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AI Notes

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science focused on creating machines that perform tasks requiring human-like intelligence, such as learning and decision-making. The field has evolved since the 1950s, with significant milestones including the development of expert systems, deep learning, and applications in various domains like natural language processing and computer vision. AI integrates multiple disciplines, including mathematics, economics, and psychology, and is widely used in real-life applications such as virtual assistants, recommendation systems, and autonomous vehicles.

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17 views2 pages

AI Notes

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science focused on creating machines that perform tasks requiring human-like intelligence, such as learning and decision-making. The field has evolved since the 1950s, with significant milestones including the development of expert systems, deep learning, and applications in various domains like natural language processing and computer vision. AI integrates multiple disciplines, including mathematics, economics, and psychology, and is widely used in real-life applications such as virtual assistants, recommendation systems, and autonomous vehicles.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) Overview

Definition of AI
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the field of computer science dedicated to creating machines that can
perform tasks typically requiring human intelligence. These tasks include learning, reasoning, problem-
solving, perception, and decision-making.
History of AI
● 1950s – Alan Turing introduced the concept of machine intelligence and the Turing Test to
assess whether a machine can exhibit human-like behavior.
● 1956 – AI was formally recognized as a field at the Dartmouth Conference, led by John
McCarthy.
● 1970s–80s – Development of expert systems, symbolic AI, and early neural networks.
● 1997 – IBM's Deep Blue defeated world chess champion Garry Kasparov.
● 2010s–Present – Deep Learning revolutionized AI, powering breakthroughs in NLP (Natural
Language Processing), computer vision, and generative AI.
Foundations of AI
AI is built upon multiple disciplines that contribute to its functionality:
Mathematics
● Linear algebra, probability, and statistics play a crucial role in AI models.
● Algorithms and optimization techniques are used to enhance machine learning processes.
Economics
● AI incorporates economic models for decision-making, resource allocation, and financial
forecasting.
● Predictive analytics aid in business decision-making.
Decision Theory
● AI systems evaluate multiple outcomes before making optimal choices.
● Reinforcement learning enables machines to improve actions based on rewards or penalties.
Neurology
● AI models are inspired by human brain structures.
● Neural networks mimic neuron activity, enabling deep learning.
Engineering
● AI integrates robotics, hardware advancements, and software programming.
● Engineering principles ensure AI efficiency, scalability, and real-world usability.
Psychology
● Cognitive science helps AI understand human thought processes.
● Emotion recognition is applied in AI-driven customer support and interaction systems.
Computer Networking
● AI enables secure data transmission and efficient network management.
● Cloud-based AI services rely on networking infrastructure for global accessibility.
Applications of AI
Expert Systems
● AI-powered expert systems emulate human experts in specialized fields.
● Used in medical diagnosis, legal reasoning, and risk assessment.
Machine Learning (ML)
● Algorithms analyze data, detect patterns, and make predictions.
● Supervised learning involves labeled data, while unsupervised learning finds hidden
structures.
Natural Language Processing (NLP)
● Enables AI to understand, interpret, and generate human language.
● Examples: Virtual assistants (Siri, Google Assistant), chatbots, machine translation.
Gaming
● AI plays a role in game design, NPC behavior, and adaptive difficulty.
● AlphaGo, developed by DeepMind, defeated human players in the complex board game Go.
Artificial Neural Networks
● AI systems inspired by brain neurons that process information in layers.
● Used in deep learning for speech recognition, image processing, and autonomous systems.
Computer Vision
● AI enables machines to interpret and analyze visual data.
● Applications include facial recognition, medical imaging, and automated surveillance.
Intelligent Agents
● AI-powered systems that autonomously perform tasks.
● Examples: AI-based stock trading algorithms, self-driving cars, and robotic automation.
Recognizing AI in Real Life
Common AI Applications
● Virtual Assistants: Siri, Alexa, and Google Assistant use NLP for conversational AI.
● Recommendation Systems: Netflix, Amazon, and YouTube suggest personalized content.
● Fraud Detection: AI identifies suspicious transactions in banking.
● Autonomous Vehicles: AI-driven self-driving cars use sensors and deep learning.
● Medical AI: AI helps diagnose diseases and assists in robotic surgery.

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