Electrical Estimating And Contracting(22627)

2.Domestic and Commercial Installations

18 Marks
 General Requirements Of Electrical Installation
Q. State the General requirements of Electrical installations.
1. Safety (Electrical & Mechanical)
2. Life.
3. Appearance.
4. cost
5. Maintenance & Repairing
6. Future expansion
7.Type of wires, wiring accessories and wiring methods

Explanation:
1) Electrical installation should be electrically and mechanically safe. All precautions
should be taken.
2) Life of installation should be long.
3) Appearance should be good and decorative.
4) It should be economical
5) Maintenance & repairing should be simple and less.
6) Future expansion can be easily done.
7) For the better requirement the selection of wires, wiring method and wiring
accessorieswith our economy is also very important
8) Precautions should be taken to prevent leakage of water into installation rooms.
9) Provide proper clearance for cable and Follow minimum wire bending.

 IE Rules for Electrical Installation

Question .1) State IE rules related to Electrical Installation.
OR
2)Write general rules for residential installation.

Rules for Electrical Installation

1. Energy meter and switch board should install near to each other.
2. The place selected for energy meter should cover to provide protection against rain and

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mechanical damage.
3. The conductors used are to be such that size of conductor should carry rated current and
partial over load current safely..
4. Every sub-circuit is to be connected to a distribution fuse board.
5. Every line (phase or positive) is to be protected by a fuse of suitable rating as
per requirements.
6. A switch board is to be installed so that its bottom lies 1.25 to 1.5 meters above
the ground floor.
7. A plugs and socket-outlets are to be of 3-pin type, the appropriate pin of socket
being connected permanently to the earthing system.

8. All incandescent lamps, unless otherwise required, are to be hung at a height of 2.5
meters above the floor level. And ceiling fans are to be hung 2.75 meters above the floor.
9. Each light sub-circuit is not to have more than a total ten points of lights, fans and socket-
outlets. The load on each sub-circuit is to be restricted to 800 watts.
10. Each power sub-circuit is not to have more than a total of 2 points. The load on each sub-
circuit is to be restricted to 3000 watts.
11. In 3- phase, 4 wire installation the load is to be distributed equally on all phases.
12. Switches and fuse should connect in live wire.
13. Location of the main switch board should such that it is easily accessible to any person
to quickly disconnect the supply in case of emergency.
14. 5 A switch and socket should be used for light load and 15 A switch and sockets used for
power load.
15. Light point should be located 0.5 m below ceiling.
16. Each sub-circuit is to be protected against excessive current (that may occur either due
to over load or due to failure of insulation) by fuse or automatic circuit breaker.
17. Earth Resistance: should be very low for domestic installation it should be equal to or
less than 5 ohms to 8 ohm

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 Types of wiring.

List the types of Internal wiring in residential installations –

1) Cleat wiring
2) Batten wiring

3) Wooden casing capping wiring

4) PVC conduit wiring

5) PVC casing capping wiring

6) Concealed wiring
Explanation :

1) Cleat wiring:

The cost of wiring is less. The PVC or VIR wires are carried through porcelain
cleats. This wiring is very simple and used for temporary application. The wires are
exposed to the sky, so there are chances of mechanical injury. This type ofwiring is rarely
used.

 Area of application-Temporary Work.

2) Batten Wiring:

The cost of wiring is also less but more than cleat wiring. The PVC or VIR wires
are carried through batten. This wiring is very simple and now a day it is rarely used. More
number of wires can be carried through the batten. Wires are exposed to thesky, so there are
chances of mechanical injury. Fault finding is easy.

 Area of application-Small rooms and small houses.

3) Wooden Casing capping wiring:

The cost of wiring is more. The PVC or VIR wires are carried through wooden
casing capping. This wiring is very simple but due to high cost and now a day it is rarely
used. More number of wires can be carried through the wooden casing capping. Wires are

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not exposed to the sky, so there are less chance of mechanical injury but these type of wiring
catch the fire easily.

 Area of application-Residential building.

4) PVC Surface Conduit wiring:
The cost of wiring is less. The PVC or VIR wires are carried through PVC conduit. This
wiring is very simple. More number of wires can be carried through the different size of
PVC conduit. Wires are not exposed to the sky, so there are less chances of mechanical
injury. future expansion is not easily possible.
 Area of application-Homes, businesses and commercial building.

5) PVC Casing Capping:

The cost of wiring is slightly more. The PVC or VIR wires are carried through
PVC casing capping. This wiring is very simple so it is widely used. More number ofwires
can be carried through the different size of PVC casing capping. Wires are not exposed to
the sky, so there are less chances of mechanical injury. Future expansion is possible and
repairing and maintenance is easily possible.
 Area of application-Offices and commercial places.

6) Concealed wiring:
The cost of wiring is very high. The PVC or VIR wires are carried through thechannels
made in ceilings and walls at the time of building construction. This wiring is slightly
difficult but appearance is very good, so it is widely used. More number of wires can be
carried through the different size of channels. Wires are not exposed to the sky, so there
are less chances of mechanical injury. Fault finding is difficult. Future expansion is not
possible and repairing and maintenance difficult.
 Area of application- Office building.

 Factors to be considered while selecting types of wiring.

i) Expected life of wiring.
ii) Atmospheric hazards like fire ,fume etc.

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iii) Type of construction of building.
iv) Cost of wiring.
v) Maintenance Cost
vi) Safety
 List of Wiring Accessories and its function.
1) Lamp holder : It is the holding Accessory .The Different types of holders Used Such as
angle holder ,batten holder ,pendent holder .
2) Ceiling Rose: Ceiling rose are used to give supply for ceiling fan and tubes.
3) Tube Holder: It is used to hold the tube.
4) Switch: The function of switch is to make ON/OFF. Switches are available in the rating of
6A and 16A.
5)Plug :Two pin plugs ,three pin plugs and 5 in one plug .16 A power plate.
6)Kit Kat Fuse: It is safety device available in 6A to 32A.
8)PVC casing capping ,Junction box, Elbow, Bend etc.
9)Switch board ,ICDP Main Switch.
10)All types of size of PVC wire.
11) Fuse -link: Fuse-link melts automatically at the time of fault or over load. Fuse must be
replaced after the fault.

12) MCB: Miniature circuit breaker operates automatically at the time of fault or over load.
And it is used for the protection of electrical installation. They are available from 0.5 A to 100
Amps. They can be single pole, Double pole or three poles.
13) Socket outlet of plug : To give the supply to the load by using supply pins and
also provided inelectrical installation for adopting or connecting home appliances.
14) ICDP: ICDP means Iron clad Double pole. Its function is for cut off operation of
single phase supply.
15)Conduit: To run the wires from switch board to appliances.

 Factors Deciding Size Of Conduit OR Selection Size of Conduit

1) Types of wiring method.
2) No. of wires carried out through conduit.

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3) Size of wires required for sub circuit which is carried out through conduit.
4) Future expansion.

 Selection of Size of Conductor:

i) Conductor should carry current without any damage
ii) The starting current which is assumed it may be 1.5 to 2 times rated input current for
starting surge ,momentary short circuit, overload and future expansion.
iii) Conductor should not over heated at its regular rated load.
iv) The cross section area of the conductor also depend upon the type of material used for
conductor for ex .aluminum or copper.
v) Type of wiring used.
vi) Voltage drop should be minimum.

 Design consideration for residential / commercial Installation

Question: Describe step by step procedure of Estimation and costing of residential

installation .
OR
 State the design consideration of electrical installation system for residential/commercial
building installation.

OR

 State the sequence followed to prepare appropriate estimation for residential installation.
OR
 Mention general rules used for wiring of residential installation.

1) Find out the total electrical load for the given residential installation.
2) Differentiate this total electrical load in lighting load and power load.
3) Make the no. of lighting sub circuit for lighting load.

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No of Lighting Sub circuits== Total Electrical lighting load/ 800W OR
Total No of lighting point= No of Lighting Sub circuits /10
4) Make the no. of power sub circuits for power load.
No of power Sub circuits= Total electrical power load/1000 or 2000 W
5) Find out total power consumption of every lighting and power sub circuits.
6) Find out rated Input current for every lighting and power sub circuit. P = V1 cos P =
Input power for every sub circuit
V = voltage = 230 V
I = Input current for every sub circuit

7) Determine the size of wire required for every sub circuit by considering overload starting surge and
future expansion.
8) Draw the single line diagram.
9) Mark the batten on plan layout.
10)Find out the total length of batten or (conduit) required for every sub circuit and whole residential
installation.

11) Find out the total length and size of wire required for every sub circuit.
12) out the material required for whole residential installation.
13) Find out cost of material and labour in estimation chart.
14) Find out the total cost of estimation with profit margin and contingencies charges.
15) Find out per point charges.
16) Draw the circuit diagram.

 Material required for Residential Installation

Q. For a residential building prepare the list of electrical wiring installation material required along
with electrical apparatus used in the residential building.

1) Electrical cables: You will need electrical cables to carry the electrical current throughout the
house. The most common types used are non-metallic sheathed cable (NM), also known as Romex,
which consists of insulated wires bundled together.
2) Circuit breakers: Circuit breakers protect the electrical circuits from overload or short circuits.
They come in various sizes and ratings to match the specific requirements of each circuit.

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3) Outlets and switches: These are used to provide electrical access points and control for
lighting, appliances, and other electrical devices. They come in different types, such as receptacles,
light switches, dimmers, and GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter) outlets for areas requiring
extra safety, like bathrooms and kitchens.
4) Junction boxes: Junction boxes are used to house wire connections and protect them from
damage. They also provide a convenient access point for future
maintenance or modifications.

5) Conduit and fittings: Conduit is a protective tubing used to encase electrical wires in areas
where they may be exposed or subject to damage. Common types include PVC conduit and metal
conduit. Fittings are used to join and secure conduit sections together.
6) Wire connectors: Wire connectors are used to join or terminate wires. They provide a secure
and insulated connection and come in various types, such as wire nuts, crimp connectors, and
terminal blocks.
7) Electrical tape: Electrical tape is used to insulate and protect wire connections. It helps prevent
accidental contact with live wires and ensures electrical safety.
8) Wire staples and fasteners: These are used to secure electrical cables andconduit to walls,
ceilings, or other surfaces.
9) Wire strippers and cutters: These tools are necessary for removing insulationfrom wires and
cutting them to the desired length.
10) Screwdrivers, pliers, and wrenches: Basic hand tools are needed for various installation
tasks, such as tightening terminal screws, bending wires, and securing fittings.
Equipment’s Used in Residential Installation
Fan, Tube lights, Refrigerators, washing machine, Electric Heaters, etc

 principle of circuit design in lighting circuit and power circuit

1) Lighting circuit:

 Calculate total electrical load

 Each sub circuit should not have more than a total 10 points (including lights, fans and 5A
socket outlet)
 Each sub-circuit should not exceed 800 watts.

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 Make the no. of lighting sub circuit for lighting load.

Total Electrical lighting load

No. of Lighting Sub circuit OR
800W

Total No.of lighting point

No. of Lighting Sub circuit
10

2) Power Circuit:

i) Calculate total power load

ii) For power load there should be maximum 3000W for 2 to 3 points.

iii) Make the no. of power sub circuits for power load using following formula

Total electrical power load

No. of power Sub circuit
3000

OR
Total No.of power points
No. of power Sub circuits
2

Numerical

1) A residential unit is having following load:

i) 4 lamps of 60 W each
ii) 6 lamps of 40 W each
iii) 4 ceiling fans of 60 W each
iv) 6 sockets of 6 A having 100 W each
v) 4 sockets of 16
A having 1000 W each
Calculate:

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1. Total lighting load
2. Total power load

3. Size of distribution board

4. No. of sub-circuits for L and F and power.
Ans:
1. Total lighting load
= (4 × 60) + (6 × 40) + (4 × 60) + (6 × 100) = 1320 W
2. Total power load
= 4 × 1000 = 4000 W
3. No. of sub-circuits for L and F and power

No of lighting sub circuit = Total lighting load/800

OR
Total No. of lighting point/10

1320 20
= 𝑜𝑟 = 2 sub-circuits
𝑃𝑜w𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 4000
No. of power sub-circuit = = = 1.33  2 sub-circuits
4. Size of distribution board

Since there are 2 lighting sub-circuits and 2 power sub-circuit, we require 4 way
distribution board. It includes main MCB with other 2 MCBs for lighting sub-circuits and
2 more MCBs for power sub-circuits.

2) A domestic installation is having following load.

i) 4 light points of 60 W.
ii) 3 light points of 100 W.
iii) 4 Fan points of 60 W.
iv) 4 Sockets of 6 Amp having 60 W.
v) 2 Sockets of 16 Amp having 2 KW.
Find the number of lighting and power sub circuit.
Ans:

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i) Lighting Sub- Circuit:
Total lighting load =(4×60)+(3×100)+(4×60)+(4×60) =1020 W

ii) Power Sub-Circuit:

Total Power Load = (2×2000) =4000 W

𝑃𝑜w𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 4000

No. of power sub-circuit = = = 1.33  2 sub-circuits
3000 300o

 Positioning (sequence) of electrical equipments:

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1) Draw the wiring diagram for the residential load shown in Fig. No. 1
MB-Main Board PS-
Power Socket
Assume one socket on each switch board

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Ans:

2)Calculate the length of phase wire & neutral wire for the residential
installation as shown inthe Fig. No. 1.

Assume one 5A socket on each switch board. Assume height of rooms as 3 m

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Ans:

Assumptions:

1. Main Board (MB) is at the height of 1.75 m considering ceiling height of 3 m

2. Conduit runs at the height of 2.5 m.
3. Switch Board at the height of 1.5 m from ground level.
4. Tubes at the height of conduit run i.e 2.5 m
5. Power socket at the height of 1.5 m and horizontally at the centre of the wall.
6. D1 & D2 are the doors as shown in figure and each has width of 1 m & height 2 m
Wiring Layout:

There will be two sub-circuits; One is lighting and other is for power socket.
 Starting from Main Board (MB), the length of conduit required for lighting sub-
circuit is

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 given by,
 = 0.75(Vup)+0.5(H)+1(Vdown)+1(H)+0.5(Vup)+2.5(H)+2.5(H)+ 0.5(Vdown)
+2.5(H)+0.5(Vdown)+1(H)+1(Vdown)+2.5(H)+2.5(H)+ 0.5(Vdown)

Where, H represents horizontal run on wall or ceiling and V represents vertical run on
wall, may be up / down
= 19.75 m

Starting from Main Board (MB), the length of conduit required for power socket is given
by,
= 1(H)+2.5(H)+1(Vdown)
Remark: Initial Vertical up run of 0.75 m is already considered in lighting sub-circuit)
= 4.5 m

Total conduit length = 19.75 + 4.5 = 24.25 m

Length of Neutral wire:

i) For Lighting Circuit:

= 0.75(Vup)+0.5(H)+1(Vdown)+1(H)+0.5(Vup)+2.5(H)+2.5(H)+ 0.5(Vdown)
+2.5(H)+0.5(Vdown)+1(H)+1(Vdown)+2.5(H)+2.5(H)+
0.5(Vdown)
= 19.75 m

ii) For power socket:

= 0.75(Vup)+1(H)+2.5(H)+1(Vdown)
= 5.25 m

Length of Phase Wire:

i) For Lighting sub-circuit:
= 0.75(Vup)+0.5(H)+1(Vdown)+3(Vup) +3(H)+1.5(Vup)+7.5(H)+2.5(H)+ 0.5(Vdown)
+2.5(H)+0.5(Vdown)+3(H)+3(Vdown)+5(H)+2.5(H)+
0.5(Vdown)
= 37.25 m

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ii) For power socket:
= 0.75(Vup)+1(H)+2.5(H)+1(Vdown)
= 5.25 m

Total length of phase & neutral wire (1 mm2) for lighting sub-circuit:

= 19.75 + 37.25+ 10% = 57+5.7 = 62.7 m 63 m

Total length of phase & neutral wire (2.5 mm2) for power socket:
= 5.25 + 5.25 + 10% = 10.5 + 1.05 = 11.55 m 12 m

3)Estimate the quantity of material and cost of installation required for the PVC casing
capping wiring system used in house. The plan of which is shown in figure No. 1. Assumeheight
of roof 4m. One plug point is to be provided in each room and power socket in
Bathroom.(w.18)

Total load in Installation = tubes watt = 2 40 = 80 W

= Fans watt = 2 60 = 120 W

= Lamps in WC & bath watt = 2 40=80W

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= 5 Plug watt = 2 100 = 200 W

= Power Socket in bath watt =1 1000= 1000W

Total load in Hall= tubes in Watt+ Fans in Watt +Lamps in WC & Bath+ Plug Socket+ Power
socket
i) Total load in Installation = 80 +120 + 80 + 200 +1000 = 1480 watt

1480
ii) Total load in Amps = = 6.43 or 7 Amp
230
So Use,

230V, 16A, ISI mark Main switch of any company and lighting load 480 watt & 6
points & one power in bath room
Therefore one lighting & Power sub circuit is required
Wiring Layout:

Length of the conduit:

V H H V H H H H H

= 1.5+ 4+ 2.5+ 4+ 2.5+ 2.5+ 2.5+ 3+ 2+ 10%

= 11.5 + 10 + 10%

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= 21.5 + 10%
= 21.5 + 2.2
= 24.2 24 Mtr

Length of the Wire:

= 24 3 + 20%

= 72 + 20%
= 72 + 14.4
= 86.4 87 Mtr
Schedule of Material:
1 ICDP 250V, 16A 01 250.00 250.00
2 20A MCB for Power load 01 175.00 175.00
3 6A MCB for lighting load 01 45.00 45.00
4 PVC conduit (3 Mtr pipe) 1.5mm 24 Mtr 15.00 360.00
thickness
5 1 Sqmm Copper Wire (90 mtr bundle) 01 mtr 650.00 650.00
6 2.5 Sqmm Copper Wire 20 Mtr 12.00 240.00
7 Copper Earthing Plate 01 490.00 490.00
8 Earthing Sundry lumsump 200.00 200.00
9 6A Switch 08 15.00 120.00
10 6A Three point socket 02 18.00 36.00
11 16 A Power socket 01 55.00 55.00
12 Ceiling rose 04 10.00 40.00
13 Angle holder 02 10.00 20.00
14 Junction Box 08 10.00 80.00
15 4 x 4 Switch board with cutting 03 20.00 60.00
16 25 x 8 screws 01 35.00 70.00
17 Raval plug 03 05.00 15.00
18 Labour Charges 08 110.00 880.00
Total Amount :- 3786.00

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19 Contingencies+ profit margin 10% Amount:- 378.60
Total Amount:- 4164.60
iii) Cost of work: Say Total Amount: 4165.00

 Commercial Installation

Q.List Any Four examples of Commercial Unit

Examples of commercial Installation:

1) Hospital 2)Schools 3) Colleges 4) Banks 5) Shopping malls 6)Cinema

theaters 7) Show-rooms etc

 Design consideration and guidelines for the electrical installation in

commercial building:

Q. Explain the design consideration and guidelines for the electrical installation in
commercial building.
OR
 State the sequence followed to prepare the estimate for commercial electrical
installation.

Ans : Follow the same steps of residential installation .

Numerical:

1) A 16m x 8m class room having R.C.C. ceiling at a height of 4m is to be provided

withfollowing electric fittings.(w.22) 6 mark

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Fluorescent tube 40W → 9 Nos.

Ceiling Fans 50W → 4 Nos.
Plug points 100W→ 2 Nos.

Draw single line diagram showing the position of switches and fittings. Prepare the list of
material required for class room wiring.

Ans:
Assumptions:
1. Switch Board at the height of 1.5 m from ground level.
2. Conduit runs at the height of 3.5 m.
3. Main Board (MB) is at the height of 1.75 m
4. Tube T1 at the height of conduit run i.e. 3.5 m. Other all tubes at height of ceiling
5. Plug point present in each Switchboard

i) Total Load:
09 Fluorescent tubes each of 40 W =09x40= 360 W

04 Fans each of 50 W = 04x50 = 200 W

02 No. of 5 Amp Sockets = 02 x 100 = 200W

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L & F Total=760 W

ii) No. of Sub circuits:

Total no. of L & F points 15 and wattage 760 W

As per no. of points 15/10 = 1.5means 2 sub circuits

As per wattage 760/800 = 0.95 means 1 sub circuits

So for L & F there will be 2 sub circuits

No. of sub circuit and Tube Fans 5A Sockets

switch board
L& F sub circuit No. T1,T2,T3,T4,T5 F1,F2 S1
I—SB1
L& F sub circuit No. T6,T7,T8,T9 F3,F4 S2
I—SB2

iii)Calculation of length of casing capping:

EM to DB = 1m (H)

DB to SB1 = 1.75 (Vup) +4+2(Vdown)=7.75 m

SB1 to (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, F1, F2) = 0.75(H)+0.5 (Vup) +6+3x(1.75x2)+3+2 = 22.75m
SB1 to SB2 = 7.25(H)+2 (Vdown) = 9.25m
SB2 to (T6, T7, T8, T9, F3, F4) = 0.5 (Vup)+ 6+ 3x(1.75x2) = 17m

Total Length of casing capping = 1+7.75+22.75+9.25+17=57.75 ≅ 58 Consider

10% wastage, Total Length of casing capping = 58+5.8= 63.8 ≅ 64mUsing thumb
rule,
Total length of Phase & neutral wire (1.5 mm2) for lighting sub-circuit,
= 3 times length of casing capping + 10% extra
= 3 (58) + 10% = 174 + 17.4 = m 192 m
Material Required:

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2) A commercial hall of dimensions 12m x 8m is to be fitted with an electric installation.

Estimate the quantity of material required. Assume the height of ceiling to be 4m. The wiringis
running at a height of 3m from the floor. The load in the hall is 12 fluorescent lamps of40W each, 6
fans of 60 W each and 8 no. of 5 A sockets and 2 no. of 15 A socket outlets. (S22)6 mark

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ANS:

Arrangement of Tubes, Fans, sockets, MS, MDB, SBs

Layout of sub circuit

1) Total Load
a) Lighting & Fan:
12 Fluorescent tubes each of 40 W =12x40= 840 W06
Fans each of 60 W = 06x40 = 240 W
08 No. of 5 Amp Sockets = 08 x 100 = 800WL & F Total=1880 W
b) Power Load:
02 No. of 15 Amp sockets = 02x1000=2000 W
Total =1880+2000= 3880 W

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2) No. of Sub circuits
a) Lighting & Fan Load:
Total no. of L & F points 26 and wattage 1880 W As per no. of points 26/10 = 2.6 means
3 sub circuitsAs per wattage 1880/800 = 2.35 means 3 sub circuitsSo for L & F there will
be 3 sub circuits
b) Power Load:
Total no. of power points 02 and wattage 2000 W
As per no. of points 02/02 = 1 sub circuit
As per wattage 2000/3000 = 0.66 means 1 sub circuit So for power there will be 1 sub
circuit
Hence total 03+01= 04 Sub circuits.
Sub circuit wise Load distribution
Sub circuit No. and Tube Fan 5 A Socket 15 A
Switch boards Socket
L & F sub circuit No. T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6 F1,F2 S1,S2 ----
I – SB1 and SB2
L & F sub circuit No. T7,T8,T9 F3,F4 S3,S4,S5 ----
II – SB 3 & SB4
L & F sub circuit No. T10, T11,T12 F5,F6 S6,S7,S8 ----
III – SB5 & SB6
Power Sub circuit no. ---- ---- ---- P1, P2
IV – P1 & P2

1) Sizes of wire
Sub circuit No. Wire
L & F sub circuit No. I, II,III 1/1.40mm, 1.5 mm2Aluminium conductor or
equivalent

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2
Power Sub circuit no. IV 1/1.80mm, 2.5 mm Aluminum conductor or
equivalent
Energy meter-Main switch- 1/2.24mm, 4 mm2 Aluminum conductor or equivalent
Main Distribution board

1) Rating of main switch (MS) and Main distribution board (MDB)

Main Switch (MS)- ICDP, 36 Amp, 250 V
Main distribution board (MDB)- 4 way, 15 Amp per way, 250 V

Assumptions:
Wiring is casing capping type
Height of EM-MS-MDB from floor- 2m
Height of switch boards from floor-1.5 m

3) Calculation of length of casing capping

=1+1.5+1.5+1+8+(3x2)+(1x3)+(3x2)+1+1.5 +4+1.5+1+8+(2x3)+1+1.5
+4+1.5+1+8+(2x3)+(1x3)+1+1.5
=79.5m  80 m + Add 20% extra
= 80 m +16 m= 96 m  Say 100 m
4) Calculation of length of wire for L & F circuit

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(i) Sub circuit No.I
(a) Phase wire for Sub circuit No I:
Switch board 1 controls socket S1, Tubes T3, T5
& T6 and fan F2. Switch board 2 controls socket
S2, Tubes T1, T2 & T4 and fan F1.
=1+1.5+1.5+(1.5x5) +(1x5)+(2x5)+(1x3)+(1x2)+(2x2)+(1x2)+(1x6.5)
+(4x2.5)+(4x2)+(1x2)+(1x3)+(1x3)+(1x2) = 72m
(b) Neutral wire for Sub circuit No I
= 1+1.5+1.5+1+8+(2x6)+(1x3)+1+1.5=30.5m
(ii) Sub circuit No.II
Switch board 3 controls sockets S3 & S4, Tubes T8
& T9 and fan F4. Switch board 4 controls socket S5,
Tubes T7 and fan F3.
(a) Phase wire for Sub circuit No II
=1+5.5+1.5+(4x1.5)+(4x1)+(4x2)+(1x2)+(2x2)
+(1x2)+(1x4)+(1x2.5)+(2x2.5)+(2x2)+(1x2)
= 51.5 m
(b) Neutral wire for Sub circuit No II
=1+1.5+4+1.5+1+8+2.5+6 =25.5 m
(ii) Sub circuit No.III
Switch board 5 controls sockets S6 & S7, Tubes
T11, T12 and fan F6. Switch board 6 controls socket
S8, Tubes T10 and fan F5.
(a) Phase wire for Sub circuit No III
=1+5.5+4+1.5+(4x1.5)+(4x1)+(4x2)+(1x3)+(2x2)

+(1x3)+(1x4)+(1x2.5)+(2x2.5)+(2x2)+(1x3)
= 58.5 m
(b) Neutral wire for Sub circuit No II
=1+1.5+4+4+1.5+1+8+2.5+(3x3) =32.5 m
Total for L & F circuit

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=72+30.5+51.5+25.5+58.5+32.5
=270.5m + add 20% extra
=270.5 +54.1
=324.6 m  Say 325 m
5) Calculation of length of wire for power circuit
Phase and neutral
=2 x (1+1.5+4+1.5+4+1.5)
=(2 x 13.5) = 27m add 20 % extra
=27+5.4=32.4  Say 33m
6) Earth wire calculation (14 No. SWG)
=2+1+1.5+1.5+1+8+2.5+4+1.5+8+2.5+4+1.5+8+2.5
=49.5 + add 20% extra
=49.5+9.9 =59.4  Say 60m

Schedule of material:

Sr. Quantity
Description of the material Unit
No. required
1 ICDP, Main switch, 36A, 250V 1 No.
2 MDB, 4 way, 15 A per way, 250 V 1 No.
3 PVC casing capping 100 m
1/1.40mm, 1.5 mm2 Aluminium conductor or
4 325 m
equivalent
1/1.80mm, 2.5 mm2 Aluminum conductor or
5 33 m
equivalent
1/2.24mm, 4 mm2 Aluminum conductor or
6 1 m
equivalent
7 5A socket 8 No.
8 5 A switch 26 No.
9 15A socket 2 No.

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10 15 A switch 2 No.
11 14 No. GI wire for earthing 60 m
12 Ceiling rose 18 No.
 Comparison between residential and commercial wiring.

S.No Basis Residential Wiring Commercial Wiring

1 Load capacity Less High

2 Input Supply Generally single phase Generally 3 phase

3 Purpose Domestic purpose Commercial purpose

4 Type of Load Lighting load is more, power Power load is more,

load is less. lighting load is less.
5 Distribution Bus bar chamber is not Bus bar chamber is
required. required.
6 Safety precautions It is not public place so as per It is public place so fuse
our convenience fuse MCB MCB, MCCB should be
can be used. compulsory used.
7 Sub-circuit The lighting sub-circuit and The lighting sub-circuit
power sub-circuit are and power sub-circuit are
separated separated
8 Power factor There is no need of power If the power factor is poor
improvement factor improvement device then there is need of
power factor improving
device
9 Caution There is no need of caution If supply voltage is equal
notice for residential to or more then 400V then
installation there is need of caution
notice

 Service connection:

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It is the input conductor or wire which is carried out from supply company (authorities) pole
to consumer’s main board or premises.

 Types of service connection:

1) Overhead service connection

i) Single phase service connection

ii) Three phase service connection OR

1. Overhead service connection with Bare conductor

2.Overhead service connection with weather proof cable

2) Underground service connection

1)Overhead service connection:

Explanation:

 Bare over head conductors are used for the service line when the consumer premises are
more than 45 meter away from the supplier’s distribution pole.

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 This over head connection is provided with by means of PVC or whether proof cable.

 The GI wire is stretched between the pole and the GI pipe which is fixed near to the building.

 With the help of GI wire ( 8 SWG) whether proof cable is laid byusing the ring (bobbin)
insulator.

 For supporting the GI pipe stay wire and stay Bow is used.
 The minimum height of the service wire from the ground level is according to
IE rule i. e 5.7 meter from the ground level for low voltage.

 List the material required to provide overhead (O.H) service

connection

1) Meter board location.

To calculate the material quantity required for an overhead service connection with a distance of 7.5
meters between the supply service pole and the meter board location, we need to consider the
following materials:
2) Service Drop Cable: This cable connects the supply service pole to the meter board location.
The length required will be the distance between the two points, i.e., 7.5 meters.
3) Messenger Wire: The messenger wire provides support and stability for the service drop
cable. The length required will also be 7.5 meters.
Pole Bracket: This bracket is used to secure the service drop cable to the supply service pole.
4) Insulators: Insulators are used to isolate and secure the service drop cable to the messenger
wire and pole bracket.
5) Service Entrance Conduit: This conduit protects the service drop cable and messenger wire
from environmental factors. The length required will be the distance between the supply service
pole and the meter board location, plus some additional length for bends and connections.

OR

1) By using weather proof PVC Cable:

1. 4 Sqmm x 2 core PVC insulated cable or insulated wire 70 mtr length : (Size of cable is

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depends on load 3 KW. & length of cable is depends on service connection premises)
2. S shaped G I pipe 50 mm diameter 5 m

3. Earth wire 8 SWG 70 m

4. Meter board 01 Nos.

5. Stay wire 3 m

6. Stay insulator 01 Nos.

7. cement 01 Bag

8. sand 01 Bag

9. Pipe clamp 03 Nos

10. GI pipe 01 No

11. Saddles for pipe fitting Lumsum

12. Screw required for pipe fitting Lumsum

13. Earthing sundry

14. Earthing plate 01 Nos

15. SWG GI Wire

16. Brass nut bolt 02 Nos

b) Underground service connection:

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Explanation:

 Generally for thickly populated cities or for factory premises underground service
connection is preferred.
 Normallyundergroundcableislaid1meterbelowthegroundlevel.
 For laying of cable, cable trench is used and with the help of bricks and sand cable is laid.
 In underground service connection armoured or unarmoured cables are used according to
requirement.
 Service cable is connected to the distribution line through a cable joint box, mounted on
the supplier’s distribution pole.
If the proper protection against mechanical damage is to be provided then it is run through GI pipe
or MS pipe

 Various components of service connection for underground

connection.
1. 2.5 Sqmm, 4 core Armored cable: (Size of cable is depends on load 1.5 KW. &
length of cable is depends on service connection premises)
2. Brick, soft sand for protection of cable.

3. If cable is laid across the public road then Cement pipe, DWC pipe or GI pipe is
required for better protection of cable
4. Cable lug as per required size.

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5. Cable Gland as per required size

6. Feeder piller or cable box or bus bar and cable end box.

7. GI pipe as required size.

8. Cable bushing.

9. 8 SWG Wire

10. Clamps, saddles etc

11. As such all service connection material like main switch, MCB, Energy meter, Neutral
link, IC cut out, earthing nut, screws, and wooden board. Etc

 Advantages and disadvantages of underground service connection

1. Repairing and maintenance is less

2. Appearance is good

3. Normally it is preferred for Residential commercial and Industrial consumers

4. Armored cables are preferred

5. More safety

6. Chances of lightning stroke are less

 Disadvantages of underground service connection

1. Cost is more

2. Repairing and maintenance is difficult.

3.Space required is more.

 Comparision between overhead and underground service connection

Q. Compare overhead and underground service connection on any eight points.

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Sr. Underground service

Basis Overhead service connection
No. connection
1 Location Small cities and villages Modern cities

2 Cost Cheaper Expensive

3 Safety Less More
No cable is visible, so
Appearance is poor and not so
4 Appearance aesthetic look of building is
good
not disturbed.
Identification of Very easy to repair and Very difficult to repair and
5
fault clear the fault. clear the fault.
Well insulated and armored
6 Cable Service cable is used
underground cable is used
It gets impacted by the There are fewer chances of
Environmental occurrences of environmental environmental attacks in an
7
Impact attacks (like lightning, underground system.
windstorm, thunderstorm).
8 Reliability Low reliability High reliability
Maintenance High as the service connection Low as the occurrence of
9
cost is prone to more no. of faults fault is very less
Overhead service lines can Underground service
interfere with connection does not
10 Interference
communication lines. interfere with
communication lines.

Important Questions

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1) List general requirements of electrical installation (any eight). -4 mark
2) State any four IE rules for electrical installation.2 marks
3) Write general rules for residential installation.4 marks
4) List the types of Internal wiring in residential installations
5) State the design consideration of electrical installation system for
residential/commercial building installation.-4 marks

6) For a residential building prepare the list of electrical wiring installation material
required along with electrical apparatus used in the residential building.6 marks
7) Explain the design consideration and guidelines for the electrical installation in commercial
building. 4marks
8) List any Four examples of Commercial Unit- 2 marks
9) Compare residential and commercial wiring. 2 or 4 marks
10) Explain overhead service connection with neat diagram.-4 marks
11) Explain underground service connection with neat diagram.-4 marks
12) Compare overhead and underground service connection on any eight points.-4 m
13) Numerical on to calculate total lighting sub circuit and power sub circuit -4 marks
14 Numerical on residential installation-6marks
15) Numerical on commercial installation -6 marks

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