UNIVERSITY OF POONCH RAWLAKOT

(Faculty of Engineering and technology & department of

Biomedical Engineering technology)

LAB REPORT

• Course title: Digital Logic design

• Course code: BIT-214
• Submitted to: Waqqas Qayyum
• Project title: Digital Alarm Clock
• Group# 05
• Submitted by: 2023-BMET-36
2023-BMET-33
2023-BMET-21
2023-BMET-31
2023-BMET-13
 Project Report: Digital Alarm Clock

Title: Design and Implementation of a Digital Alarm Clock

Abstract:
This project presents the design and implementation of a digital alarm clock using a
microcontroller, an LCD display, a buzzer, and input buttons for time setting and alarm
configuration. The clock displays real-time in hours, minutes, and seconds, and allows
users to set an alarm that triggers a buzzer at the specified time. The system is built using
an Arduino Uno, a real-time clock (RTC) module for accurate timekeeping, and push
buttons for user interaction. The project demonstrates the integration of hardware and
software to create a functional and user-friendly alarm clock.

Introduction:
A digital alarm clock is an essential electronic device used in daily life to keep track of time
and provide alarm functionality. This project aims to develop a simple yet effective digital
alarm clock using readily available components. The system includes:

Microcontroller (Arduino Uno) :Processes time data and controls the display and alarm.

RTC (DS3231 Module) – Provides accurate timekeeping.

LCD Display (16x2)– Shows the current time and alarm settings.

Buzzer – Sounds when the alarm is triggered.

Push Buttons – Used to set time and alarm.

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Literature Review
Digital alarm clocks have evolved from mechanical clocks to modern microcontroller-
based systems. Previous implementations include:

Basic LCD-based clocks using 8051 or AVR microcontrollers.

RTC-based clocks for improved accuracy over software-based timing.

Smart alarm clocks with additional features like temperature display and lot integration.

____________________________________________________________________________________

Our Contribution
● Title

Design and Implementation of a Digital Alarm Clock

●Component Requirements

| Aurduino board(aurduino uno)

LCD(1602)

Push button(for setting alarming time)

Buzzer( for alarming sound)

● Working Principle

- The RTC module keeps track of time independently of the Arduino.

- The Arduino reads time data from the RTC and displays it on the LCD.

- Buttons adjust hours, minutes, and alarm settings.

- When the set alarm time matches the current time, the buzzer activates.

● Software Implementation

The Arduino code:

- Initializes the LCD and RTC.

- Reads button inputs to adjust time and alarm.

- Compares current time with alarm time to trigger the buzzer.

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>

// LCD pins: (RS, E, D4, D5, D6, D7)

LiquidCrystal lcd(7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2);

// Buttons

const int btnHour = 8;

const int btnMinute = 9;

const int btnToggle = 10;

// Buzzer

const int buzzerPin = 11;

// LCD contrast PWM pin

const int contrastPin = 12; // PWM capable pin

// Time variables

int hour = 12, minute = 0;

int alarmHour = 7, alarmMinute = 0;

// Timekeeping

unsigned long previousMillis = 0;

const unsigned long interval = 60000;

// Mode
bool settingAlarm = false;

// Debounce

unsigned long lastButtonPress = 0;

const int debounceDelay = 200;

void setup() {

// Set contrast via PWM (range 0-255)

analogWrite(contrastPin, 80); // Adjust value for visibility

lcd.begin(16, 2);

pinMode(btnHour, INPUT_PULLUP);

pinMode(btnMinute, INPUT_PULLUP);

pinMode(btnToggle, INPUT_PULLUP);

pinMode(buzzerPin, OUTPUT);

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

lcd.print("Digital Clock");

delay(1500);

lcd.clear();

void loop() {

unsigned long currentMillis = millis();

// Time update

if (currentMillis - previousMillis >= interval) {

previousMillis = currentMillis;

incrementMinute();

// Button handling

if (millis() - lastButtonPress > debounceDelay) {

if (digitalRead(btnHour) == LOW) {

if (settingAlarm)

alarmHour = (alarmHour + 1) % 24;

else

hour = (hour + 1) % 24;

lastButtonPress = millis();

if (digitalRead(btnMinute) == LOW) {

if (settingAlarm)

alarmMinute = (alarmMinute + 1) % 60;

else

incrementMinute();

lastButtonPress = millis();

if (digitalRead(btnToggle) == LOW) {

settingAlarm = !settingAlarm;
 lastButtonPress = millis();

// Display

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

lcd.print("Time: ");

lcd.print(formatTime(hour, minute));

lcd.print(" ");

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

lcd.print("Alarm: ");

lcd.print(formatTime(alarmHour, alarmMinute));

lcd.print(settingAlarm ? "*" : " ");

// Alarm logic

if (hour == alarmHour && minute == alarmMinute) {

digitalWrite(buzzerPin, HIGH);

} else {

digitalWrite(buzzerPin, LOW);

void incrementMinute() {

minute++;

if (minute >= 60) {

 minute = 0;

hour = (hour + 1) % 24;

String formatTime(int h, int m) {

char buf[6];

sprintf(buf, "%02d:%02d", h, m);

return String(buf);

Proteus diagram:
● Hardware Implementation:

RTC module connected via I²C (A4-SDA, A5-SCL).

LCD interfaced in 4-bit mode.

Buttons connected to digital pins with pull-down resistors.

Buzzer connected to a PWM pin for sound control.

Results
- The digital clock successfully displays real-time on the LCD.

- The alarm triggers the buzzer at the set time.

- Buttons allow easy adjustment of time and alarm settings.

Challenges Faced:

- Initial synchronization issues with RTC (fixed by proper initialization).

- Button debouncing (resolved using software delays).

____________________________________________________________________________________

Conclusion and Future Work

This project successfully demonstrates a functional digital alarm clock using Arduino and
RTC. Future improvements include:

- Adding temperature display using the RTC’s built-in sensor.

- Implementing multiple alarms

- Integrating Wi-Fi for automatic time synchronization

References
1. Arduino Documentation. (https://www.arduino.cc/)

2. DS3231 Datasheet.

3. LiquidCrystal Library Guide.