INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 17231
IULTCS/IUP 37
Second edition
2017-08
Leather — Physical and mechanical
tests — Determination of water
repellency of garment leather
Cuir — Essais physiques et mécaniques — Détermination de la
résistance au mouillage superficiel des cuirs pour vêtements
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ISO 17231:2017
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Reference numbers
ISO 17231:2017(E)
IULTCS/IUP 37:2017(E)
© ISO 2017
ISO 17231:2017(E)
IULTCS/IUP 37:2017(E)
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ISO 17231:2017
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ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
ISO 17231:2017(E)
IULTCS/IUP 37:2017(E)
Contents Page
Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... iv
1 Scope.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references....................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
4 Principle......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
5 Apparatus...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
6 Sampling and sample preparation..................................................................................................................................................... 3
7 Procedure..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
8 Expression of results......................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
9 Test report.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Annex A (normative) ISO photographic scale.............................................................................................................................................. 6
Annex B (informative) Sources of apparatus................................................................................................................................................ 7
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ISO 17231:2017(E)
IULTCS/IUP 37:2017(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
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This document was prepared by the Physical Test Commission of the International Union of Leather
Technologists and Chemists Societies (IUP Commission, ISO 17231:2017
IULTCS) in collaboration with the European
Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 289, Leather, the secretariat of
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which is held by UNI, in accordance with theaf5cb04f27f5/iso-17231-2017
Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN
(Vienna Agreement).
It is based on IUP 37 published in J. Soc. Leather Tech. Chem., 86(7), p. 339, 2002, and declared an official
method of the IULTCS in May 2003.
IULTCS, originally formed in 1897, is a world-wide organization of professional leather societies to
further the advancement of leather science and technology. IULTCS has three Commissions, which
are responsible for establishing international methods for the sampling and testing of leather. ISO
recognizes IULTCS as an international standardizing body for the preparation of test methods for
leather.
This second edition replaces the first edition, ISO 17231:2006. Editorial changes have been made to
Clauses 5, 7, 9a, 9e, Annex A and Annex B.
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17231:2017(E)
IULTCS/IUP 37:2017(E)
Leather — Physical and mechanical tests — Determination
of water repellency of garment leather
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for determining the repellency of leather to surface wetting. It is
applicable to all leathers intended for use in clothing. The method does not determine the resistance of
leather to water penetration.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2418, Leather — Chemical, physical and mechanical and fastness tests — Sampling location
ISO 2419, Leather — Physical and mechanical tests — Sample preparation and conditioning
ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test methods
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3 Terms and definitions (standards.iteh.ai)
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
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ISO and IEC maintain terminologicalaf5cb04f27f5/iso-17231-2017
databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
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3.1
spray rating
measure of the resistance of the surface of a leather to wetting
4 Principle
A specified volume of distilled or deionized water is sprayed onto a test piece, which has been mounted
on a ring and placed at an angle of 45° so that the centre of the test piece is at a specified distance below
the spray nozzle. The spray rating is determined by comparing the appearance of the test piece with
descriptive and photographic standards. The mass of water absorbed by the test piece is determined by
weighing before and after applying the water spray.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Test machine, including the parts described in 5.2 to 5.4.
NOTE An example of a suitable apparatus available commercially is given in Annex B.
5.2 Spray device, as shown in Figure 1, consisting of a funnel, diameter 150 mm ± 2 mm, held vertically
with a metal spray nozzle (5.3) connected to the end of the stem by flexible tubing of bore about 10 mm.
The overall distance from the top of the funnel to the bottom of the nozzle is 190 mm ± 2 mm.
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Dimensions in millimetres
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Key
1 glass funnel ∅ 150 ± 2
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2 ring support ISO 17231:2017
3 rubber tubing https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/44acecbb-a3b9-479e-88bd-
4 spray nozzle af5cb04f27f5/iso-17231-2017
5 stand
6 specimen
7 specimen holder
8 support (e.g. wood)
Figure 1 — Apparatus for spray test
5.3 Metal spray nozzle, as shown in Figure 2, with approximate diameter of 33 mm, having a convex
face with 19 holes of 0,9 mm ± 0,05 mm diameter distributed over the face of the nozzle. The duration of
flow for 250 ml ± 5 ml of distilled or deionized water poured into the funnel shall be 27,5 s ± 2,5 s.
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ISO 17231:2017(E)
IULTCS/IUP 37:2017(E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 12 holes ∅ 0,9 ± 0,05 on a circle ∅ 21,4 ± 0,05
2 6 holes ∅ 0,9 ± 0,05 on a circle ∅ 10 ± 0,05
3 1 hole ∅ 0,9 ± 0,05 on centre
Figure 2 — Spray nozzle
5.4 Test piece holder, consisting of two metal rings which fit into each other. The inner ring is fixed,
with an outside diameter of 150 mm ± 2 mm. The outer ring is adjustable so that the internal diameter
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can be reduced to 150 mm to allow the test piece to be securely clamped between the two rings. When in
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position for testing, the rings rest on a suitable support so that the test piece is at an angle of 45,0° ± 2,5°,
with the centre of the clamped area 150 mm ± 2 mm below the centre of the face of the metal nozzle.
ISO 17231:2017
5.5 Balance, reading to 0,001 g.
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5.6 Distilled or deionized water, conforming to the requirements of grade 3 of ISO 3696.
6 Sampling and sample preparation
6.1 Sample in accordance with ISO 2418. Cut three square test pieces of side 182 mm ± 2 mm ensuring
that they are taken from areas free from any holes or other damage.
NOTE 1 It may be necessary to trim the wool if a woolled sheepskin is being tested to allow secure clamping of
the test piece.
NOTE 2 If there is a requirement for more than two hides or skins to be tested in one batch, then only one
sample need be taken from each hide or skin, provided that the overall total is not less than three test pieces.
6.2 Condition the test pieces in accordance with ISO 2419.
6.3 Weigh the test piece to the nearest 0,001 g.
6.4 Carry out all further operations at a temperature of 20 °C ± 2 °C or 23 °C ± 2 °C. There is no need for
further humidity control.
7 Procedure
7.1 Mount the test piece securely on the test piece holder (5.4) with the face of the leather which would
be exposed in wear uppermost. Place the test piece holder in position below the spray nozzle.
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IULTCS/IUP 37:2017(E)
7.2 Pour 250 ml ± 5 ml of distilled or deionized water (5.6) at the controlled temperature (6.4) into the
funnel quickly but steadily so that the spraying is continuous once it has commenced.
7.3 Immediately after the spraying has ceased, remove the holder and test piece and tap two
diametrically opposite points of the frame against a solid object, with the plane of the leather almost
horizontal and the tested surface downwards.
7.4 Assign to the test piece the spray rating on either the following descriptive scale or the photographic
scale in Annex A which best describes the degree of wetting. Intermediate ratings are not to be attempted.
1) Wetting of the whole of the sprayed surface.
2) Wetting of half of the sprayed surface. This usually occurs through the merging of small, discrete
wetted areas.
3) Wetting of the sprayed surface only as small discrete areas.
4) No wetting of, but adherence of small drops to, the sprayed surface.
5) No wetting of and no adherence of small drops to the sprayed surface.
7.5 Examine the reverse side of the test piece and note any wetting.
7.6 Remove the test piece from the holder, blot gently to remove any water droplets which still adhere
and re-weigh to the nearest 0,001 g.
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8 Expression of results
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Calculate the mass of water absorbed, mw, in grams ISO 17231:2017
and the percentage of water absorbed, w, using the
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mw = m2 − m1
( m2 − m1 )
w= × 100 %
m1
where
m1 is the initial mass of the test piece, in grams;
m2 is the mass of the test piece after the test, in grams.
9 Test report
The test report shall include the following for each test piece:
a) a reference to this document; i.e. ISO 17231;
b) the spray rating (7.4);
c) the mass of water absorbed, mw, in grams;
d) the percentage of water absorbed, w;
e) the standard atmosphere used for conditioning and testing as given in ISO 2419;
f) any deviations from the method specified in this document;
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g) full details for identification of the sample and any deviations from ISO 2418 with respect to
sampling.
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