SHALOM PRIMARYSCHOOL

PRI
MARYFIVESCIENCELESSONNOTES2020
PREPAREDBYTROTI M DEMOUSSHALOM
Tel
:0772356494
TERM ITOPI
CS
1.Keepi
ngpoul
tr
yandbees
2.Measur
ement
3.I
mmuni
zat
ion
4.Thedi
gest
ivesy
stem
Lesson1Week1
POULTRYKEEPI
NG
Keyt
ermsusedi
npoul
tr
y
Poul
tr
yist
her
ear
ingofdomest
icbi
rds(
fowl
s).
Poul
tr
yar
edomest
icbi
rds.
Exampl
esofpoul
tr
y
i
. Chi
cken i
v. Tur
key
s
i
i
. Ducks v
. Gui
neaf
owl
i
i
i. Pi
geons

REASONSWHYFARMERSKEEPPOULTRY
i
. Foreggpr
oduct
ion
i
i
. Formeat(
Chi
cken)pr
oduct
ion
i
i
i. Forsel
ltogetmoney(
fami
l
yincome)
Ot
herusesofpoul
tr
y
Togetf
eat
her
sfordi
ff
erentpur
posese.
g.maki
ngpi
l
lows,decor
ati
on,danci
ngpr
opes,
cushi
ons.
Somebi
rdsar
ekeptaspet
sinhomese.
g.peacocks,
hens,
par
rot
s.
Sour
ceoff
army
ardmanur
efr
om t
hedr
oppi
ngs.
EXTERNALPARTSOFACOCK

LESSON2
I
mpor
tanceofeachpar
tonabi
rd
1. Spur-Forpr
otect
ion/def
ence
2. Beak/bi
ll
i
. Forpi
cki
ngf
ood
i
i
. Fordef
ence
i
i
i. Forbui
l
dingt
hei
rnest
s
i
v. Tocl
eani
tsel
fandar
rangei
tsf
eat
her
.(
preen)
 3.Toenai
ls(
claws)
i
.Toscr
atchf
orf
ood
i
i
.Fordef
ence
4.Combandwat
tl
e
i
.Fori
dent
if
icat
ion
5.Feat
her
s
i
.Fori
dent
if
icat
ion
i
i
.Forcour
tshi
p(at
tract
ingofopposi
tesexf
ormat
ing)i
ncaseofacock.
i
i
i.Topr
otectt
hedel
i
cat
eski
n
i
v.Tokeept
hebi
rdswar
m
v
.Fori
ncubat
ionofeggs.
v
i.Forbr
oodi
ngt
hei
ryoungones.
NB:
Cockshav
ebr
ightf
eat
her
sforcour
tshi
p(At
tract
ingofopposi
tesexf
ormat
ing)

STRUCTURESOFFEATHERS
Qui
llf
eat
her Cov
ertf
eat
her

Downf
eat
her Fi
lopl
ume

Pur
poseoft
heabov
efeat
her
s:
Qui
l
lfeat
her
s-Theyar
eusedf
orf
li
ght
Thebodyf
eat
her
s-Tokeept
hebi
rdwar
m
Downf
eat
her
s-Theyhel
pini
nsul
ati
ngt
hebi
rd
Fi
l
opl
umef
eat
her
s-Theykeept
hebi
rdwar
m
LESSON3
DI
FFERENCESBETWEENAHENANDACOCK
Acock AHen
i
. Hasal
argespur Hasasmal
lspur
i
i
. Hasal
argecomb Hasasmal
lcomb
i
i
i. Hasal
argewat
tl
e Hasasmal
lwat
tl
e
i
v. Doesnotl
ayeggs Lay
seggs
v
. Hasl
argeearl
obes Hassmal
learl
obes
v
i. Hasl
ongst
rongcl
aws Hassmal
lcl
aws
v
ii
. Hasal
argebeak Hasasmal
lbeak

NB:Obser
vet
her
ealbi
rd(
cockandhen)

BREEDSOFCHI
CKEN
Whati
sabr
eed?
Abr
eedi
sagr
oupofani
mal
wit
hspeci
fi
cchar
act
eri
sti
cs/behav
iour
s.
Gr
oupsofbr
eedsofchi
ckenkepti
nUganda
1.Local
breeds(
Indi
genous)
2.Exot
icbr
eeds(
Impor
ted/f
orei
gn)
NB:Exot
icbr
eedscanei
therbegr
oupedasheav
ybr
eedsorl
i
ghtbr
eeds.

Heav
ybr
eeds Li
ghtbr
eeds
i
. RhodeI
slandr
ed i
. Ancona
i
i
. NewHampshi
re i
i
. Mi
nor
ca
i
i
i. Or
pingt
on i
i
i. Li
ghtSussex
i
v. Whi
teLeghor
n
v
. Sky
ers

LOCALBREEDS
Adv
ant
agesofl
ocalbr
eedsofchi
cken(
indi
genous)
 Local
breedsar
eeasyt
omanage.
 Local
breedsar
eresi
stantt
otr
opi
cal
diseases.
 Local
breedsl
ookf
ort
hei
rownf
ood.
 Local
breedsi
ncubat
ethei
rowneggs.
 Theybr
oodt
hei
rownchi
cks.
 Theygetal
otofphy
sicalexer
cisesast
heymov
efr
om onepl
acet
oanot
herl
ooki
ng
f
orf
ood.
Di
sadv
ant
agesofkeepi
ngl
ocal
breedsofchi
cken
 Theygr
owv
erysl
owl
y
 Theyl
ayf
ewereggs.
Howt
oimpr
oveupont
hel
ocal
breedsofchi
cken
  Thr
oughcr
oss-
breedi
ngofl
ocal
breedswi
thexot
icbr
eedst
ogetahy
bri
d.
 Thr
oughsel
ect
ivebr
eedi
ng(
choosi
ngbr
eedsofgoodqual
i
ty)
.
 Thr
oughoutbr
eedi
ng–mat
ingofdi
ff
erentf
ami
l
iesoft
hesamebr
eed.
LESSON4
Adv
ant
agesofcr
oss-
breedi
ng
 Encour
agesf
astgr
owt
hinbi
rds
 Resul
tsi
ntomor
eeggsbei
ngl
aidbyt
heof
fspr
ing.
 I
mpr
ovesont
hepr
oduct
ivi
tyofpoul
tr
y.
Adv
ant
agesofkeepi
ngExot
icbr
eedsofchi
cken
 Exot
icbr
eedsgr
owv
eryf
ast
.
 Exot
icbr
eedsl
aymanyeggs.
Di
sadv
ant
agesofexot
icbr
eedsofchi
cken
 Exot
icbr
eedsar
enotr
esi
stantt
odi
seases.
 Theydonoti
ncubat
ethei
reggs.
 Theycannotl
ookf
ort
hei
rownf
ood.
 Exot
icbr
eedsar
eexpensi
veanddi
ff
icul
ttol
ookaf
ter
.
 Theycannotbr
oodt
hei
rownchi
cks.
Compar
ethel
ocalpoul
tr
ywi
thexot
icbr
eeds.

Ty
pesofchi
cken
Ther
ear
ethr
eemai
nty
pesofchi
ckenkepti
nUganda.
Lay
ers: Keptf
oreggpr
oduct
ion
Boi
ler
s: Keptf
ormeatpr
oduct
ion
DualPur
pose:
Keptf
orbot
hmeatandeggspr
oduct
ion.

FEEDI
NGOFPOULTRY
Chi
cksf
eedonchi
ckmash
Boi
l
ersf
eedonBoi
ler
s’mash
Lay
ersf
eedonl
ayer
s’mash
Gr
ower
sfeedonGr
ower
s’mash
Composi
ti
onofchi
ckenmash(
feeds)
 Si
l
verf
ish(
enkej
j
e)
 Bonemeal
 Commonsal
ts
 Mai
zemeal
 Seashel
l
s(r
ichi
ncal
cium f
ort
hest
ronggr
owt
hofbones)
Di
ff
erentt
ypesofbi
rdsar
efedonsuchf
eedsf
orapur
pose
i
. Lay
ers:Lay
ers’
mashmakest
hem t
olaymanyeggswi
thhar
deggshel
lasi
tsr
ich
i
ncal
cium.Thecal
cium al
sohel
pst
hem t
ost
rengt
hent
hei
rbones.
i
i
. Boi
ler
s’:Br
oil
ers’mashhasal
otofpr
otei
nswhi
chmakest
hebr
oil
erst
ogr
ow
 v
eryf
astandputonmor
ewei
ghti
nshor
tti
me.
i
i
i. Gr
ower
s’:Gr
ower
s’mashi
sver
yri
chi
npr
otei
nwhi
chmakest
hegr
ower
stogr
ow
v
eryf
astandwel
l
.
i
v. Chi
cks’mashi
ssof
tandeasyt
odi
gestbyt
hechi
cks’gut
.Iti
sri
chi
npr
otei
ns
whi
chmakest
hechi
ckst
ogr
owv
eryf
ast
.
Summar
ytabl
e
Ty
pesofchi
cken Food Age
i
. Chi
cks Chi
ckmash 0–4weeks
i
i
. Gr
ower
s Gr
ower
s’mash 4–16weeks
i
i
i. Br
oil
ers Br
oil
ers’
mash 4–8weeks
i
v. Lay
ers Lay
ers’
mash Ov
er16weeks
FEEDI
NGANDDRI
NKI
NGEQUI
PMENT

LESSON5
DI
GESTI
ONI
NBI
RDS
Di
gest
ioni
sthebr
eaki
ngdownoff
oodi
ntosmal
l
erpar
ti
cles.
Bi
rdshav
enot
eet
h
Theyhav
eahor
nybeak
Theyswal
l
owf
oodwhol
l
y(f
oodi
sswal
l
owedwhol
e)

ALI
MENTARYCANALOFBI
RDS

Funct
ionsofdi
ff
erentpar
tsoft
heal
i
ment
arycanal
ofbi
rd
1. Beak/bi
ll
:Isusedt
o:
  Pi
ckf
ood
 Br
eakf
oodi
ntosmal
l
erpi
ece
2. Gul
let(
Esophagus)
:Isusedt
ocar
ryf
oodf
rom t
hebr
eakt
othecr
op.
3. Cr
op:Sof
tens/moi
stenf
oodbef
orei
tispassedont
othest
omach
4. St
omach:Secr
etesdi
gest
iveenzy
mest
hatmi
xwi
thf
ood.
5. Gi
zzar
d:Cont
ainssmal
lst
ones(
gri
t)t
hatgr
ind(
crush)f
oodi
ntosmal
lpar
ti
cles.
6. smal
lint
est
ine:Fi
nal
digest
iont
akespl
ace.Wher
eabsor
pti
onoccur
s.
7. Col
on(
lar
gei
ntest
ines)
:Absor
pti
onofwat
ert
akespl
ace.
8. Caeca:St
oresundi
gest
edf
oodsr
emai
ntempor
ari
l
y.I
tiswher
ecel
l
ulosei
sact
ed
uponbybact
eri
a.
9. Vent
:al
l
owswast
es(
chi
ckendr
oppi
ngs)outoft
hebodyofabi
rd.

LESSON6
I
NCUBATI
ON
I
ncubat
ion:i
sapr
ocessbywhi
chf
ert
il
izedeggsar
egi
venf
avour
abl
econdi
ti
onsi
nor
dert
o
hat
chi
ntochi
cks.

Fav
our
abl
econdi
ti
onsf
oreggst
ohat
ch
 Goodt
emper
atur
e(war
mth)320C-380
 Rel
ati
vehumi
dit
y(moi
stur
e)of0%
 Goodv
ent
il
ati
on(
freeci
rcul
ati
onofai
r)
.
Reasonssomeeggsf
ailt
ohat
chev
eni
nthepr
esenceoff
avour
abl
econdi
ti
ons
 I
fanegghasdoubl
eyol
ks
 I
ncaseanegghasanabnor
mal
shape
 I
ncaseaneggi
stoosmal
li
nsi
ze.
 Whenanegghasnoai
rspace.
 I
fanegghasasof
teggshel
l
.
I
NCUBATI
ONPERI
OD
I
ncubat
ionper
iodi
sthet
imet
akenbyt
heeggst
ohat
chi
ntochi
cks.
I
ncubati
onper
iodoft
hef
oll
owi
ngbirds
Birds I
ncubati
onper
iod

Hens 21day
s

Ducks 28day
s

Tur
key
s 28day
s

Geese 30day
s

Pegi
ons 14day
s

LESSON7
Part
sofanegg
FUNCTI
ONSOFEACHPART
Eggshel
l: I
tpr
otect
sthei
nnereggcont
ent
.
 I
tismadeofmi
ner
alsal
tcal
l
edcal
cium
Chal
aza
I
tbal
ancest
hey
olki
nposi
ti
ont
ogetequal
temper
atur
edur
ingi
ncubat
ionper
iod.
Yol
k
I
tsuppl
i
esf
oodandmi
ner
alsal
tst
othegr
owi
ngchi
ck.
Weobt
ainpr
otei
nsf
rom t
hey
olk.
Al
bumen
I
tsuppl
i
eswat
erandot
herf
oodv
aluest
othegr
owi
ngchi
ck.
I
tal
l
owsoxy
genf
rom t
heai
rspacet
opasst
hrought
othegr
owi
ngchi
ckandcar
bondi
oxi
de
f
rom t
hegr
owi
ngchi
ckt
odi
ff
uset
oai
rspace.

LESSON8
TYPESOFI
NCUBATI
ON
i
. Nat
ural
incubat
ion
i
i
. Ar
ti
fi
cial
incubat
ion

AnI
ncubat
or(
Art
if
ici
alI
ncubat
ion)

Nat
urali
ncubat
ion
I
nnat
urali
ncubat
iont
hebr
oodyhenpr
ovi
desal
lthenecessar
ycondi
ti
onsasi
tsi
tsont
he
eggsf
or21day
s.
Abr
oodyhencani
ncubat
ebet
ween15–20eggsatonce.
Adv
ant
agesofnat
ural
incubat
ion
 Li
tt
leornoat
tent
ioni
spai
dtoani
ncubat
inghen.
 Chi
cksgetcar
efr
om t
hemot
herhen.
 I
tischeapandeasyt
omanagebyt
hepoul
tr
yfar
mer
.
 Ther
eisnobot
herwi
thbr
oodi
ngt
hechi
cks.
Di
sadv
ant
agesofnat
ural
incubat
ion
 Fewchi
ckscanbehat
chedatonce.
 Thehenmaygetdi
seasesandpar
asi
tesatanear
lyst
age.
 Thehenmaynotbegoodati
ncubat
ion.
 Nat
ural
broodi
ngi
snotv
eryef
fect
ivef
orcommer
cial
product
ion.
Ar
ti
fi
ciali
ncubat
ion
Ar
ti
fi
ci
ali
ncubat
ioni
sthet
ypeofi
ncubat
ionwher
etheeggsar
eputi
nsi
deani
ncubat
ort
o
hat
chi
ntochi
cks.
NB:I
nani
ncubat
ort
hecondi
ti
onsf
orhat
chi
ngl
i
ket
emper
atur
e,humi
dit
yar
emai
ntai
nedat
goodl
evel
atal
lti
mes.
Adv
ant
agesofar
ti
fi
cial
incubat
ion
  Maneggscanbehat
chedatonce.
 I
tcanbeusedf
orcommer
cial
pur
poses.
 I
tdoesnotr
equi
ret
hepr
esenceofbr
oodyhen.
 Di
seasescanbeeasi
l
ycont
rol
l
ed.
LESSON9AND10
Di
sadv
ant
agesofar
ti
fi
cial
incubat
ion
 Ar
ti
fi
cial
incubat
ioni
sexpensi
ve
 I
trequi
resconst
antsuper
visi
on
 I
tneedsexper
torski
l
ledat
tent
ionandcar
e.
Week2
BROODI
NG
Br
oodi
ngi
sgi
vi
ngspeci
alcar
eandat
tent
iont
ochi
cksbel
ow8weeks.
Ty
pesofbr
oodi
ng
Ther
ear
emai
nlyt
wot
ypesofbr
oodi
ngnamel
y;
i
. Nat
ural
broodi
ng
i
i
. Ar
ti
fi
cial
broodi
ng
Nat
uralbr
oodi
ng:I
swher
ethebr
oodi
nghencar
esf
orherchi
cks.
 I
tpr
ovi
dest
hechi
ckswi
thsecur
it
y,war
mthandf
ood.
Adv
ant
agesofnat
ural
broodi
ng
 Thebr
oodyhenpr
ovi
dest
hechi
ckswi
thf
oodot
hert
hant
hef
armer
.
 I
tsav
est
hef
armerf
rom expensesofbuy
inganar
ti
fi
cial
brooder
.
 Nat
ural
broodi
ngi
scheapt
othef
armer
.
Di
sadv
ant
agesofnat
ural
broodi
ng
 Chi
ckscaneasi
l
ydi
eifpoor
lypr
otect
ed.
 Chi
ckscaneasi
l
ybeki
l
ledbywi
l
dani
mal
sli
keki
tes,
eagl
es,
wil
dcat
s,moni
torl
i
zar
ds
et
c.
Ar
ti
fi
cialbr
oodi
ng:I
swher
ethechi
cksar
ekepti
nabr
ooder
.

BROODER
Abr
ooderi
saspeci
alst
ruct
urewher
efar
mer
skeept
hei
rchi
cksbel
ow8weeks.
Ty
pesofbr
ooder
s
Ther
ear
evar
ioust
ypesofbr
ooder
snamel
y:
-
1.
Inf
ra-
redl
ampbr
ooder
:Iswher
ethei
nfr
a-r
edl
amppr
ovi
desheatandl
i
ghtener
gy.
Feedi
nganddr
inki
ngt
roughsar
ekepti
nsi
det
hebr
ooder
.
Li
tt
eri
sputont
hef
loort
omakechi
ckswar
m andmor
ecomf
ort
abl
e.
Di
agr
am ofani
nfr
a-r
edbr
ooder
Adv
ant
agesofani
nfr
a-r
edl
ampbr
ooder
 Chi
cksar
esaf
e
 War
mthi
nful
l
ypr
ovi
ded
 Chi
cksar
epr
otect
edf
rom par
asi
tesanddi
seases.
 Chi
cksar
egi
venenoughf
oodandwat
er.
 Thel
i
tterpour
edont
heont
hef
loormakest
hechi
cksf
eel
comf
ort
abl
e.
Di
sadv
ant
agesoft
hei
nfr
a-r
edl
amp
i
. I
tisexpensi
vet
obuy
i
i
. Ther
ecanbef
oodpoi
soni
ng
i
i
i. Thi
ssy
stem cannotbeusedi
npl
aceswher
ether
eisnoel
ect
ri
cit
y.
i
v. I
tisdi
ff
icul
ttocont
rol
diseaseout
break.
v
. I
ncaseofpowerf
ail
ure,
chi
cksmaydi
eofcol
dness.
2Ker
osene(
ker
osenebr
ooder
)
I
nthi
ssy
stem aker
osenel
ampi
susedt
opr
ovi
dewar
mthandl
i
ght
.Thi
slampi
sputona
r
aisedgr
oundandont
hef
loororl
ampabov
ethechi
cks.
Char
coalbr
ooder
I
nthi
ssy
stem achar
coal
stov
eisusedt
opr
ovi
de(
war
mth/heat
)andl
i
ght
.
Adv
ant
agesofachar
coalbr
ooder
 I
tischeapsi
ncechar
coal
iseasi
l
ygot
.
 I
tcanev
enbeusedi
nrur
alar
easwi
thoutel
ect
ri
cit
y.
Di
sadv
ant
agesofachar
coalbr
ooder
 I
tpr
ovi
desal
otofsmoke
 Thel
i
tterpour
edont
hef
loorcaneasi
l
ycat
chf
ir
e.
Ot
herexampl
esofar
ti
fi
cialbr
ooderar
e:-
 Hotwat
erpi
pebr
ooder
 Gasbr
ooder
Di
sadv
ant
agesoft
heabov
ebr
ooder
 Theyar
eexpensi
vet
ouse
 Theyr
equi
real
otofski
l
lsandknowl
edge.
LESSON11
SYSTEMSOFKEEPI
NGPOULTRY
Ther
ear
efoursy
stemsofkeepi
ngpoul
tr
y
 Fr
eer
angesy
stem (
opensy
stem)
 Deepl
i
ttersy
stem
 Thecage(
bat
ter
y)sy
stem
 Thear
t/f
old/pensy
stem
1. Fr
eer
angesy
stem
Fr
eer
angesy
stem i
swher
ebi
rdsar
eal
l
owedt
omov
e(r
oam)aboutt
olookf
orf
oodbut
shel
teri
spr
ovi
dedt
othem.
Adv
ant
agesoff
reer
angesy
stem
 Bi
rdseatav
ari
etyoff
oods
 Bi
rdsl
ookf
ort
hei
rownf
ood
 Fr
eer
angesy
stem i
scheapt
omai
ntai
n
 I
treducesl
abourt
othef
armer
.
Di
sadv
ant
agesoff
reer
angesy
stem
 Bi
rdscaneasi
l
ygetl
ost
 Theeggscaneasi
l
ygetl
ostandar
edi
ff
icul
ttocol
l
ect
.
 Thebi
rdscaneasi
l
ybeeat
enbywi
l
dani
mal
sli
keki
tes,
eagl
escat
set
c.
 Eggsbecomedi
rt
yeasi
l
y
 I
tisdi
ff
icul
ttocont
rol
diseasesandpest
spar
asi
tes.

2. Fol
d/Ar
k/Opensy
stem
I
swher
eal
i
mit
ednumberofbi
rdsar
ekepti
nasmal
lmov
eabl
ehousecal
l
edaf
old/pen/
ar
k.
 Bi
rdsl
ayt
hei
reggsi
nthepens/f
olds/ar
ks.
 Thesef
oldsar
emov
edf
rom onepl
acet
oanot
herev
eryday(
dai
l
y)
 Thef
oldi
smadeofwood,
wir
emeshandst
ickst
iedt
oget
her
.
STRUCTUREOFAPEN

Adv
ant
agesoft
hepensy
stem
 I
tischeapt
omai
ntai
ncompar
edt
ocagesy
stem ordeepl
i
ttersy
stem.
 Manur
eisev
enl
ydi
str
ibut
edont
hef
arm.
 Bi
rdsar
erest
ri
ctedi
nmov
ement
 Bi
rdscaneasi
l
ygetv
itami
nsandsunl
i
ght
.
Di
sadv
ant
agesoft
hepensy
stem
  I
tismor
eexpensi
vet
hanf
reer
angesy
stem
 Thef
oldseasi
l
ygetol
dandbr
eakduet
oconst
antmov
ement
sfr
om onepl
acet
o
anot
her
.
 Bi
rdsar
eeasi
l
ybor
edsi
ncet
hei
rmov
ementi
srest
ri
ctedt
othei
rfol
d/pen.
 Mor
elandi
sneededt
oshi
ftt
hef
olds.
 Muchl
abouri
sneededt
omov
ethef
oldsdai
l
y.
LESSON12
3. Deepl
it
tersy
stem
I
sasy
stem wher
ethebi
rdsar
ekepti
nahouset
hroughout
.
 Thef
eedsandwat
erar
egi
vent
othebi
rdsi
nsi
det
hehouse.
 Li
tt
eri
sputont
hef
loort
okeept
hebi
rdswar
m amongot
her
s.
 Thehousei
swel
ll
itt
oal
l
owt
hebi
rdst
ofeedconst
ant
ly.
Adv
ant
agesoft
hedeepl
it
tersy
stem
 Thel
i
tterpour
edont
hef
loorcanbeusedasmanur
e.
 Bi
rdsar
epr
otect
edf
rom t
hiev
esandwi
l
dani
mal
se.
g.wi
l
dcat
s.
 Manybi
rdscanbekepti
nasmal
lhouse.
 Cl
eaneggsar
ecol
l
ect
ed.
 Thi
ssy
stem canbeusedf
oral
lst
agesofbi
rds.
 Bi
rdscannotgetl
ostast
hei
rmov
ementi
scont
rol
l
ed.
Di
sadv
ant
agesofdeepl
it
tersy
stem
 I
tencour
agesv
icese.
g.eggeat
ing,
canni
bal
i
sm,
toepecki
nget
c.
 Li
tt
ercanbeaf
ir
ehazar
d(caneasi
l
ycat
chf
ir
e).
 I
tismor
eexpensi
vet
hanf
reer
angesy
stem.
 Thel
i
ttercanhar
bor(
keep)pest
sandpar
asi
tes.
Component
sofl
it
ter(
whatl
it
teri
smadeof
)
Cof
feehusks,
woodshav
ings,
ricehusks,
crushedmai
zecubsandsawdust
.
I
mpor
tanceofl
it
ter
 Pr
ovi
dewar
mthf
ort
hebi
rds
 Pr
eventt
heeggsf
rom br
eaki
ngast
heyar
elai
d.
 Li
tt
erpr
ovi
desheatt
hatki
l
lspar
asi
tes/ger
ms.
 Li
tt
ergotf
rom t
hehousecanbeusedasmanur
ebycr
opf
armer
s.
LESSON13
Di
sadv
ant
agesofl
it
ter
i
. Li
tt
erhar
bor
spar
asi
tes
i
i
. Li
tt
eri
saf
ir
ehazar
d.
Bat
ter
y(cage)sy
stem
I
nthi
ssy
stem,
bir
dsar
ekepti
nsepar
atecages.
 I
tisnotcommonl
yusedi
nUganda.
 Eachcagehasoneort
wobi
rdsputout
sidet
hecages.
 Thi
senabl
espeopl
etof
eedt
hebi
rdseasi
l
yandr
educecont
ami
nat
ionoff
eedsby
 t
hebi
rdst
hemsel
ves.
 Cagescanal
sobeconst
ruct
edi
nrows/oneabov
etheot
her
.
 Thecageshoul
dhav
egoodv
ent
il
ati
on.

ADI
AGRAM SHOWI
NGACAGE

Adv
ant
agesofbat
ter
ysy
stem
i
. Di
seasesanddi
seasedbi
rdsar
eeasyt
oident
if
y
i
i
. I
tiseasyt
oident
if
yabi
rdt
hatdoesnotl
ayeggs.
i
i
i. Bi
rdsar
ever
yeasyt
ocont
rol
.
i
v. Theyar
epr
otect
edf
rom t
hiev
esandwi
l
dani
mal
s.
v
. Far
mer
scangetmanur
eeasi
l
y.
v
i. Ther
ear
elesspoul
tr
yvi
cest
hani
nthedeepl
i
ttersy
stem.

LESSON14
Di
sadv
ant
agesofbat
ter
ysy
stem
i
. Al
otofmoneyi
sneededt
ost
art(
soi
tisv
eryexpensi
ve)
i
i
. Bi
rdsdonoteatwhenev
ert
heyneedt
o.
i
i
i. Bi
rdsneedmuchat
tent
ion.
Poul
tr
ydi
seases
i
. Cocci
diosi
s i
i
i. Fowl
typhoi
d v
i. Av
ianl
eucosi
s
i
i
. New Cast
le i
v. Fowl
pox v
ii
. Sal
monel
l
osi
s
di
sease v
. Gumbr
odi
seases v
ii
i. Wor
ms
Di
seasescausedbyav
irus
i
. Newcast
ledi
seases
i
i
. Fowl
pox
i
i
i. Gumbr
odi
sease
Poul
tr
ydi
seases
1. Cocci
diosi
s
I
scausedbypr
otozoa.
Si
gnsofCocci
diosi
s
  Ruf
fl
edf
eat
her
s
 Yel
l
owi
sh–Whi
tedi
arr
hoea
 Chi
cksar
ethi
nandnotl
i
vel
y.
 Bl
oodst
ained(
faeces)dr
oppi
ngs.
 Chi
ckscr
owdt
oget
her
 Dul
l
nessanddr
oopi
ngofwi
ngs.
Pr
event
ionofCocci
diosi
s
 Putdr
ugsi
nfoodandwat
erf
ort
hebi
rds
 Shoul
dkeepal
lthef
eedi
ngt
roughscl
ean
 I
sol
ateorki
l
linf
ect
edbi
rds.
 Keept
hebr
ooderandt
hear
easar
oundcl
eananddr
y.

2. Newcast
ledi
sease
Causedbyav
irus
Si
gnsofNewcast
ledi
seases
 Di
ff
icul
tyi
nbr
eat
hing,
coughi
ng,
sneezi
ngandr
att
li
ng.
 Lameness
 Sev
eral
bir
dssuddenl
ydi
e
 Gr
eeni
sh–y
ell
owdr
oppi
ng
 Bi
rdst
wistt
hei
rnecks
 St
agger
inganddr
oppi
ngofwi
ngs.
Pr
event
ion,
treat
mentandcont
rol
ofNewCast
eldi
seases
 Di
sinf
ectt
hepoul
tr
yhouser
egul
arl
y
 Vacci
nat
ethebi
rdsaf
terev
ery6mont
hs
 I
ncaseofoutbr
eak,
thef
lockshoul
dbeki
l
led.
NB:Ther
eisnot
reat
mentf
orNewCast
ledi
seasesof
ar.

LESSON15
3. Fowlpox
Causedbyv
irus
Si
gnsoff
owlpox
 Di
ff
icul
tyi
nbr
eat
hing
 Eggpr
oduct
ionandf
ert
il
it
yreduces
 Wat
erysor
esont
hecomb,
wat
tl
eandar
oundt
heey
es.
 Di
schar
gef
rom t
henost
ri
landey
es.
 Mol
ti
ngandsheddi
ngf
eat
her
s.
 Ul
cer
sint
hemout
h(smal
lwounds)
Pr
event
ionandt
reat
mentoff
owl
pox
  Vacci
nat
ingt
hebi
rds.
 Mai
ntai
ningper
fecthy
giene
 Ki
l
li
ngandbur
ningt
hei
nfect
edbi
rds.
 Di
sinf
ect
ingt
hepoul
tr
yhouser
egul
arl
y.
4. Fowlt
yphoi
d
Fowl
typhoi
discausedbyBact
eri
alcal
l
edSal
monel
la.
These sal
monel
l
a bact
eri
a can at
tack t
he human bei
ngs as wel
l
,ther
efor
eiti
s
danger
ousf
orpeopl
etoeatr
aweggs.
Si
gnsoff
owlt
yphoi
d
 Raf
fl
edf
eat
her
sandapol
ewat
tl
e
 Fol
dingt
hei
rheadscl
oset
othebody
 Wat
erygr
eeni
sh–y
ell
owdr
oppi
ngs
 Thel
i
ver
,ki
dney
sandspl
eenmaybecomeenl
arged.
Cont
rolandpr
event
ionoff
owl
typhoi
d
 Vacci
nat
ethebi
rdsat5weeks.
 Rev
acci
nat
eat4mont
hs
 Ki
l
landbur
nthei
nfect
edbi
rds
 Nospeci
fi
ctr
eat
mentf
orf
owl
typhoi
d.

5. Gumbr
odi
seases
Causedbyav
irus

Si
gnsofGumbr
odi
seases
NB:Af
fect
sthechi
ckenbet
ween3t
o6weeks.
 Ruf
fl
edf
eat
her
s
 Dr
oopi
ngoft
hewi
ngs
 Di
arr
hoeaandl
aterbl
oodst
aineddr
oppi
ngs.
 Chi
cksdi
einashor
tti
me.
LESSON16
Poul
tr
ypar
asi
tes
Apar
asi
tei
sal
i
vingor
gani
sm t
hatdependsoni
tshostf
orf
oodandshel
terandhar
msi
t
(
hasahar
mful
eff
ectoni
t)
Ty
pesofpar
asi
tes
i
. Endo–par
asi
tes
i
i
. Ect
o–par
asi
tes
Exampl
esofect
o–par
asi
tes
Li
ce Depl
umi
ngmi
tes
Redmi
tes
Fl
eas
Si
gnsofwor
ms
 Whi
techal
kydr
oppi
ngs
 Wat
erydi
arr
hoea
 Fewereggsar
elai
d
Cont
rolofwor
ms
Dewor
m at6weeksandev
erymont
h
Howt
ocont
rolect
o–par
asi
tes
 Dust
ingl
ayi
ngnest
s
 Ensur
egoodhy
gienei
nthepoul
tr
yhouse
 Dust
ingbi
rdswi
thdi
sinf
ect
ant
s
 Di
ppi
ngt
hebi
rds’
feeti
nker
osenet
oki
l
lthef
leas

POULTRYVI
CES
Poul
tr
yvi
cesar
ebadhabi
tsi
npoul
tr
y.
Exampl
esofcommonpoul
tr
yvi
ces
 Canni
bal
i
sm  Feat
herpecki
ng  Toeandski
n
 Eggeat
ing  Bul
l
ying pecki
ng

Causesofv
icesi
npoul
tr
y
 Bor
edom  Ov
ercr
owdi
ngofpoul
tr
y
 St
arv
ati
on(
li
tt
leornof
ood)  Lackofabal
anceddi
et
Si
gnsofpoul
tr
yvi
ces
 Bl
oodst
ainedbeaks/bi
l
ls
 Bl
eedi
ngatt
hev
ent
 Yel
l
owst
ainsofeggy
olkont
hebeak
 Br
okeneggshel
l
sint
hepoul
tr
yhouse.
 Fi
ght
ingamongstpoul
tr
y
Howt
ocont
rolpoul
tr
yvi
ces
 Debeaki
ngbi
rdst
hateateggs.
 Av
oidi
ngov
ercr
owdi
ngt
hebi
rds
 Gi
vet
hepoul
tr
yfeedsr
ichi
ncal
cium
 Cul
lori
sol
atet
hebi
rdst
hatar
eaggr
essi
ve.
 Hanggr
eensi
nthepoul
tr
yhouset
okeept
hebi
rdsbusy
.
 Pr
ovi
depr
opernest
li
ngf
ort
hel
ayer
s.
 Col
l
ectl
aideggsr
egul
arl
y.
 Remov
ebr
okeneggshel
lfr
om t
hehouse.
 Pr
ovi
deenoughf
eedst
othebi
rds.
LESSON17AND18
Recor
dkeepi
ngonpoul
tr
y
Ty
pesofr
ecor
dskeptonpoul
tr
yfar
m
1. Fl
ockr
ecor
ds:Showst
henumberofbi
rdsonaf
armi
.e.(
numbersol
d,deadorki
l
led
dai
l
y).
2. Heal
thr
ecor
ds:Showst
het
reat
mentgi
vent
othebi
rds.
3. Pr
oduct
ionr
ecor
ds: Showst
hepr
oduct
ionper
cent
ageandt
henumberofeggs
col
l
ect
eddai
l
y.
4. Feedi
ngr
ecor
ds:Showst
het
ypeoff
eeds,
quant
it
yoramountconsumedorwast
ed.
5. Sal
esandexpendi
tur
e:Showst
heexpendi
tur
eandi
ncomef
rom t
hef
eeds,eggs,
sal
esofbi
rdset
c.
I
mpor
tanceofkeepi
ngr
ecor
dsonaf
arm
 Hel
ptopl
anf
ort
hef
utur
eoft
hef
arm
 Toknowt
hepr
ofi
torl
ossesmadeont
hef
arm
 Forf
airt
axassessment
 Enabl
ethef
armert
ogetl
oans
 Toknowt
hepr
ogr
essoft
hef
arm
 Enabl
est
hef
armert
orev
iewt
hehi
stor
yoft
hef
arm.

Week2
LESSON1
BEEKEEPI
NG(
APICULTURE)
Beekeepi
ngi
ssomet
imescal
l
edApi
-cul
tur
e
API
ARY
Anapi
aryi
saf
arm ofbeesOR
Anapi
aryi
sapl
acewher
ebeesar
ekept
.
Whybeesar
eref
err
edt
oassoci
ali
nsect
s.
Beesl
i
veandwor
ktoget
heri
nor
gani
zedgr
oupcal
l
edcol
oni
es.
Exampl
esofsoci
ali
nsect
s
Ter
mit
es Wasps
Redant
s Bl
ackant
s
Sol
i
tar
yinsect
s
Sol
i
tar
yinsect
sar
ethei
nsect
sthatl
i
veandwor
kal
one.
Exampl
esofsol
it
ary
Mosqui
toes Dr
agonf
li
es
Housef
li
es Cockr
oacheset
c.
But
ter
fl
ies
Gr
asshopper
s
NB:Ther
ear
etwot
ypesofbees:
Sol
i
tar
ybeesi
.e.
bumbl
ebee
Soci
albeesi
.e.honeybee
Ext
ernalpar
tsofabee

LESSON2
TYPESOFBEESI
NAHI
VE
 Queenbee
 Dr
onebee
 Wor
kerbee

THEQUEENBEE

CHARACTERI
STI
CSOFQUEENBEE
i
. I
thasal
ongabdomenandl
ongl
egs.
i
i
. I
tist
hel
argestbeei
nthehi
ve
i
i
i. I
thasshor
terwi
ngsascompar
edt
oit
sbody
.
i
v. I
thasast
ing.
NB:I
tsl
if
espani
s4–5y
ear
s.I
tlay
sbet
ween1500–3000eggsperday
.
Funct
ionoft
heQueenbeei
nthehi
ve
i
. Tol
ayeggsi
nthehi
ve
Queenbeef
eedson
Thequeenbeei
sfedonr
oyal
jel
l
ybyt
hewor
kerbees
THEDRONEBEE

Char
act
eri
sti
csofadr
onebee
i
i
. I
tist
hemal
ebeei
nthehi
ve
i
i
i. Thedr
onei
sthesecondl
argestbeei
nthehi
ve
i
v. I
thasabl
unthai
ryabdomen
v
. I
tist
heonl
ybeewi
thoutast
ingi
nthehi
ve.
NB.I
tisal
mostnev
eri
nthehi
vebecausei
tiski
l
ledaf
termat
ingt
hequeen.
Funct
ionofadr
onebee
 Tomat
ewi
tht
hequeenbee
Weddi
ngf
li
ght/mai
denf
li
ght
Aweddi
ngf
li
ghti
saf
li
ghtdur
ingwhi
cht
hedr
onebeemat
est
hequeenbee.
Whydoest
hedr
onebeedi
eaf
tert
heweddi
ngf
li
ght
?
Duet
olossofi
tsr
epr
oduct
iveor
gan(
truct
)dur
ingmat
ing.

LESSON3
WORKERBEE

Char
act
eri
sti
csoft
hewor
kerbees
i
. Theyar
ethesmal
l
estandbusi
estbeesi
nthehi
ve.
i
i
. Theyhav
east
ingusedf
ordef
ence
i
i
i. Theyhav
eapol
l
enbasketont
hei
rhi
ndl
egf
orcar
ryi
ngpol
l
engr
ains.
i
v. Theyar
efemal
est
eri
l
ebeesbecauset
hei
rrepr
oduct
ionor
gansar
eunderdev
eloped.
Di
agr
am showi
ngt
hehi
ndl
egofawor
kerbee

Rol
esoft
hewor
ker
sbees
i
. Guar
dst
hehi
ve.
i
i
. Col
l
ectnect
arwat
erandpol
l
engr
ains.
i
i
i. Bui
l
dthehi
veusi
ngwax
i
v. Cl
eant
hehi
ve
v
. Col
l
ectpr
opol
i
susedt
oseal
thecr
acksont
hehi
ve.
v
i. Feedt
hegr
ubs(
lar
vae)onhoney
v
ii
. Feedt
hequeenbeeonr
oyal
jel
l
y.
v
ii
i. Fant
hehi
vet
oreduce(
lower
)thet
emper
atur
e
i
x. Makehoneyandst
orei
tint
hehoneycombs.

LESSON4
GENERALHABI
TSOFBEES
i
. Beesmakewoggl
eandr
ounddancest
ocommuni
cat
e
i
i
. Beesswar
mfr
om onepl
acet
oanot
her
 i
i
i. Beescol
l
ectnect
arandpol
l
engr
ainf
rom f
lower
.
TERMSUSEDI
NAPI
CULTURE
Api
cul
tur
e:I
sthekeepi
ngandmanagementofbees(
ref
erst
obeekeepi
ng)
Anapi
ary
:Isaf
arm ofbees/acol
l
ect
ionofbeeshi
vesorapl
acewher
ebeesar
ekept
.
Hi
vi
ng:
Ist
heactofat
tr
act
ingbeest
othehi
veusi
ngbai
ts.
Bai
ts:ar
ethi
ngsusedt
oat
tractbeesi
ntot
hehi
vee.
g.f
rui
tjui
ces,r
ipebananas,cowdung
e.
t.
c.
Acol
ony
:Isagr
oupofbeesl
i
vingt
oget
her
.
Swar
ming:I
sthemov
ementofaswar
m ofbeesf
rom onepl
acet
oanot
herf
orapur
pose.
Mai
den/mar
it
alf
li
ght
I
saf
li
ghtdur
ingwhi
cht
hedr
onebeemat
eswi
tht
heQueenbee.
ASWARM
Aswar
misagr
oupofbeesei
therdeser
tedormov
ing.
Beesal
way
sst
oreenoughhoneyi
nthei
rst
omachst
olastt
hem f
orsomeday
s.
Af
terswar
ming,
thebeesset
tl
edownonabr
ancht
owai
tfort
hescout
sormessengerbees
t
hatar
esentt
olookf
oranewhi
vet
ocomeback.
Whybeesswar
m
i
. Beesswar
m whent
heyar
eov
ercr
owdedi
nthehi
ve
i
i
. Whenanewqueenbeei
sbor
n.
i
i
i. Duet
oabadsmel
lneart
hehi
veori
nsi
det
hehi
ve.
i
v. Duet
odampnessi
nthehi
ve(
incaset
hehi
vel
eaks)
v
. Duet
odi
rectsunl
i
ghti
ntot
hehi
ve.
v
i. I
ncaset
hebeesar
eat
tachedbyenemi
es.
v
ii
. Duet
oshor
tageoff
oodandwat
eri
nanar
eaduet
odr
ought
.
v
ii
i. I
ncaset
hequeenbeedi
es.
i
x. I
fther
ear
etwoormor
equeenbeesi
nthehi
ve.
LESSON5AND6
LI
FECYCLEOFABEE
Beesunder
goacompl
etemet
amor
phosi
si.
e.
Eggs–Lar
va(
grubs)-Pupae–Adul
t(I
mago)
Di
agr
am

Beehi
ves
Beesnat
ural
l
yhi
vei
nhol
esi
nthegr
ound,
cav
esori
nhol
l
owsi
nbi
gtr
ees.
Whenaf
armerwant
stokeepbees,
hepr
ovi
desf
ort
hem ashel
tercal
l
edabeehi
ve.
Ty
pesofbeehi
ves
Ther
ear
etwot
ypesofbeehi
ve.
i
. Tr
adi
ti
onal
(local
beehi
ve)
 i
i
. Moder
nbeenhi
ve.
Localbeehi
ve
Exampl
esofl
ocalbeehi
ve
a)
.Ki
gezi
hiv
e

b)
.Dugoutl
ongbeehi
ve

Adv
ant
agesofl
ocalbeehi
ve
i
. Theyar
eeasyt
omake
i
i
. Theyar
emadef
rom l
ocal
l
yav
ail
abl
emat
eri
als
i
i
i. Theyar
echeapt
omai
ntai
n.
Di
sadv
ant
agesofl
ocalbeehi
ve
i
. I
tiseasi
l
ydest
roy
ed
i
i
. Noteasyt
oinspect
i
i
i. Last
sfort
ime
i
v. Honeyi
snotal
way
scl
ean
v
. Noteasyt
ohar
vesthoney
.
Moder
nbeehi
ves

I
nter
nalst
ruct
ureofamoder
nbeehi
ve

Sect
ioni
namoder
nbeehi
ve
Br
oodchamber
:Wher
equeenl
ayseggswhi
chl
aterhat
chi
ntogr
ubs(
lar
vae)
Honeychamber
: Thi
swher
ethewor
kerbeeskeephoney
.Onl
ywor
ker
scanr
eacht
his
sect
ion.
Thehoneyi
scl
eanwi
thouteggsorl
arv
ae.
Queenexcl
uder
:Pr
event
sthequeenf
rom ent
eri
ngt
hehoneychamberor
Separ
atest
hehoneychamberf
rom t
hebr
ood.
Ther
efor
ethequeenexcl
uderpr
event
shoneyf
rom ge3t
ti
ngcont
ami
nat
ed
Adv
ant
agesofat
opbarhi
ve
a.Thehi
vecaneasi
l
ybei
nspect
ed
b.Har
vest
edhoneyi
sal
way
scl
ean
c. Topbarhi
vei
sdur
abl
e(l
ast
sforal
ongt
ime)
d.Onl
ythehoneycombswhi
char
ereadycanbehar
vest
ed.

LESSON7AND8
Di
sadv
ant
agesofat
opbarhi
ve
At
opbarhi
vei
sexpensi
vet
omake.
STARTI
NGACOLONY
Requi
rement
sforst
art
ingacol
ony
 Queenbee
 Bai
tse.
g.sugarsol
uti
onf
ort
hebeest
ofeedon.
 At
roughofwat
ert
opl
aceneart
hehi
ve.
St
ocki
ngahi
ve
St
ocki
ngahi
vemeansput
ti
ngbeesi
nanempt
yhi
vet
ooccupyi
t.
Howi
sst
ocki
ngdonei
napi
cul
tur
e?
Byset
ti
ngupahi
ve,
put
ti
ngbai
tsandwai
ti
ngf
ort
hebeest
ooccupyi
torTr
appi
ngbeesi
nto
t
hehi
veusi
ngaswar
m cat
her
.
Di
agr
am ofaswar
m cat
cher

NB:Thef
armerusest
heabov
eswar
m cat
chert
otr
ansf
ert
hebeest
rappedt
othemai
nhi
ve.
Locat
ionofanapi
ary(
far
m ofbees)
 Awayf
rom peopl
eorani
mal
stoav
oiddi
stur
bances
 Awayf
rom t
hemai
nroad
 I
nashel
ter
edandqui
et(
undershade)
 Nearawat
ersour
ce
 Nearf
lower
ingpl
ant
s.
HARVESTI
NGHONEY
 Dr
essi
nsui
tabl
ecl
othi
nge.
g.ov
eral
l
 Makesur
ethesmokerwor
kspr
oper
ly.
 Lowert
hehi
vet
othegr
oundt
oav
oiddamagi
ngt
hecombs.
 Av
oidki
l
li
ngt
hebees.
 Leav
esomeol
dcombsf
ort
hebeest
osuckhoney
.
Thebestt
imeoft
hedayf
orhar
vest
inghoney
I
ntheev
eni
ngwheni
tiscool
andal
lthebeesar
eset
tl
edorcl
am.
Equi
pmentf
orhar
vest
ing
i
. Abucket(
pan)f
orcol
l
ect
inghoney
.
i
i
. Akni
fe:usedt
ocuthoneycombs
i
i
i. Ov
eral
ltopr
otectt
hehar
vest
erf
rom st
ings.
i
v. Beesv
eil
:topr
otectt
hef
acef
rom beest
ings
v
. Gl
oves:
topr
otectt
hehands
v
i. Gum Boat
s:t
opr
otectt
hef
eet
.
v
ii
. Asmoker
:topr
oducesmoket
hatcal
msbees.
LESSON9
THEHONEYHARVESTER

Beepr
oduct
s(summar
y)
Honeyandbeewaxar
ethemai
npr
oduct
sfr
om bees.
Ot
herbeepr
oduct
sincl
ude
i
. Pr
opol
i
s i
v. Br
ood
i
i
. Roy
alj
ell
y v
. Beev
enom
i
i
i. Combs
Howi
shoneypr
ocessed?
 Gol
deny
ell
owcombsar
eremov
edandcr
ushed.
 Thecr
ushedcombsar
esi
eved/f
il
ter
ed.
 Thewaxr
emai
nsont
hesi
eveashoneydr
opsi
ntoacl
eancont
ainerundert
hesi
eve.
 Col
l
ect
edhoneyi
sthenmel
tedov
erast
eam bat
h.
 Af
terset
tl
ing,t
hescum t
hatf
ormsont
opoft
hehoneyi
sremov
edusi
ngaspoonor
kni
fe.
 Att
hisst
age,
honeyi
sreadyf
oreat
ing.
 Howev
er,
itcanbesi
evedagai
ntomakei
tpur
erandgi
vei
tcl
eancl
earcol
our
.
Howt
oobt
ainbeewax
i
. Honeycombsar
epl
acedi
nasaucepanf
il
ledwi
thwar
m wat
er.
i
i
. Thewat
ermaybeheat
edbutnotatboi
l
ingpoi
nt.
i
i
i. Thebeewaxmel
tsi
ntot
hewar
m wat
er.
i
v. Af
tercool
i
ng,
waxf
ormsont
opoft
hewat
er.
Whi
chf
oodv
aluedoy
oumost
lygotf
rom eat
inghoney
?
Wemost
lygetcar
bohy
drat
es.
I
mpor
tanceofhoneyt
oman
i
. Honeyi
seat
endi
rect
lyasf
ood
i
i
. Honeyi
susedt
osweet
ent
ea.
i
i
i. Li
qui
dhoneyi
seat
enwi
thbr
eadandcakes.
i
v. Honeyi
susedt
omakeal
cohol
i
cdr
inks.
v
. Honeyi
susedt
otr
eatcough.
v
i. Honeycanbesol
dtogetmoney
.

I
ndust
ri
alusesofhoney
i
. Honeyi
susedt
omakemedi
cinee.
g.coughsy
rups.
i
i
. I
tisal
sousedt
omakesweet
s,chocol
ate.
i
i
i. I
tisusedi
nfr
uitcanni
ngasapr
eser
vat
ive.
i
v. Honeyi
susedt
omakecosmet
icse.
gli
pshi
ner
.
v
. Honeyi
sal
sousedi
nhospi
tal
stodr
esswoundsi
nsur
gical
cases.
I
mpor
tanceofbeewaxt
oman
i
. Formaki
ngshoepol
i
sh
i
i
. Formaki
ngcr
ayonsusedi
npai
nti
ng
i
i
i. Formaki
ngcandl
ewax
i
v. Tomakev
arni
shf
orf
urni
tur
e
v
. Tomakecosmet
icsl
i
kebodycr
eams/Vasel
i
ne.
Adv
ant
agesofkeepi
ngbees
i
. Api
cul
tur
etakesl
i
ttl
espacei
.e.t
hel
andundert
hel
i
vescanbeusedf
orcr
opf
armi
ng.
i
i
. Lessl
abourandat
tent
ioni
sneededsi
ncebeesl
ookf
ort
hei
rownf
ood.
i
i
i. Beef
armer
sgetr
egul
ari
ncomef
rom beepr
oduct
sli
kehoney
.
i
v. Beespol
l
inat
efl
ower
s.

LESSON10AND11
BEEENEMI
ESANDDI
SEASES
Exampl
esofbeepest
sincl
ude
Woodant
s
Saf
ari
ant
s
Rat
s
Wasps
Waxmot
hs
Di
seasesofbees
Beesar
eresi
stantt
odi
seasesbutt
hef
oll
owi
ngdi
seasescanat
tackt
hem:
-
Amer
icanf
oul
brood
St
onebr
ood
Bal
dbr
ood
Eur
opeanf
oul
brood
Nosema
Howcanwepr
eventenemi
esf
rom dest
roy
ingbees?
i
. Byoi
l
ingt
hebaseoft
hepol
esonwhi
chbeesar
e.
i
i
. Put
ti
nggr
easeont
hewi
vest
opr
eventt
heant
sfr
om cl
i
mbi
ng.
i
i
i. Spr
ayi
ngi
nsect
ici
desatt
hebaseofpol
est
oki
l
lthepest
s.
i
v. Keepi
ngt
hegr
assar
oundt
hehi
vesshor
t.
v
. Hangi
ngt
hehi
vesi
ntr
ees100–150cm hi
gh.
TOPI
CALQUESTI
ONS

……………………………………………………………………
WEEK3
LESSON1
THEME:MATTERANDENERGY
TOPI
CMEASUREMENT
I
tist
hepr
ocessoff
indi
ngouthowl
ong,
shor
t,bi
g,smal
l
,heav
yorl
i
ghtanobj
ecti
s.
Mass
I
tist
heamountorquant
it
yofmat
teri
nanobj
ect
.
I
tismeasur
edi
ngr
ams(
g),
kg(
kil
ogr
ams)
.
NB:
Itsst
andar
duni
tiskg.
Gr
avi
ty:I
sthef
orceoft
heear
tht
hatpul
l
sdownobj
ect
s.orI
sthef
orceofat
tract
iont
hat
obj
ect
shav
eononeanot
herbecauseoft
hei
rmasses.
NBOnear
tht
hegr
avi
tat
ional
for
ceact
ingonmassi
s10N
Thesi
zeoft
hef
orcebecomessmal
l
erast
heobj
ectmov
esf
urt
herf
rom t
hesur
faceoft
he
ear
th.
Lengt
h
 I
tist
hedi
stancebet
weent
wopoi
nt
  I
tismeasur
edi
nmet
res(
m),
cent
imet
ers(
cm)Hect
omet
res(
hm)
,mi
l
li
met
rees(
mm,
decami
tr
e(Dm)deci
met
ers(
dm)
.
NB:Thest
andar
duni
tsf
orl
engt
har
eMet
res
I
nst
rument
susedt
omeasur
elengt
h
i
. Tapemeasur
es i
v. St
icks
i
i
. Met
rer
uler
s v
. St
ri
ngs
i
i
i. Footr
uler
s v
i. St
ri
des
Al
inesegment
:Isal
i
nebet
weent
wopoi
nts.
Act
ivi
ty
Lear
ner
sdr
awl
i
nesegment
sofdi
ff
erentl
engt
h.
a)
.4cm b)6cm c) 8cm d)14cm
LESSON2
AREA
I
tist
het
otal
spacecov
eredbyanobj
ect
.
I
tismeasur
edi
nSquar
eUni
tscm2,
m2,
dm2,
km2.
Ar
eaofar
ect
angl
e

Wi
dth(
w)
Lengt
h(L)
Thewi
dthi
stheshor
tersi
deofar
ect
angl
e
Thel
engt
hist
hel
ongersi
deofar
ect
angl
e
Ar
ea=Lengt
hxWi
dth = squni
ts
Bycount
ingt
hesquar
es
4squar
es 24squar
es
Ar
ea=LxW
=6squar
esx4squar
es
=24squar
es
6s
NB:Ar qu
egular
e
arr s
ect
angl
ehast
woopposi
tesi
desequal
.
Ar
eaofasquar
e
Asquar
ehasal
li
tssi
desequal
Ar
ea =sxs
Ar
ea=sxs
S2
=4cm x4cm
4cm =16cm2

Volume
I
tisthespaceoccupi
edbyanobject
I
tismeasuredincubi
cuni
ts( cm2,
cc, mm3,
m3))
Regul
arobjects
Theyareobject
swi
thspeci
fi
c(def
ini
te)shapese.
g.cuboi
ds,
bri
cks,
blocks,
tins,
rect
angl
es,
squar
eetc

Fi
ndi
ngv
olumeofr
egul
arobj
ect
s

V=LxW xH=Cubi
cuni
ts
Hei
ght(
H)

Wi
dth(
W)
Lengt
h(L)
Fi
ndt
hev
olumeoft
hef
igur
eabov
e.
Sampl
equest
ions
………………………………….
NBSetwor
dpr
obl
emsaswel
l.

LESSON3
I
rr
egul
arobj
ect
s-
Thesear
eobj
ect
sthatdonothav
easpeci
fi
cshapee.
g.st
ones

Di
spl
acementmet
hod
I
sthemet
hodusedt
ofi
ndt
hev
olumeofi
rr
egul
arobj
ect
s?
I
nst
rument
susedt
omeasur
ethev
olumeofi
rr
egul
arobj
ect
s
1.Measur
ingcy
li
nder
2.Anov
erf
lowcanorEur
ekacan

Act
ivi
ty
Whydoweuset
hedi
spl
acementmet
hodt
ofi
ndt
hev
olumeofst
one?
I
thasnospeci
fi
cshape
Usi
ngameasur
ingcy
li
ndert
ofi
ndt
hev
olumeofani
rr
egul
arobj
ect
.
Pr
ocedur
e
St
epI
Pourwat
eri
ntoameasur
ingcy
li
nderabouthal
fful
landr
ecor
dthev
olumeoft
hewat
er.
St
epI
I
Gent
lyl
owert
hei
rr
egul
arobj
ectt
iedonast
ri
ngi
ntot
hemeasur
ingcy
li
nder
.
St
epI
II
Recor
dthef
inal
lev
eloft
hewat
eri
nthemeasur
ingcy
li
nder
.
St
epI
V
Subt
ractt
hef
ir
stl
evel
from t
hef
inal
lev
el.
V=Fi
nal
lev
el–1stl
evel
V=10cc–5cc
V=5cc
NB
Thev
olumeoft
hei
rr
egul
arobj
ecti
sequal
tot
hev
olumeoft
hedi
spl
acedwat
er.
Usi
nganov
erf
lowcan(
Eur
ekacan)
St
epI
Pourwat
eri
nthecanupt
othel
evel
oft
hespout
St
epI
I
Putt
hei
rr
egul
arobj
ectt
iedonat
hreadgent
lyi
nthecan.
St
epI
II
Col
l
ectt
hewat
ert
hatpour
soutoft
hecani
nameasur
ingcy
li
nder

1. Whati
sthev
olumeoft
hest
one?
10cc
2. Whati
stheuseoft
hest
ri
ng(
thr
ead)i
ntheexper
imentabov
e? Togent
lyl
owert
he
st
onei
ntot
hewat
erandav
oidi
tfr
om spl
ashi
ng.

LESSON4
Wei
ght
3. I
tist
hegr
avi
tat
ional
for
ceexer
tedonanobj
ectbyt
heear
th.
Thest
andar
duni
tofwei
ghti
sNewt
on
Mass
 I
tist
heamountofmat
teronanobj
ect
.
 I
tist
hequant
it
yofmat
tercont
ainedi
nabody
.
Machi
nesusedt
omeasur
ewei
ghtandmass
i
. Beam bal
ance
i
i
. Spr
ingbal
ance-
wei
ght
i
i
i. Setofscal
e
i
v. Scal
eofbal
ance
v
. Wei
ghi
ngbal
ance
Di
ff
erencebet
weenwei
ghtandmass
1.Massdoesnotchangef
rom pl
acet
opl
acewhi
l
ewei
ghtchanges.
2.Massi
stheamountofmat
teri
nanobj
ectwhi
l
ewei
ghti
sthef
orceofgr
avi
tyexer
ted
onanobj
ect
.
3.Massi
smeasur
edi
nki
l
ogr
amswhi
l
ewei
ghti
smeasur
edi
nNewt
on(
N).
Fl
oat
ingobj
ect
s
Fl
oat
ingi
swhenanobj
ectst
aysont
opwhent
hrownonwat
er.
Obj
ect
sfl
oatbecauset
heyar
elessdenset
hanwat
er.
Whenanobj
ectf
loat
sinaf
lui
d,t
wof
orcesactoni
t;i
tsownweghtandupt
hrustf
orceoft
he
f
lui
d.
Exampl
esoff
loat
ingobj
ect
s
Cor
k Feat
her Pet
rol
,par
aff
in
Pl
ast
ic Leav
es
Boat
s Sof
tdr
ywood
Sponge Paper
Si
nki
ng
I
tiswhenanobj
ectt
hrownonwat
ergoest
othebot
tom oft
hewat
er.
Obj
ect
ssi
nkbecauset
heyar
emor
edenset
hanwat
er.

Exampl
esofsi
nki
ngobj
ect
s
St
ones Met
al Coi
ns
Sand Gl
ass Pi
ns
Soi
l Nai
l
s Cl
ay
Key
s
NB:
Anysi
nki
ngobj
ect
sdi
spl
aceswat
erequal
toi
tsv
olume.

LESSON5
Densi
ty
I
tist
her
ati
oofmasst
ovol
umeofasubst
anceordensi
tyofasubst
ancei
sdef
inedasi
ts
massperuni
tvol
ume.
Thedensi
tyofwat
eri
s1.
0g/
ccandi
cei
s0.
92g/
cc.
Weusedensi
tybot
tl
etomeasur
edensi
ti
esofsubst
ance.
I
tismeasur
edi
nuni
tsl
i
ke(
kg/cc, cm3,
gm / kg/
m).
Act
ivi
ty
Fi
ndt
hedensi
tyofanobj
ectwi
thmass400gm andv
olumes20cc>
D = Mass (
M)
Vol
ume D
D = Mass
Vol
ume
D
= 400gm
20
D = 20gm/
Week4
LESSON1
I
MMUNI
SATI
ON
I
mmuni
zat
ion–i
stheadmi
nist
rat
ion/i
ntr
oduct
ionofv
acci
nesi
ntot
hebodyt
ocause
i
mmuni
ty.
OR
I
sawayofput
ti
ngv
acci
nesi
ntot
hebodyi
nor
dert
ocausei
mmuni
ty.
I
MMUNI
TY
I
mmuni
tyi
sthebody
’sabi
l
ityt
oresi
stdi
seaseat
tack.
TYPESOFI
MMUNI
TY
Ther
ear
etwot
ypesofi
mmuni
ty.
1.Nat
ural
immuni
ty.
2.Ar
ti
fi
cial
(acqui
redi
mmuni
ty)
Nat
uralI
mmuni
ty
I
sthet
ypeofi
mmuni
tyababyoraper
songet
swi
thouti
ntr
oduct
ionofv
acci
nes.Thi
scanbe
gott
hroughbr
eastf
eedi
ng,
from mot
hert
obabyt
hrought
hepl
acent
a.
Eat
ingabal
anceddi
etanddev
elopsasar
esul
tofi
nfect
ion.
Thebabyget
sitasi
tdev
elopsi
nthemot
her
’swomb.
Ar
ti
fi
cialI
mmuni
ty
I
sthet
ypeofi
mmuni
tyababyget
sthr
oughr
ecei
vi
ngv
acci
nesi
nthebody
.
Af
terbi
rt
h,achi
l
disi
mmuni
zedandget
simmuni
ty.
VACCI
NES
Vacci
nesar
emedi
cal
subst
anceswhi
char
eint
roducedi
ntot
hebodyt
opr
oduceant
ibodi
es
agai
nstcer
tai
ndi
seases.
Vacci
nest
aket
hef
orm ofdeadorweakenedbact
eri
aorv
irusest
hatcanst
il
lactasant
igens.
Vacci
nescanbeadmi
nist
eredor
all
yort
hroughani
nject
ion.
ANTI
BODI
ES
Thesear
echemi
cal
subst
ancespr
oducedbywhi
tebl
oodcel
l
stodef
endt
hebodyagai
nst
di
seases.
LESSON2
TYPESOFVACCI
NES
Ther
ear
ethr
eet
ypesofv
acci
nes
i
. Toxoi
ds
i
i
. At
tenuat
edv
acci
nes
i
i
i. Ki
l
ledv
acci
nes
Toxoi
ds
Ther
ear
epr
epar
edf
rom t
oxi
nspr
oducedbybact
eri
aint
hebody
.Theyar
emadehar
mlessand
i
nject
edi
ntot
hebodyl
i
keT.
Tvacci
nes.
Ki
l
led/Deadv
acci
nes
Thesear
eki
l
ledbact
eri
aorv
irust
hathasbeengr
owni
nsui
tabl
ehostcel
l
s.Theyar
emade
har
mlessbef
orebei
ngi
nject
edi
ntoaper
sone.
g.chol
eraandt
hesackant
ipol
i
ovacci
ne.
At
tenuat
edv
acci
nes
Thesear
eli
vebact
eri
aorv
iruswhi
chhasbeenweakenedi
nsuchawayt
hatt
heycannot
causedi
seases.Wheni
nject
edi
ntot
hebody
,theycausei
mmuni
ty.
I
mpor
tanceofi
mmuni
tyt
oourbody
Pr
otect
susf
rom bei
ngat
tackedbydi
seases.
Boost
sourbodyi
mmunesy
stem.
Howdoesbabygeti
mmuni
ty?
i
. Fr
om mot
hert
ochi
l
ddur
ingdev
elopmenti
nthewomb.
i
i
. Thr
oughi
mmuni
zat
ionf
rom v
acci
nat
ion.
i
i
i. Af
tersuf
fer
ingandr
ecov
eri
ngf
rom ani
l
lness.

LESSON3
CHI
LDHOODI
MMUNI
ZATI
ONDI
SEASES
Thesi
xchi
l
dhoodki
l
lerdi
seasesat
tackchi
l
drenbel
owt
heageofsi
xyear
s.
Thesear
e:
- Pol
i
omy
eli
ti
s(Pol
i
o) - Di
pht
her
ia
- Measl
es - Whoopi
ngcough(
per
tussi
s)
- Tuber
cul
osi
s - Tet
anus
Ot
herI
mmuni
sabl
edi
seases
- Chol
era - Hepat
it
isB
- Yel
l
owf
ever - Haemophi
l
us
- Meni
ngi
ti
s.e.
t.
c. - I
nfl
uenzaB
- Rabi
es - Rubel
l
a(Geman,
measl
es)
- Ty
phoi
d - Ty
phusf
ever
- Smal
lpox(
alr
eadyer
adi
cat
ed)
- Pl
ague

DI
SEASES,
CAUSE,
SIGNS,
SYMPTOMS,
PREVENTATI
ONANDTREATMENT
1. Tuber
cul
osi
s.
Cause-bact
eri
a(my
cobact
eri
um t
uber
cul
osi
s)
I
tusual
l
yat
tackst
hel
ungs,
bones,
joi
ntsandt
hebr
ain
Howi
tsspr
ead.
Thr
oughai
r/
coughi
ngorsneezi
ng

Si
gns(
whati
sseenwithourey
es)
- Al
otofsweat
ing - Lossofwei
ght
- Chr
oni
ccough - Lossofski
ncol
or
- Thi
cksput
um
Not
e;Sput
um i
sal
i
qui
dfr
om t
het
hroatorl
ungsespeci
all
ywheni
t’
scoughedasoutbecause
ofadi
sease.
Sy
mpt
oms
- Mi
l
dfev
er
- Lossofappet
it
e
- Gener
albodyweakness
- Chestpai
n.
Tr
eat
ment
s
- Useant
ibi
oti
cs
Pr
event
ion
- I
mmuni
zewi
th(
Baci
l
lusCal
met
te- -
Bwer
ine)BCGv
acci
ne. - I
sol
ati
onofsi
ckpeopl
e
- Eat
sabal
anceddi
et - Dr
inki
ngpr
oper
lyboi
l
edmi
l
k
- Av
oidshar
ing,
cut
ti
ng,
cups,
plat
es

LESSON4
2. Measl
es
Causedbyv
irus
Measl
esi
sspr
eadbycont
actwi
tht
henoseort
hroatsecr
eti
onsofi
nfect
edpeopl
eandi
nai
r
bor
nedr
opl
ets.
Si
gns
- Sor
eint
hemout
h - Dr
ycough
- Runnynose - Redey
es
- Ski
nrash
Sy
mpt
oms
- Hi
ght
emper
atur
e(f
ever
)
- I
tchi
ngski
ns
- Bodyweakness
Pr
event
ion
- I
sol
ati
onofi
nfect
edper
sons.
- I
mmuni
zewi
thmeasl
esv
acci
neat9mont
hsaf
terbi
rt
h
Tr
eat
ment
Ther
eisnopr
opert
reat
mentbutwecancont
rol
sympt
oms
3. Whoopi
ngcough(
per
tussi
s)
I
t’
sar
espi
rat
orydi
seasecausedbyabact
eri
acal
l
edBor
alet
ell
aPer
tussi
s.
I
tsspr
eadt
hroughdr
opl
eti
nfect
ion(
coughi
ngandsneezi
ng)
Si
gns
- Runni
ngnose
- Sev
erecoughi
ngwi
thspel
l
sthatendwi
thwhoops
- Wat
erydi
schar
gef
rom ey
es,
sneezi
ng.
- Qui
ckdeepbr
eat
h
- Mi
l
dcough.
Sy
mpt
oms
- Fev
er - Acol
d
Tr
eat
ment
Tr
eatwi
thant
ibi
oti
c

4. Di
pht
her
ia
Causedbybact
eri
a
Si
gns
- Swol
l
enneck
- Sor
ethr
oat
Pr
event
ion
- I
mmuni
zewi
thDPTv
acci
ne
- I
sol
ati
onofi
nfect
edper
sons.
Tr
eat
ment
Useant
ibi
oti
cs

LESSON5
5. Tet
anus
Causedbybact
eri
acal
l
edCl
ost
ri
dium t
etani
.
Si
gns
- St
if
fmuscl
esal
lov
ert
hebodyespeci
all
ythej
aws
- Suddenandst
rongmuscl
est
hatspasm whent
ouched
- Babyst
opssuckl
i
ng
- Di
ff
icul
tyi
nswal
l
owi
ng.
Sy
mpt
oms
- Fev
er
Pr
event
ion/Tr
eat
ment
- I
mmuni
zewi
thDPTv
acci
ne
- I
mmuni
zewi
thTTv
acci
nef
orf
emal
esbet
ween15–49y
ear
s

6. Pol
iomy
eli
ti
s(pol
io)
Causedbyav
irus
I
tsspr
eadt
hroughdr
inki
ngoreat
ingcont
ami
nat
edwat
erandf
ood
Si
gns
- Par
aly
sisi
nthel
i
mbs(
legs/hands)
Pr
event
ionofpol
io
- Dr
inki
ngboi
l
edwat
er
- Pr
operdi
sposal
off
aeces
- I
mmuni
zewi
thpol
i
ovacci
ne
Sy
mpt
oms
- Hi
ghf
ever
- Weaknessoft
hebody
Ot
herI
mmuni
sabl
edi
seases
CHOLERA
- Causedbybact
eri
a
- Spr
eadt
hroughdr
inki
ngcont
ami
nat
edwat
er
- Spr
eadt
hrougheat
ingcont
ami
nat
edf
ood.
Si
gns
 Excessi
vedi
arr
hea
  Excessi
vev
omi
ti
ng
Tr
eat
ment
- Gi
veORS
- Gi
vef
lui
dsl
i
kej
uice,
wat
ersandmi
l
k.
- Taket
otheheal
thcent
re.
Pr
event
ion
- Dr
inki
ngboi
l
edwat
er
- Washhandsbef
orehandl
i
ngf
ood
- Ensur
epr
operdi
sposal
ofr
efuse
- Ensur
epr
operofl
atr
ines
- Cov
eral
lcookedf
oodandl
eft
over
s
- Pr
epar
efoodi
nacl
eanpl
aceandeati
tfr
om acl
eancont
ainer
.
- Obser
vegener
alcl
eanl
i
nessofbot
hbodyandenv
ironment
LESSON6
HEPATI
TISB
I
tscausedbyHepat
it
isBv
irus.
I
taf
fect
sthel
i
ver
.
Spr
eadbycont
actwi
thbl
oodofani
nfect
edper
son.
Sy
mpt
oms
Bodyweakness
St
omachupset
Si
gns
Ver
ydar
kur
ine
Ver
ypal
est
ool
Not
reat
ment
Pr
event
ion
I
mmuni
zewi
thHepat
it
isBant
ibi
oti
cs(
Hepat
it
isBser
um)HI
Bvacci
ne
AGE VACCI
NE DI
SEASE METHODOFI
MMUNI
ZATI
ON
a Atbi
rt
h BCG&Pol
i
o Tuber
cul
osi
s I
nject
ion-
ri
ghtupperar
m
v
acci
ne pol
i
o
Dr
opsi
nthemout
h
b 6weeks DPTv
acci
ne Di
pht
her
iaPer
tussi
s I
nject
ionont
hel
eftuppert
high
Pol
i
ovacci
ne Tet
anusPol
i
omy
eli
ti
s
Dr
opsi
nthemout
h
c 10weeks DPTv
acci
ne Di
pht
her
iaPer
tussi
s I
nject
ionont
hel
eftuppert
high
pol
i
o Tet
anusPol
i
omy
eli
ti
s
Dr
opsi
nthemout
h
d 14weeks DPTv
acci
ne Di
pht
her
iaPer
tussi
s I
nject
ionont
hel
eftuppert
high
&Pol
i
o Tet
anusPol
i
omy
eli
ti
s
 v
acci
ne Dr
opsi
nthemout
h
e 9mont
hs Measl
es Measl
es I
nject
ionont
hel
eftupperar
m.
36weeks v
acci
ne

I
MMUNI
ZATI
ONSI
TES

LESSON7
I
MMUNI
ZATI
ONCARD(
CHC)CHI
LDHEALTHCARD
Thi
sisacar
dgi
venbyheal
thwor
ker
sataheal
thcent
ret
oev
erychi
l
d(baby
)whor
ecei
ves
i
mmuni
zat
ion
Achi
ldheal
thcar
dshowst
hef
oll
owi
ngi
nfor
mat
ionaboutababy
1.Dat
eofbi
rt
h(D.
O.B)
2.Dat
eofnextv
isi
tfori
mmuni
zat
ion
3.Vacci
ner
ecei
vedanddat
e
4.Bi
rt
hwei
ghtoft
hechi
l
d
5.Chi
l
d’sname
6.Par
ent
’sname,
placeofr
esi
dence,
par
ent
’soccupat
ion.
7.Bi
rt
hor
der
8.Doct
or’
sadv
icet
oheal
thgr
owt
handnut
ri
ti
onoft
hechi
l
d.
I
mpor
tanceofi
mmuni
zat
ion
1. Hel
pst
oremi
ndt
hepar
entoft
henextdat
eofv
isi
tfori
mmuni
zat
ion
2.Hel
pst
hepar
entt
omoni
tort
hechi
l
dgr
owt
h
3.Hel
psbot
hthedoct
orandt
hepar
entt
oknowwhi
chv
acci
newasal
readygi
venandwhi
ch
onei
sremai
ning.

LESSON8
Rol
esofi
ndi
vi
dualf
ami
li
esandcommuni
ti
esi
nimmuni
zat
ion
a) I
ndi
vi
dual
s
- Hel
pst
oinf
orm ot
herf
ami
l
ymember
sandnei
ghbor
soni
mmuni
zat
iondat
esandv
enue.
- Lear
ninghowt
oimmuni
zesot
hatt
heycanhel
ptheheal
thwor
ker
s.
- Hel
ptoacceptandconv
inceot
herpeopl
etoaccepti
mmuni
zat
ionasani
mpor
tant
pr
ogr
amme
- Encour
ageot
her
stot
aket
hei
rchi
l
drenf
ori
mmuni
zat
ion.
- Assi
sti
ngheal
thwor
ker
sinar
rangi
ngt
hepl
acessel
ect
edf
ori
mmuni
zat
ion
b)Fami
ly
- Shar
eal
li
nfor
mat
iont
hatt
heyknowabouti
mmuni
zat
ion.
- Par
ent
sshoul
dmakesur
ethatal
lchi
l
drenandpr
egnantwomenar
eimmuni
zed.
- Bi
ggerchi
l
drenshoul
dtakey
oungeronesf
ori
mmuni
zat
ion
c) Communi
ty
- Or
gani
zesemi
nar
s,wor
kshops,
play
sandconcer
tst
oeducat
eot
her
sabouti
mmuni
zat
ion
- School
sshoul
dper
for
m pl
aysandconcer
tsabouti
mmuni
zat
iononopenday
sandspeech
day
s.
NOTE:Thecommoni
mmuni
zat
ioncent
ersi
nourcommuni
ti
esi
ncl
ude;
hospi
tal
,cl
i
nics,
di
spensar
ies,
heal
thcent
erset
c.