CHAPTER 5

3 kN 2 kN 5 kN 2 kN PROBLEM 5.7

A C D E B Draw the shear and bending-moment diagrams for the beam and
loading shown, and determine the maximum absolute value (a) of
the shear, (b) of the bending moment.
0.3 m 0.3 m 0.3 m 0.4 m

SOLUTION

Origin at A:

Reaction at A:
Fy  0: RA  3  2  5  2  0 RA  2 kN

M A  0: M A  (3 kN)(0.3 m)  (2 kN)(0.6 m)  (5 kN)(0.9 m)  (2 kN)(1.3 m)  0

 M A  0.2 kN  m 

From A to C:
Fy  0: V  2 kN

M1  0: 0.2 kN  m  (2 kN)x  M  0

M  0.2  2 x

From C to D:

Fy  0: 2  3  V  0

V  1 kN

M 2  0:  0.2 kN  m  (2 kN)x  (3 kN)( x  0.3)  M  0

M  0.7  x

From D to E:
Fy  0: V  5  2  0 V  3 kN
M 3  0:  M  5(0.9  x)  (2)(1.3  x)  0
M  1.9  3x

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687
 PROBLEM 5.7 (Continued)

From E to B:
Fy  0: V  2 kN

M 4  0:  M  2(1.3  x)  0
M  2.6  2 x


 (a) V max
 3.00 kN 

(b) M max
 0.800 kN  m 

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688
 750 lb 750 lb PROBLEM 5.16
150 lb/ft
3 in.
For the beam and loading shown, determine the maximum
normal stress due to bending on a transverse section at C.
A B 12 in.
C D

4 ft 4 ft 4 ft

SOLUTION

Reactions: C  A by symmetry.

Fy  0: A  C  (2)(750)  (12)(150)  0

A  C  1650 lb
Use left half of beam as free body.
M E  0:
(1650)(6)  (750)(2)  (150)(6)(3)  M  0

M  5700 lb  ft  68.4  103 lb  in.

1 2 1
Section modulus: S  bh    (3)(12)2  72 in 3
6 6

M 68.4  103
Normal stress:     950 psi
S 72
  950 psi 

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699
 PROBLEM 5.26

Knowing that W  12 kN , draw the shear and bending-moment

diagrams for beam AB and determine the maximum normal
stress due to bending.
W
8 kN 8 kN
C D E W310 ⫻ 23.8
A B

1m 1m 1m 1m

SOLUTION
By symmetry, A  B
 Fy  0: A  8  12  8  B  0
A  B  2 kN

Shear: A to C : V  2 kN 

 C  to D : V  6 kN  

 D  to E : V  6 kN  

 E  to B : V  2 kN  

V max
 6.00 kN 
Bending moment:
At C,  M C  0: M C  (1)(2)  0
M C  2 kN  m

At D, M D  0: M D  (2)(2)  (8)(1)  0

M D  4 kN  m 
By symmetry, M  2 kN  m at D. M E  2 kN  m
max|M |  4.00 kN  m occurs at E. 

For W310  23.8, S x  280  103 mm3  280  106 m3

|M |max 4  103
Normal stress:  max  
Sx 280  106

 14.29  106 Pa  max  14.29 MPa 

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711
 PROBLEM 5.30
P Q
12 mm
500 mm 500 mm Solve Prob. 5.29, assuming that P  480 N and Q  320 N.
C D
A B 18 mm PROBLEM 5.29 Knowing that P  Q  480 N, determine
(a) the distance a for which the absolute value of the bending
moment in the beam is as small as possible, (b) the
a corresponding maximum normal stress due to bending. (See
hint of Prob. 5.27.)

SOLUTION

P  480 N Q  320 N

Reaction at A:  M D  0: Aa  480(a  0.5)  320(1  a)  0

 560 
A   800  N
 a 
Bending moment at C:  M C  0: 0.5A  M C  0
 280 
M C  0.5A   400   Nm
 a 

Bending moment at D:  M D  0: M D  320 (1  a)  0

M D  (320  320a) N  m

280
(a) Equate: M D  M C 320  320a  400 
a
320a 2  80a  280  0 a  0.81873 m, 1.06873 m
Reject negative root. a  819 mm 
A  116.014 N M C  58.007 N  m M D  58.006 N  m

1 2
(b) For rectangular section, S  bh
6
1
S  (12)(18) 2  648 mm3  648  109 m3
6
|M |max 58.0065
 max   9
 89.5  106 Pa  max  89.5 MPa 
S 648  10

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715
100 lb 250 lb 100 lb PROBLEM 5.41

C D E Using the method of Sec. 5.2, solve Prob. 5.8.

A B
PROBLEM 5.8 Draw the shear and bending-moment diagrams
for the beam and loading shown, and determine the maximum
15 in. 20 in. 25 in. 10 in. absolute value (a) of the shear, (b) of the bending moment.

SOLUTION

Free body diagram for determining reactions.

Reactions:
FY  0 : VC  VE  100 lb  250 lb  100 lb  0

VC  VE  450 lb 

M C  0 : VE (45 in.)  (100 lb)(15 in.)  (250 lb)(20 in.)  (100 lb)(55 in.)  0

VE  200 lb

 VC  250 lb

Between concentrated loads and the vertical reaction, the

scope of the shear diagram is  , i.e., the shear is constant.
Thus, the area under the shear diagram is equal to he change
in bending moment.

A to C:
V  100 lb, M C  M A  1500, M C  1500 lb  in.

C to D:
V  150 lb M D  M C  3000, M D  1500 lb  in.

D to E:
V  100 lb, M E  M D  2500, M E  1000 lb  in.

E to B:
V  100 lb, M B  M E  1000, M B  0 (Checks) 

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727
 10 kN
3 kN/m 100 mm PROBLEM 5.46
C Using the method of Sec. 5.2, solve Prob. 5.15.
A 200 mm
B
PROBLEM 5.15 For the beam and loading shown, determine
the maximum normal stress due to bending on a transverse
1.5 m 1.5 m 2.2 m
section at C.

SOLUTION

M C  0:
 3 A  (1.5)(10)  (1.1)(2.2)(3)  0
A  2.58 kN
M A  0:
(1.5)(10)  3C  (4.1)(2.2)(3)  0
C  14.02 kN

Shear:
A to D: V  2.58 kN
 
D to C : V  2.58  10  7.42 kN

C: V  7.42  14.02  6.60 kN
B: V  6.60  (2.2)(3)  0

Areas under shear diagram:

A to D:  V dx  (1.5)(2.58)  3.87 kN  m
D to C:  V dx  (1.5)(7.42)  11.13 kN  m
 1
C to B:  V dx   2  (2.2)(6.60)  7.26 kN  m
 

Bending moments:
MA  0
M D  0  3.87  3.87 kN  m
M C  3.87  11.13  7.26 kN  m
M B  7.26  7.26  0

M C  7.26 kN  m  7.26  103 N  m

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732
 PROBLEM 5.46 (Continued)

1 2 1
For rectangular cross section, S  bh    (100)(200)2
6 6

 666.67  103 mm3  666.67  106 m 2

MC 7.26  103
Normal stress:     10.89  106 Pa
S 666.67  106
10.89 MPa 

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733
 400 kN/m PROBLEM 5.60
A C D B
Knowing that beam AB is in equilibrium under the loading
w0 W200 3 22.5
shown, draw the shear and bending-moment diagrams and
determine the maximum normal stress due to bending.
0.3 m 0.4 m 0.3 m

SOLUTION

 Fy  0: (1)(w0 )  (0.4)(400)  0
w0  160 kN/m
Shear diagram: VA  0
VC  0  (0.3)(160)  48 kN
VD  48  (0.3)(400)  (0.3)(160)  48 kN
VB  48  (0.3)(160)  0
Locate point E where V  0.
By symmetry, E is the midpoint of CD.
Areas of shear diagram:
1
A to C: (0.3)(48)  7.2 kN  m
2
1
C to E: (0.2)(48)  4.8 kN  m
2
1
E to D: (0.2)(48)  4.8 kN  m
2
1
D to B: (0.3)(48)  7.2 kN  m
2
Bending moments: MA  0

M C  0  7.2  7.2 kN
M E  7.2  4.8  12.00 kN
M D  12.0  4.8  7.2 kN
M B  7.2  7.2  0

M max
 12.00 kN  m  12.00  103 N  m

For W200  22.5 rolled-steel shape, S x  193  103 mm3  193  106 m3

M 12.00  103
Normal stress:     62.2  106 Pa   62.2 MPa 
S 193  106

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749
 PROBLEM 5.64*
P Q
18 mm
2 kN/m Beam AB supports a uniformly distributed load of 2 kN/m and two
concentrated loads P and Q. It has been experimentally determined
A C D B
36 mm that the normal stress due to bending in the bottom edge of the beam
is 56.9 MPa at A and 29.9 MPa at C. Draw the shear and bending-
0.1 m 0.1 m 0.125 m
moment diagrams for the beam and determine the magnitudes of the
loads P and Q.

SOLUTION

 1
I (18)(36)3  69.984  103 mm 4
 12
1
 c  d  18 mm
2
I
S   3.888  103 mm3  3.888  106 m3
c

At A, M A  S A  (3.888  106 )(56.9)  221.25 N  m

At C, M C  S C  (3.888  106 )(29.9)  116.25 N  m

M A  0: 221.23  (0.1)(400)  0.2 P  0.325Q  0


0.2 P  0.325Q  181.25 (1)

 M C  0: 116.25  (0.05)(200)  0.1P  0.225Q  0

0.1P  0.225Q  106.25 (2)

Solving (1) and (2) simultaneously, P  500 N 
Q  250 N 

Reaction force at A: RA  400  500  250  0 RA  1150 N  m

VA  1150 N VD  250
M A  221.25 N  m M C  116.25 N  m M D  31.25 N  m

|V |max  1150 N 

|M |max  221 N  m 

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754
2.5 kN 2.5 kN PROBLEM 5.69
6 kN/m 100 mm

B C For the beam and loading shown, design the cross section of the
A D h beam, knowing that the grade of timber used has an allowable
normal stress of 12 MPa.
3m
0.6 m 0.6 m

SOLUTION

By symmetry, BC

Fy  0: B  C  2.5  2.5  (3)(6)  0 B  C  6.5 kN

Shear:
A to B: V  2.5 kN
VB   2.5  6.5  9 kN
VC   9  (3)(6)  9 kN
C to D: V  9  6.5  2.5 kN
Areas of the shear diagram:
A to B:  V dx  (0.6)(2.5)  1.5 kN  m
1
B to E:  V dx   2  (1.5)(9)  6.75 kN  m
E to C:  V dx  6.75 kN  m
C to D:  V dx  1.5 kN  m
Bending moments: MA 0
MB  0  1.5  1.5 kN  m
ME  1.5  6.75  8.25 kN  m
MC  8.25  6.75  1.5 kN  m
MD  1.5  1.5  0

Maximum |M |  8.25 kN  m  8.25  103 N  m

 all  12 MPa  12  106 Pa
|M |max 8.25  103
S min    687.5  106 m3  687.5  103 mm3
 all 12  106

1
For a rectangular section, S  bh 2
6
1
687.5  103    (100) h 2
6
(6)(687.5  103 )
h2   41.25  103 mm 2 h  203 mm 
100

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759
20 kips 11 kips/ft 20 kips
PROBLEM 5.71
B E
A F Knowing that the allowable normal stress for the steel used is 24 ksi,
C D select the most economical wide-flange beam to support the loading
shown.
2 ft 2 ft 6 ft 2 ft 2 ft

SOLUTION

By symmetry, RA  RF

Fy  0: RA  20  (6)(11)  20  RF  0

RA  RF  50 kips
Maximum bending moment occurs at center of beam.
M J  0:  (7)(53)  (5)(20)  (1.5)(3)(11)  M J  0
M J  221.5 kip.ft  2658 kip  in.

M max 2658
S min    110.75 in 3
 all 24

Shape S (in2)
W24  68 154
W21  62 127
W18  76 146
W16  77 134
W14  82 123
W12  96 131
Use W21  62. 

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761
 1.5 kN 1.5 kN 1.5 kN PROBLEM 5.79
t
A steel pipe of 100-mm diameter is to support the loading shown.
A B C D
Knowing that the stock of pipes available has thicknesses varying
from 6 mm to 24 mm in 3-mm increments, and that the allowable
normal stress for the steel used is 150 MPa, determine the minimum
100 mm
1m 0.5 m 0.5 m wall thickness t that can be used.

SOLUTION

 M A  0:  M A  (1)(1.5)  (1.5)(1.5)  (2)(1.5)  0 M A  6.75 kN  m

M max
 M A  6.75 kN  m
M 6.75  103 N  m
Smin  max
  45  106 m3  45  103 mm3
 all 150  106 Pa
I min
Smin  I min  c2 Smin  (50)(45  103 )  2.25  106 mm 4
c2

I min 
4
c 4
2
4
 c1max 
4 4 4
c1max  c24  I min  (50)4  (2.25  106 )  3.3852  106 mm 4
 
c1max  42.894 mm
tmin  c2  c1max  50  42.894  7.106 mm
t  9 mm 

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770
 60 mm PROBLEM 5.85
w
20 mm Determine the largest permissible distributed load w for the
A D
60 mm beam shown, knowing that the allowable normal stress is
B C 80 MPa in tension and 130 MPa in compression.
20 mm
0.5 m
0.2 m 0.2 m

SOLUTION

Reactions: By symmetry, B  C

 Fy  0: B  C  0.9w  0
B  C  0.45w 
Shear: VA  0

VB   0  0.2w  0.2w
VB   0.2w  0.45w  0.25w
VC   0.25w  0.5w  0.25w
VC   0.25w  0.45w  0.2w
VD  0.2w  0.2w  0

1
Areas: A to B: (0.2)(0.2 w)  0.02 w
2
1
B to E: (0.25)(0.25w)  0.03125w
2
Bending moments: MA  0
M B  0  0.02 w  0.02 w
M E  0.02 w  0.03125w  0.01125w
Centroid and moment of inertia:

Part A, mm 2 y , mm Ay (103 mm3 ) d , mm Ad 2 (103 mm 4 ) I (103 mm 4 )

 1200 70 84 20 480 40
 1200 30 36 20 480 360
 2400 120 960 400

120  103
Y   50 mm
2400

I   Ad 2   I  1360  103 mm 4

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779
 PROBLEM 5.85 (Continued)

Top: I /y  (1360  103 )/30  45.333  103 mm3  45.333  106 m3

Bottom: I /y  (1360  103 )/(50)  27.2  103 mm3  27.2  106 m3

Bending moment limits ( M   I / y ) and load limits w.

Tension at B and C: 0.02 w  (80  106 )(45.333  106 ) w  181.3  103 N/m

Compression at B and C: 0.02 w  (130  106 )(27.2  106 ) w  176.8  103 N/m

Tension at E: 0.01125w  (80  106 )(27.2  106 ) w  193.4  103 N/m

Compression at E: 0.01125w  (130  10)(45.333  106 ) w  523.8  103 N/m

The smallest allowable load controls. w  176.8  103 N/m

w  176.8 kN/m 

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780
 P P PROBLEM 5.103
B C E D
A (a) Using singularity functions, write the equations defining the shear
and bending moment for the beam and loading shown. (b) Use the
a a a a equation obtained for M to determine the bending moment at point E,
and check your answer by drawing the free-body diagram of the portion
of the beam to the right of E.

SOLUTION

M D  0:  4aA  3aP  2aP  0 A  1.25 P

(a) V  1.25 P  P x  a 0  P x  2a 0 

M  1.25Px  P x  a1  P x  2a1 

(b) At point E , x  3a
M E  1.25 P(3a)  P(2a)  P( a)  0.750 Pa 

Reaction: Fy  0: A  P  P  D  0 D  0.750 P 

M E  0: M E  0.750 Pa  0
M E  0.750 Pa




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807
 25 kN/m PROBLEM 5.108
B C
A D (a) Using singularity functions, write the equations for the shear and
bending moment for the beam and loading shown. (b) Determine the
40 kN 40 kN
maximum value of the bending moment in the beam.

0.6 m 1.8 m 0.6 m

SOLUTION

(a) By symmetry, RA  RD

 Fy  0: RA  RD  40  (1.8)(25)  40  0

RA  RD  62.5 kN

dV
w  25 x  0.6 0  25 x  2.4 0  
dx
V  62.5  25 x  0.61  25 x  2.41  40 x  0.6 0  40 x  2.4 0 kN 

M  62.5 x  12.5 x  0.6 2  12.5 x  2.4 2  40 x  0.61  40 x  2.41 kN  m 

(b) Locate point where V  0 . Assume 0.6  x*  1.8

0  62.5  25( x*  0.6)  0  40  0 x*  1.5 m

M  (62.5)(1.5)  (12.5)(0.9) 2  0  (40)(0.9)  0  47.6 kN  m 

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812
 12 kN  L  0.4 m PROBLEM 5.118
16 kN/m

B Using a computer and step functions, calculate the shear and bending
A C moment for the beam and loading shown. Use the specified increment
ΔL, starting at point A and ending at the right-hand support.
4m
1.2 m

SOLUTION

M C  0: (5.2)(12)  4 B  (2)(4)(16)  0
B  47.6 kN 
M B  0: (1.2)(12)  (2)(4)(16)  4C  0
C  28.4 kN 
0 dV
w  16 x  1.2  
dx
V  16 x  1.21  12  47.6 x  1.2 0 
M  8 x  1.2 2  12 x  47.6 x  1.21 

x V M
m kN kN  m
0.0 12.0 0.00
0.4 12.0 4.80
0.8 12.0 9.60
1.2 35.6 14.40
1.6 29.2 1.44
2.0 22.8 8.96
2.4 16.4 16.80
2.8 10.0 22.08
3.2 3.6 24.80
3.6 2.8 24.96
4.0 9.2 22.56
4.4 15.6 17.60
4.8 22.0 10.08
5.2 28.4 0.00

V  35.6 kN 
max

M  25.0 kN  m 
max

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822
 PROBLEM 5.123
5 kN
20 kN/m
50 mm For the beam and loading shown, and using a computer and
step functions, (a) tabulate the shear, bending moment, and
B C
A D 300 mm
maximum normal stress in sections of the beam from x  0
to x  L, using the increments ΔL indicated, (b) using
L6m smaller increments if necessary, determine with a 2%
2m 3m  L  0.5 m accuracy the maximum normal stress in the beam. Place the
1m
origin of the x axis at end A of the beam.

SOLUTION

M D  0: 4 RB  (6)(5)  (2.5)(3)(20)  0 RB  45 kN
dV
w  20 x  2 0  20 x  5 0 kN/m  
dx
V  5  45 x  2 0  20 x  21  20 x  51 kN 
1 2 2
M  5 x  45 x  2  10 x  2  10 x  5 kN  m 
(a) x V M stress
m kN kN  m MPa
0.00 5 0.00 0.0
0.50 5 2.50 3.3
1.00 5 5.00 6.7
1.50 5 7.50 10.0
2.00 40 10.00 13.3
2.50 30 7.50 10.0
3.00 20 20.00 26.7
3.50 10 27.50 36.7
4.00 0 30.00 40.0 ←
4.50 10 27.50 36.7
5.00 20 20.00 26.7
5.50 20 10.00 13.3
6.00 20 0.00 0.0
(b) Maximum |M |  30.0 kN  m at x  4.0 m 
Maximum V  40.0 kN 

1 1
For rectangular cross section, S  bh 2    (50)(300)2  750  103 mm3  750  106 m3
6 6

M max 30  103
 max    40  106 Pa  max  40.0 MPa 
S 750  106

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828