The document outlines various amendments to the Indian Constitution from 1951 to 2021, detailing their key provisions and impacts. Significant changes include the establishment of union territories, adjustments in Lok Sabha representation, and the introduction of special status for certain states. Recent amendments focus on reservations for backward classes, the inclusion of new languages, and the constitutional status of cooperative societies.
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Important Constitutional Amendments
The document outlines various amendments to the Indian Constitution from 1951 to 2021, detailing their key provisions and impacts. Significant changes include the establishment of union territories, adjustments in Lok Sabha representation, and the introduction of special status for certain states. Recent amendments focus on reservations for backward classes, the inclusion of new languages, and the constitutional status of cooperative societies.
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First
Constitutional
Amendment
Act 1951
— In the First
Amendment act, the
state was given due
responsibility to make
the advancement of
the economically
backward class
people through various
provisions and
policies.
— The 9th schedule
was also added that
protected the land
reform laws that
included it from the
Judicial review.
— It added restrictions
on freedom of speech
and expression, such
as friendly
relationships with
foreign countries,
support for an offence,
and public orders. This
also made the
restriction justifiable
and reasonable in
nature.Second
Amendment
Act, 1952
Fourth
Amendment
Act, 1955
In the Second
Amendment act, the
representation scale
of the Lok Sabha was
altered and readjusted;
it states that one
member of the Lok
Sabha can represent
more than 7.5 Lac
people.
A few more acts were
included in the fourth
amendment act's ninth
schedule.
This law protects
people’s homes and
possessions from
arbitrary searches and
seizures. Those
searches were
considered
unreasonable under
the law that came
under this act.Seventh
Amendment
Act,1956
Ninth
Amendment
Act,1960
— The union territories
were introduced.
— The thought of
having a single
common High Court
for two or even more
states was also
introduced in the
seventh act.
— There was the
abolition of A, B, C and
D states.
- 14 States and six
union territories were
newly formed.
The Indo-Pak Accord
of 1958, a treaty
involving India and
Pakistan, culminated
in transformations to
the Indian territory.10th
Amendment of
Indian
Constitution
1961
12th
Constitutional
Amendment,
1962
13th
Amendment
Act,1962
In the 10th
amendment act, the
incorporation of Dadar,
Nagar and Haveli in
the union of India was
made as a union
territory.
This act incorporated
Goa, Daman and Diu
as union territories.
As a result of article
371A, Nagaland has
been granted special
status.14th
Amendment in
Constitution
19th
Amendment of
Indian
Constitution
1966
21st
Amendment
Act,1967
- Pondicherry was
included in the Indian
Union Territory.
- The Council of
Ministers and the
legislature were
provided to union
territories such as
Himachal Pradesh,
Manipur, Tripura,
Daman and Diu, Goa,
and Puducherry.
In this act, the system
of election tribunals
was removed, and the
power to hear the
election petition was in
the hands of the high
courts.
In this constitutional
Amendment, the
Sindhi language was
made a language into
the 8th schedule of the
Indian Constitution24th
Amendment
Act,1971
31st
Amendment
Act,1972
35th
Amendment
Act,1974
36th
Amendment
Act,1975
The President's assent
was made mandatory
to constitute the
Amendment Bill.
The seats of the Lok
Sabha, which was
earlier 525, were
increased to 545
through this
Amendment of Indian
Constitution.
As a result of this
Constitutional
Amendment, Sikkim’s
status as a
protectorate state was
terminated, and it was
given that of an
associate state.
India made Sikkim a
full-fledged state.42nd
Amendment
Act,1976
44th
Amendment
Act,1978
61st
amendment
act, 1889
74th
Amendment
Act,1992
Known as the mini-
constitution, this
Amendment is the
most extensive in the
Indian Constitution.
The Janata
government enacted
this Amendment to the
Indian Constitution,
which is one of the
most important
changes
In this act, the voting
age of the citizens
was reduced from 21
to 18 in both the Lok
Sabha and the
legislative assembly
elections.
The urban local bodies
were granted
constitutional status.
In addition, part 9A
and schedule 12 of the
Indian Constitution
were added.86th
Amendment
Act,2002
92nd
Amendment
Act,2003
97th
Amendment
Act, 2011
101st
Amendment
Act, 2016
It made elementary
education free and
compulsory for
children between 6
and 14 years of age.
The number of official
languages increased
from 18 to 22. Bodo,
Dogri, Maithili and
Santhali were officially
added to the Eighth
schedule.
In this Amendment of
Indian Constitution,
constitutional status
was given to the
cooperative societies.
They had the complete
freedom to form
cooperative societies.
For the first time, the
goods and services tax
was introduced in
society in this act.102nd
Amendment
Act, 2018
103rd
Amendment
Act, 2019
104th
Amendment
Act, 2020
In this act, the National
Commission for the
backward classes of
society was granted
constitutional status.
This act provided a
maximum of 10%
reservation for the
weaker and backward
class of citizens other
than the classes that
are mentioned in
clauses four and five
of article 15.
This act extended the
seat reservation of the
scheduled tribe and
scheduled caste in the
Lok Sabha.
This was set to expire
on 26th January 2020,
but it was extended for
another ten years for
valid reasons.105th
Amendment
act, 2021
Latest Constitutional
Amendment regarding
the state government's
power to prepare the
SEBC list.
It also clarifies that
Article 15 is not just
for Indians but also
applies to everyone in
India, or we can say
that the Amendment
of Article 15 applies to
all citizens regardless
of their religion or
caste, or language.