction to C++ programmng [MVJ22PLCK25D/MVJ22ETCK25D]

27. What are the try, catch, and throw keywords?

28. What are namespaces, and why are they used?

29. Explain the concept of pass by value and pass by reference.
30. What is the purpose of the static keyword in C++?

31. What is the difference between #include <iostream> and #include "myheader.h"

32. Explain the purpose of the inline keyword.

33. What is a friend function or friend class?

34. What are lambda expressions in C++?
35. What are smart pointers, and why are they used?
36. Explain the concept of RAII (Resource Acquisition Is Initialization).
37. What is the difference between a shallow copy and a deep copy?
38. What are move semantics, and when are they used?
39. What are rvalue references?
40. Explain how memory is managed in C++ (stack vs. heap).

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

Do’s

1. Do wear ID card and follow dress code.

2. Be on time to Lab sessions.
3. Do log off the computers when you finish.
4. Do ask the staff for assistance if you need help.
5. Do keep your voice low when speaking to others in the LAB.
6. Do ask for assistance in downloading any software.
7. Do make suggestions as to how we can improve the LAB.
8. In case of any hardware related problem, ask LAB in charge for solution.
9. If you are the last one leaving the LAB , make sure that the staff in charge of the LAB is
informed to close the LAB.
10. Be on time to LAB sessions.
11. Do keep the LAB as clean as possible.

Department of CSE, MVJCE 22

Introduction to C++ programmng [MVJ22PLCK25D/MVJ22ETCK25D]

Don’ts

1. Do not use mobile phone inside the lab.

2. Don’t do anything that can make the LAB dirty (like eating, throwing waste papers etc).
3. Do not carry any external devices without permission.
4. Don’t move the chairs of the LAB.
5. Don’t interchange any part of one computer with another.
6. Don’t leave the computers of the LAB turned on while leaving the LAB.
7. Do not install or download any software or modify or delete any system files on any lab
computers.
8. Do not damage, remove, or disconnect any labels, parts, cables, or equipment.
9. Don’t attempt to bypass the computer security system.
10. Do not read or modify other user’s file.
11. If you leave the lab, do not leave your personal belongings unattended. We are not responsible for
any theft.

Department of CSE, MVJCE 23