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Lesson 1 Blinking LED

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform designed for creating interactive projects using hardware and software. This document provides an overview of Arduino, including the necessary components for a simple project, such as blinking an LED, and details the programming environment and basic functions required to control the hardware. The tutorial outlines the setup, circuit building, and programming steps to achieve the LED blinking effect using an Arduino UNO.

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Sophia Gonzales
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20 views6 pages

Lesson 1 Blinking LED

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform designed for creating interactive projects using hardware and software. This document provides an overview of Arduino, including the necessary components for a simple project, such as blinking an LED, and details the programming environment and basic functions required to control the hardware. The tutorial outlines the setup, circuit building, and programming steps to achieve the LED blinking effect using an Arduino UNO.

Uploaded by

Sophia Gonzales
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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About Arduino

What is Arduino?

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use


hardware and software. It's intended for anyone making interactive projects.

ARDUINO BOARD

Arduino senses the environment by receiving inputs from many sensors, and
affects its surroundings by controlling lights, motors, and other actuators.

ARDUINO SOFTWARE

You can tell your Arduino what to do by writing code in the Arduino
programming language and using the Arduino development environment.

Before the development of Arduino program, the first thing you have to do is to
install Arduino IDE software. The software provides you with the basic
development environment that is required for developing Arduino program.
You need the following URL to download Arduino IDE:
http://www.arduino.cc /en/Main/Software

For different operating system platforms, the way of using Arduino IDE is
different. Please refer to the following links:
Windows User：http://www.arduino.cc /en/Guide/Windows
Mac OS X User：http://www.arduino.cc /en/Guide/MacOSX
Linux User：http://playground.arduino.cc /Learning/Linux

For more detailed information about Arduino IDE, please refer to the following
link:
http://www.arduino.cc /en/Guide/HomePage

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Lesson 1 Blinking LED
Overview

In this tutorial, we will start the journey of learning Arduino UNO. In the first
lesson, we will learn how to make a LED blinking.

Requirement

- 1* Arduino UNO
- 1* USB Cable
- 1* 220Ω Resistor
- 1* LED
- 1* Breadboard
- 2* Jumper Wires

Principle

In this lesson, we will program the Arduino's GPIO output high(+5V) and low
level(0V), and then make the LED which is connected to the Arduino’s GPIO
flicker with a certain frequency.
1. What is the LED?

The LED is the abbreviation of light emitting diode. It is usually made of


gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide semiconductor materials. The LED has
two electrodes, a positive electrode and a negative electrode, it will light only
when a forward current passes, and it can be red, blue, green or yellow light,
etc. The color of light depends on the materials it was made.

In general, the drive current for LED is 5-20mA. Therefore, in reality it usually
needs an extra resistor for current limitation so as to protect the LED.

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2. What is the resistor?

The main function of the resistor is to limit current. In the circuit, the character
‘R’ represents resistor, and the unit of resistor is ohm(Ω).

The band resistor is used in this experiment. A band resistor is one whose
surface is coated with some particular color through which the resistance can
be identified directly.

There are two methods for connecting LED to Arduino’s GPIO:

As shown in the schematic diagram above, the anode of LED is connected to


Arduino’s GPIO via a resistor, and the cathode of LED is connected to the
ground(GND). When the GPIO output high level, the LED is on; when the GPIO
output low level, the LED is off.

The size of the current-limiting resistor is calculated as follows: 5~20mA


current is required to make an LED on, and the out put voltage of the Arduino
UNO’s GPIO is 5V, so we can get the resistance：

R = U / I = 5V / (5~20mA) = 250Ω~1KΩ

Since the LED has a certain resistance, thus we choose a 220ohm resistor.

As shown in the schematic diagram above, the anode of LED is connected to


VCC(+5V), and the cathode of LED is connected to the Arduino’s GPIO. When
the GPIO output low level, the LED is on; when the GPIO output high level, the
LED is off.

The experiment is based on method ①, we select Arduino's D8 pin to control


the LED. When the Arduino’s D8 pin is programmed to output high level, then
the LED will be on, next delay for the amount of time, and then programmed
the D8 pin to low level to make the LED off. Continue to perform the above
process, you can get a blinking LED.

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3. Key functions:

● setup()

The setup() function is called when a sketch starts. Use it to initialize variables,
pin modes, start using libraries, etc. The setup function will only run once,
after each powerup or reset of the Arduino board.

●loop()

After creating a setup() function, which initializes and sets the initial values,
the loop() function does precisely what its name suggests, and loops
consecutively, allowing your program to change and respond. Use it to actively
control the Arduino board.

●pinMode()

Configures the specified pin to behave either as an input or an output.

As of Arduino 1.0.1, it is possible to enable the internal pullup resistors with


the mode INPUT_PULLUP. Additionally, the INPUT mode explicitly disables the
internal pullups.

●digitalWrite()

Write a HIGH or a LOW value to a digital pin.

If the pin has been configured as an OUTPUT with pinMode(), its voltage will be
set to the corresponding value: 5V (or 3.3V on 3.3V boards) for HIGH, 0V
(ground) for LOW.

If the pin is configured as an INPUT, digitalWrite() will enable (HIGH) or disable


(LOW) the internal pullup on the input pin. It is recommended to set the
pinMode() to INPUT_PULLUP to enable the internal pull-up resistor.

●delay()

Pauses the program for the amount of time (in miliseconds) specified as
parameter. (There are 1000 milliseconds in a second.)

Procedures

1. Build the circuit

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2. Program
/***********************************************************
File name: 01_blinkingLed.ino
Description: Lit LED, let LED blinks.
Website: www.adeept.com
E-mail: [email protected]
Author: Tom
Date: 2015/05/02
***********************************************************/
int ledPin=8; //definition digital 8 pins as pin to control the LED
void setup()
{
pinMode(ledPin,OUTPUT); //Set the digital 8 port mode, OUTPUT:
Output mode
}
void loop()
{
digitalWrite(ledPin,HIGH); //HIGH is set to about 5V PIN8
delay(1000); //Set the delay time, 1000 = 1S
digitalWrite(ledPin,LOW); //LOW is set to about 5V PIN8
delay(1000); //Set the delay time, 1000 = 1S
}

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3. Compile the program and upload to Arduino UNO board
Now, you can see the LED is blinking.

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