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Important Constitutional Amendments

The document outlines various amendments to the Indian Constitution from 1951 to 2021, detailing their key provisions and impacts. Significant changes include the establishment of union territories, adjustments in Lok Sabha representation, and the introduction of special status for certain states. Recent amendments focus on reservations for backward classes, the inclusion of new languages, and the constitutional status of cooperative societies.

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Rïtîk Shãrmâ
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
20 views10 pages

Important Constitutional Amendments

The document outlines various amendments to the Indian Constitution from 1951 to 2021, detailing their key provisions and impacts. Significant changes include the establishment of union territories, adjustments in Lok Sabha representation, and the introduction of special status for certain states. Recent amendments focus on reservations for backward classes, the inclusion of new languages, and the constitutional status of cooperative societies.

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Rïtîk Shãrmâ
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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First Constitutional Amendment Act 1951 — In the First Amendment act, the state was given due responsibility to make the advancement of the economically backward class people through various provisions and policies. — The 9th schedule was also added that protected the land reform laws that included it from the Judicial review. — It added restrictions on freedom of speech and expression, such as friendly relationships with foreign countries, support for an offence, and public orders. This also made the restriction justifiable and reasonable in nature. Second Amendment Act, 1952 Fourth Amendment Act, 1955 In the Second Amendment act, the representation scale of the Lok Sabha was altered and readjusted; it states that one member of the Lok Sabha can represent more than 7.5 Lac people. A few more acts were included in the fourth amendment act's ninth schedule. This law protects people’s homes and possessions from arbitrary searches and seizures. Those searches were considered unreasonable under the law that came under this act. Seventh Amendment Act,1956 Ninth Amendment Act,1960 — The union territories were introduced. — The thought of having a single common High Court for two or even more states was also introduced in the seventh act. — There was the abolition of A, B, C and D states. - 14 States and six union territories were newly formed. The Indo-Pak Accord of 1958, a treaty involving India and Pakistan, culminated in transformations to the Indian territory. 10th Amendment of Indian Constitution 1961 12th Constitutional Amendment, 1962 13th Amendment Act,1962 In the 10th amendment act, the incorporation of Dadar, Nagar and Haveli in the union of India was made as a union territory. This act incorporated Goa, Daman and Diu as union territories. As a result of article 371A, Nagaland has been granted special status. 14th Amendment in Constitution 19th Amendment of Indian Constitution 1966 21st Amendment Act,1967 - Pondicherry was included in the Indian Union Territory. - The Council of Ministers and the legislature were provided to union territories such as Himachal Pradesh, Manipur, Tripura, Daman and Diu, Goa, and Puducherry. In this act, the system of election tribunals was removed, and the power to hear the election petition was in the hands of the high courts. In this constitutional Amendment, the Sindhi language was made a language into the 8th schedule of the Indian Constitution 24th Amendment Act,1971 31st Amendment Act,1972 35th Amendment Act,1974 36th Amendment Act,1975 The President's assent was made mandatory to constitute the Amendment Bill. The seats of the Lok Sabha, which was earlier 525, were increased to 545 through this Amendment of Indian Constitution. As a result of this Constitutional Amendment, Sikkim’s status as a protectorate state was terminated, and it was given that of an associate state. India made Sikkim a full-fledged state. 42nd Amendment Act,1976 44th Amendment Act,1978 61st amendment act, 1889 74th Amendment Act,1992 Known as the mini- constitution, this Amendment is the most extensive in the Indian Constitution. The Janata government enacted this Amendment to the Indian Constitution, which is one of the most important changes In this act, the voting age of the citizens was reduced from 21 to 18 in both the Lok Sabha and the legislative assembly elections. The urban local bodies were granted constitutional status. In addition, part 9A and schedule 12 of the Indian Constitution were added. 86th Amendment Act,2002 92nd Amendment Act,2003 97th Amendment Act, 2011 101st Amendment Act, 2016 It made elementary education free and compulsory for children between 6 and 14 years of age. The number of official languages increased from 18 to 22. Bodo, Dogri, Maithili and Santhali were officially added to the Eighth schedule. In this Amendment of Indian Constitution, constitutional status was given to the cooperative societies. They had the complete freedom to form cooperative societies. For the first time, the goods and services tax was introduced in society in this act. 102nd Amendment Act, 2018 103rd Amendment Act, 2019 104th Amendment Act, 2020 In this act, the National Commission for the backward classes of society was granted constitutional status. This act provided a maximum of 10% reservation for the weaker and backward class of citizens other than the classes that are mentioned in clauses four and five of article 15. This act extended the seat reservation of the scheduled tribe and scheduled caste in the Lok Sabha. This was set to expire on 26th January 2020, but it was extended for another ten years for valid reasons. 105th Amendment act, 2021 Latest Constitutional Amendment regarding the state government's power to prepare the SEBC list. It also clarifies that Article 15 is not just for Indians but also applies to everyone in India, or we can say that the Amendment of Article 15 applies to all citizens regardless of their religion or caste, or language.

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