ChapTer 19 AlTernATing CUrrenT eleCTriCiTy 557

(c) Induced currents in the core

(d) The emf in the outside circuit
(e) All of the above
5. Explain the difference between maximum current and effective current.
6. Explain the difference between maximum voltage and instantaneous voltage.
7. Explain how power in an ac circuit is related to voltage and current.
8. Explain how power in an ac circuit is related to voltage and resistance.
9. If the number of turns in the secondary coil of a transformer is doubled, how
does the output voltage change?
10. The unit of inductance is the .
11. Discuss the importance of inductive reactance.
12. How does the inductive reactance depend on frequency?
13. Does the current lead or lag the voltage in an inductive circuit?
14. Describe how energy is stored in a capacitor. How can the stored energy be
used?
15. Does the current lead or lag the voltage in a capacitive circuit?
16. How does the reactance of a capacitor depend on frequency?
17. Discuss the condition that leads to resonance.
18. What is the function of a diode in a circuit?
19. Explain the difference between amplification and rectification.
20. Is the phase angle always constant in a circuit containing resistive, capacitive,
and inductive elements?

review problems
1. What is the maximum voltage in a circuit when the instantaneous value of the

prOblEm SOlVing
voltage is 95.4 V at u = 62°? SKETCH
2. If the maximum ac voltage on a line is 185 V, what is the instantaneous voltage
12 cm2 w
at u = 41°?
3. If the maximum ac voltage on a line is 175 V, what is the instantaneous voltage 4.0 cm
at u = 23°?
4. What is the effective value of an ac voltage whose maximum voltage is 135 V? DATA
A = 12 cm2, l = 4.0 cm, w = ?
5. What is the maximum current in a circuit with a current rated at 6.35 A?
6. What power is developed by a device that draws 6.87 A and has a resistance of BASIC EQUATION
15.4 Ω? A = lw
7. A heating element draws 4.50 A on a 110@V line. What power is used in the
WORKING EQUATION
element? A
8. What power is used by a heater with resistance 22.3 Ω and that draws a current w=
l
of 7.65 A?
9. A step-up transformer on a 115-V line provides a voltage of 2050 V. (a) If the SUBSTITUTION
primary coil has 75.0 turns, how many turns does the secondary coil have? 1 2 cm 2
w = = 3 .0 cm
(b) If there is a current of 4.55 A in the primary coil, what is the current in the 4 .0 cm
secondary? (c) Find the power in the primary coil.
10. An inductance of 48.0 mH is connected in series with a lamp with resistance
23.0 Ω. This circuit is connected to a 115-V, 60.0-Hz power supply. (a) What is
the current in the circuit? (b) What is the phase angle? (c) What is the voltage
drop across the inductance?
11. A lamp with resistance 47.5 Ω is connected in series with an inductance of
43.2 mH. This circuit is connected to a 115-V, 60.0-Hz power supply. (a) What
is the current in the circuit? (b) What is the phase angle? (c) What is the voltage
drop across the resistance?
12. (a) What current will flow in a 60.0-Hz ac series circuit that includes a 110@V
source, a 19.5-Ω resistor, and a 57.4-mF capacitor? (b) What is the phase angle?
558 ChapTer 19 AlTernATing CUrrenT eleCTriCiTy

(c) What is the voltage across the resistor? (d) What is the voltage across the
capacitor?
13. A 21.6-Ω resistor and a 38.5-mF capacitor are connected in series with a 60.0-Hz
ac source with a voltage of 110 V. (a) What is the current in the circuit? (b) What
is the voltage across the capacitor? (c) What is the phase angle?
14. A circuit contains a 175@Ω resistance, a 25.0@mF capacitor, and a 62.0-mH in-
ductance in series with a 110@V, 60.0-Hz source. Find the impedance and the
current.
15. A circuit contains a 115@Ω resistance, a 35.0@mF capacitor, and a 65.0-mH in-
ductance in series with a 110@V, 60.0-Hz source. Find the impedance and the
current.
16. (a) Find the resonant frequency of a circuit containing a 7.50@mF capacitor
in series with a 3.70@mH inductance, a 633@Ω resistor, and a 110@V, 60.0-Hz
source. (b) Find the impedance and the current.
17. (a) Find the resonant frequency of a circuit containing a 4.70@mF capacitor
in series with a 4.50@mH inductance, a 25.0@Ω resistor, and a 110@V, 60.0-Hz
source. (b) Find the impedance and the current.
18. Find the apparent power produced by a generating station whose actual power
is 2,900,000 kW and whose power factor is 0.850.

A P P l i e d c o n c e P t s
1. A microwave oven is designed to draw 11.8 A of current when connected to a 110@V ac circuit.
(a) What is the average power of the microwave? (b) What is the maximum current drawn by the
microwave? (c) Provide a rationale for the current’s value 180° after the beginning of a cycle.
2. Before converting alternating current to direct current for an electronic video game, a transformer first
must reduce the voltage from 120 V to 9.00 V. (a) if the primary coil has 307 turns, how many turns
are in the secondary coil? (b) What is the power of each coil in the transformer? (c) explain the rela-
tionship between the power for the primary coil and the power for the secondary coil.
3. A neighborhood requires 8.50 * 104 W of power from the local substation. (a) What is the current in
the wire if the electricity is delivered at 220 V? (b) What is the current in the wire if the electricity is
delivered at 6000 V? (c) if the resistance of the power line is 0.250 Ω, how much electric power will
be converted into heat throughout the 220@V and 6000@V power lines? (d) Which power line voltage
is the more efficient for transmitting electricity?
4. A 65.5-V, 60.0-Hz ac generator is connected to a radio circuit. (a) if the inductor coil has an inductive
reactance of 125 Ω, find the inductance of the coil. (b) What is the effective current in the circuit?
(c) Find the power of the circuit.
5. An AM radio tuner circuit has an inductance of 275 mH. (a) What is the capacitance of the variable
capacitor when tuned to 880 kHz? (b) What is the capacitance when tuned to 1010 kHz? (c) Are the
capacitor plates larger or smaller when the radio is tuned to a higher-frequency station?